Highly efficient lanthanide upconverting nanomaterials: Progresses and challenges

Nano Today

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 643-676

  Li, Xiaomin ^a   Zhang, Fan ^a   Zhao, Dongyuan ^a  

^a FUDAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Core shell; Efficiency; Lanthanide; Nanomaterials; Upconverting

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL STABILITY; EFFICIENCY; LUMINESCENCE; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; RARE EARTH ELEMENTS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

APPLICATION FIELDS; CORE/SHELL; LUMINESCENCE MECHANISMS; MULTI-COLOR EMISSIONS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT); UP-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; UPCONVERTING; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLES;

NANOCRYSTALS;

FLUORESCENT DYE; LANTHANIDE; NANOPARTICLE; QUANTUM DOT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLE;

COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; ENERGY TRANSFER; FLUORESCENCE; NANOFABRICATION; PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; REVIEW; SOLAR RADIATION;

EID: 84895067963     PISSN: 17480132     EISSN: 1878044X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2013.11.003     Document Type: Review

References (274)

1. D. Chen, Y. Yu, F. Huang, A. Yang, and Y. Wang J. Mater. Chem. 21 2011 6186
2. L. Wang, P. Li, and Y. Li Adv. Mater. 19 2007 3304
3. S. Sivakumar, P.R. Diamente, and F.C.J.M. van Veggel Chem. Eur. J. 12 2006 5878
4. F.F. Li, C.G. Li, X.M. Liu, T.Y. Bai, W.J. Dong, and X. Zhang et al. Dalton. Trans. 42 2013 2015
5. A. Kar, and A. Patra Nanoscale 4 2012 3608
6. F. Auzel Chem. Rev. 104 2004 139
7. L. Esterowi, A. Schnitzl, J. Noonan, and J. Bahler Appl. Opt. 7 1968 2053
8. S.T. Liu, and R.B. Maciolek J. Electron. Mater. 3 1974 864
9. S.T. Liu, and R.B. Maciolek J. Electron. Mater. 4 1975 91
10. G.S. Maciel, L.D. Menezes, A.S.L. Gomes, C.B. deAraujo, Y. Messaddeq, and A. Florez et al. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7 1995 1474
11. H. Berthou, and C.K. Jorgensen Opt. Lett. 15 1990 1100
12. P.V. dos Santos, M.T. de Araujo, A.S. Gouveia-Neto, J.A.M. Neto, and A.S.B. Sombra Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 1998 578
13. E. Downing, L. Hesselink, J. Ralston, and R. Macfarlane Science 273 1996 1185
14. M.F. Joubert Opt. Mater. 11 1999 181
15. R.C. Stoneman, and L. Esterowitz Opt. Lett. 17 1992 816
16. J.A. Hutchinson, and T.H. Allik Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 1992 1424
17. E.M. Pacheco, and C.B. Dearaujo Chem. Phys. Lett. 148 1988 334
18. M.A. Chamarro, and R. Cases J. Lumin. 42 1988 267
19. R.S. Quimby, M.G. Drexhage, and M.J. Suscavage Electron. Lett. 23 1987 32
20. D.C. Yeh, W.A. Sibley, and M.J. Suscavage J. Appl. Phys. 63 1988 4644
21. E. Oomen J. Lumin. 50 1992 317
22. S. Tanabe, S. Yoshii, K. Hirao, and N. Soga Phys. Rev. B 45 1992 4620
23. A.P. Alivisatos Science 271 1996 933
24. A.R. Armstrong, and P.G. Bruce Nature 381 1996 499
25. W.C.W. Chan, and S.M. Nie Science 281 1998 2016
26. J.-S. Choi, Y.-w. Jun, S.-I. Yeon, H.C. Kim, J.-S. Shin, and J. Cheon J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2006 15982
27. V.L. Colvin, M.C. Schlamp, and A.P. Alivisatos Nature 370 1994 354
28. I. Gur, N.A. Fromer, M.L. Geier, and A.P. Alivisatos Science 310 2005 462
29. Y.M. Huh, Y.W. Jun, H.T. Song, S. Kim, J.S. Choi, and J.H. Lee et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 2005 12387
30. W.U. Huynh, J.J. Dittmer, and A.P. Alivisatos Science 295 2002 2425
31. S.V. Eliseeva, and J.-C.G. Buenzli Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 2010 189
32. H. Kobayashi, M. Ogawa, R. Alford, P.L. Choyke, and Y. Urano Chem. Rev. 110 2010 2620
33. H.S. Mader, P. Kele, S.M. Saleh, and O.S. Wolfbeis Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14 2010 582
34. L. Cheng, K. Yang, Y. Li, J. Chen, C. Wang, and M. Shao et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 2011 7385
35. J. Xie, G. Liu, H.S. Eden, H. Ai, and X. Chen Acc. Chem. Res. 44 2011 883
36. L. Cheng, C. Wang, and Z. Liu Nanoscale 5 2013 23
37. Q. Dou, N.M. Idris, and Y. Zhang Biomaterials 34 2013 1722
38. D. Yang, Y. Dai, P. Ma, X. Kang, Z. Cheng, and C. Li et al. Chem. Eur. J. 19 2013 2685
39. A. Xia, M. Chen, Y. Gao, D. Wu, W. Feng, and F. Li Biomaterials 33 2012 5394
40. M.E. Lim, Y.-L. Lee, Y. Zhang, and J.J.H. Chu Biomaterials 33 2012 1912
41. W. Yin, L. Zhou, Z. Gu, G. Tian, S. Jin, and L. Yan et al. J. Mater. Chem. 22 2012 6974
42. D. Chen, Y. Yu, F. Huang, H. Lin, P. Huang, and A. Yang et al. J. Mater. Chem. 22 2012 2632
43. G. Tian, Z. Gu, X. Liu, L. Zhou, W. Yin, and L. Yan et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 115 2011 23790
44. J. Ohwaki, and Y. Wang Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 L334 1994 L337
45. F. Auzel, D. Pecile, and D. Morin J. Electrochem. Soc. 122 1975 101
46. F. Wang, and X. Liu J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2008 5642
47. F. Wang, D.K. Chatterjee, Z. Li, Y. Zhang, X. Fan, and M. Wang Nanotechnology 17 2006 5786
48. Z. Li, and Y. Zhang Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 2006 7732
49. J.H. Zeng, J. Su, Z.H. Li, R.X. Yan, and Y.D. Li Adv. Mater. 17 2005 2119
50. G.S. Yi, and G.M. Chow J. Mater. Chem. 15 2005 4460
51. G.S. Yi, H.C. Lu, S.Y. Zhao, G. Yue, W.J. Yang, and D.P. Chen et al. Nano Lett. 4 2004 2191
52. S. Heer, K. Kompe, H.U. Gudel, and M. Haase Adv. Mater. 16 2004 2102
53. S. Heer, O. Lehmann, M. Haase, and H.U. Gudel Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42 2003 3179
54. J.W. Stouwdam, and F. van Veggel Nano Lett. 2 2002 733
55. J.-C. Boyer, L.A. Cuccia, and J.A. Capobianco Nano Lett. 7 2007 847
56. H.X. Mai, Y.W. Zhang, R. Si, Z.G. Yan, L.D. Sun, and L.P. You et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2006 6426
57. J.C. Boyer, F. Vetrone, L.A. Cuccia, and J.A. Capobianco J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2006 7444
58. Y.W. Zhang, X. Sun, R. Si, L.P. You, and C.H. Yan J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 2005 3260
59. R. Si, Y.W. Zhang, L.P. You, and C.H. Yan Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 2005 3256
60. F. Zhang, and D. Zhao ACS Nano 3 2009 159
61. F. Zhang, J. Li, J. Shan, L. Xu, and D. Zhao Chem. Eur. J. 15 2009 11010
62. G. Wang, Q. Peng, and Y. Li J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 2009 14200
63. H. Schaefer, P. Ptacek, H. Eickmeier, and M. Haase Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 2009 3091
64. Z. Li, and Y. Zhang Nanotechnology 19 2008 345606
65. F. Zhang, Y. Wan, T. Yu, F. Zhang, Y. Shi, and S. Xie et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 2007 7976
66. L. Wang, and Y. Li Chem. Mater. 19 2007 727
67. L. Wang, and Y. Li Nano Lett. 6 2006 1645
68. X. Wang, J. Zhuang, Q. Peng, and Y.D. Li Nature 437 2005 121
69. V. Venkatramu, D. Falcomer, A. Speghini, M. Bettinelli, and C.K. Jayasankar J. Lumin. 128 2008 811
70. K. Yang, F. Zheng, R. Wu, H. Li, and X. Zhang J. Rare Earth 24 2006 162
71. A. Patra, C.S. Friend, R. Kapoor, and P.N. Prasad Chem. Mater. 15 2003 3650
72. A. Patra, C.S. Friend, R. Kapoor, and P.N. Prasad J. Phys. Chem. B 106 2002 1909
73. X. Qin, T. Yokomori, and Y. Ju Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 2007
74. G. Wang, Q. Peng, and Y. Li Acc. Chem. Res. 44 2011 322
75. M. Haase, and H. Schäfer Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 2011 5808
76. F. Wang, and X. Liu Chem. Soc. Rev. 38 2009 976
77. J. Zhou, Z. Liu, and F. Li Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 2012 1323
78. L.H. Fischer, G.S. Harms, and O.S. Wolfbeis Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 2011 4546
79. D.K. Chatterjee, M.K. Gnanasammandhan, and Y. Zhang Small 6 2010 2781
80. F.E. Auzel Proc. IEEE 61 1973 758
81. C. Ronda Luminescence 2007 Wiley-VCH Weinheim
82. H. Yersin Transition Metals and Rare Earth Compounds II 2001 Springer Verlag Telos
83. M.G. Bawendi, M.L. Steigerwald, and L.E. Brus Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 41 1990 477
84. Y. Wang, and N. Herron J. Phys. Chem. 95 1991 525
85. A. Jablonski Nature 131 1933 839
86. A. Jablonski Z. Phys. 94 1935 38
87. R. Naccache, F. Vetrone, A. Speghini, M. Bettinelli, and J.A. Capobianco J. Phys. Chem. C 112 2008 7750
88. G.S. Maciel, R.B. Guimarães, P.G. Barreto, I.C.S. Carvalho, and N. Rakov Opt. Mater. 31 2009 1735
89. F. Pellé, M. Dhaouadi, L. Michely, P. Aschehoug, A. Toncelli, and S. Veronesi et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 2011 17453
90. C. Joshi, and S.B. Rai Solid State Sci. 14 2012 997
91. C. Ming, F. Song, and L. Yan Opt. Commun. 286 2013 217
92. R. Dey, V.K. Rai, and A. Pandey Spectrochim. Acta A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 99 2012 288
93. P.V. Ramakrishna, S.V.N. Pammi, and K. Samatha Solid State Commun. 155 2013 21
94. F. Wang, R. Deng, J. Wang, Q. Wang, Y. Han, and H. Zhu et al. Nat. Mater. 10 2011 968
95. Q. Su, S. Han, X. Xie, H. Zhu, H. Chen, and C.-K. Chen et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 2012 20849
96. C. Liu, and D. Chen J. Mater. Chem. 17 2007 3875
97. O. Ehlert, R. Thomann, M. Darbandi, and T. Nann ACS Nano 2 2008 120
98. G.S. Yi, and G.M. Chow Adv. Funct. Mater. 16 2006 2324
99. V. Mahalingam, F. Vetrone, R. Naccache, A. Speghini, and J.A. Capobianco Adv. Mater. 21 2009 4025
100. X. Zhang, P. Yang, C. Li, D. Wang, J. Xu, and S. Gai et al. Chem. Commun. 47 2011 12143
101. M.K.G. Jayakumar, N.M. Idris, and Y. Zhang Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109 2012 8483
102. R. Naccache, F. Vetrone, V. Mahalingam, L.A. Cuccia, and J.A. Capobianco Chem. Mater. 21 2009 717
103. C. Zhang, P.A. Ma, C. Li, G. Li, S. Huang, and D. Yang et al. J. Mater. Chem. 21 2011 717
104. H. Qiu, G. Chen, L. Sun, S. Hao, G. Han, and C. Yang J. Mater. Chem. 21 2011 17202
105. Z. Li, Y. Zhang, and S. Jiang Adv. Mater. 20 2008 4765
106. L. Cheng, K. Yang, M. Shao, S.-T. Lee, and Z. Liu J. Phys. Chem. C 115 2011 2686
107. S. Jeong, N. Won, J. Lee, J. Bang, J. Yoo, and S.G. Kim et al. Chem. Commun. 47 2011 8022
108. J. Yang, Y. Deng, Q. Wu, J. Zhou, H. Bao, and Q. Li et al. Langmuir 26 2010 8850
109. F. Zhang, G.B. Braun, Y. Shi, Y. Zhang, X. Sun, and N.O. Reich et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 2010 2850
110. Z. Li, L. Wang, Z. Wang, X. Liu, and Y. Xiong J. Phys. Chem. C 115 2011 3291
111. X. Li, D. Shen, J. Yang, C. Yao, R. Che, and F. Zhang et al. Chem. Mater. 25 2013 106
112. F. Zhang, Q. Shi, Y. Zhang, Y. Shi, K. Ding, and D. Zhao et al. Adv. Mater. 23 2011 3775
113. L.Y. Wang, R.X. Yan, Z.Y. Hao, L. Wang, J.H. Zeng, and H. Bao et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 2005 6054
114. F. Vetrone, J.C. Boyer, J.A. Capobianco, A. Speghini, and M. Bettinelli J. Appl. Phys. 96 2004 661
115. G.Y. Chen, Y.G. Zhang, G. Somesfalean, Z.G. Zhang, Q. Sun, and F.P. Wang Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 2006
116. F. Zhang, R.C. Haushalter, R.W. Haushalter, Y. Shi, Y. Zhang, and K. Ding et al. Small 7 2011 1972
117. G. Tian, Z. Gu, L. Zhou, W. Yin, X. Liu, and L. Yan et al. Adv. Mater. 24 2012 1226
118. J. Wang, F. Wang, C. Wang, Z. Liu, and X. Liu Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 2011 10369
119. W. Yin, L. Zhao, L. Zhou, Z. Gu, X. Liu, and G. Tian et al. Chem. Eur. J. 18 2012 9239
120. G. Yi, Y. Peng, and Z. Gao Chem. Mater. 23 2011 2729
121. J.H. Zeng, T. Xie, Z.H. Li, and Y. Li Cryst. Growth Des. 7 2007 2774
122. X. Michalet, F.F. Pinaud, L.A. Bentolila, J.M. Tsay, S. Doose, and J.J. Li et al. Science 307 2005 538
123. M. Bruchez, M. Moronne, P. Gin, S. Weiss, and A.P. Alivisatos Science 281 1998 2013
124. S. Wu, G. Han, D.J. Milliron, S. Aloni, V. Altoe, and D.V. Talapin et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 2009 10917
125. Y.I. Park, J.H. Kim, K.T. Lee, K.-S. Jeon, H.B. Na, and J.H. Yu et al. Adv. Mater. 21 2009 4467
126. M. Yu, F. Li, Z. Chen, H. Hu, C. Zhan, and H. Yang et al. Anal. Chem. 81 2009 930
127. F. Wang, J. Wang, and X. Liu Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49 2010 7456
128. F. Zhang, R. Che, X. Li, C. Yao, J. Yang, and D. Shen et al. Nano Lett. 12 2012 2852
129. N.J.J. Johnson, N.M. Sangeetha, J.-C. Boyer, and F.C.J.M. van Veggel Nanoscale 2 2010 771
130. X. Wu, H. Liu, J. Liu, K.N. Haley, J.A. Treadway, and J.P. Larson et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 21 2002 41
131. M. Nirmal, B.O. Dabbousi, M.G. Bawendi, J.J. Macklin, J.K. Trautman, and T.D. Harris et al. Nature 383 1996 802
132. B. Mahler, P. Spinicelli, S. Buil, X. Quelin, J.-P. Hermier, and B. Dubertret Nat. Mater. 7 2008 659
133. O. Chen, J. Zhao, V.P. Chauhan, J. Cui, C. Wong, and D.K. Harris et al. Nat. Mater. 12 2013 445
134. X. Wang, X. Ren, K. Kahen, M.A. Hahn, M. Rajeswaran, and S. Maccagnano-Zacher et al. Nature 459 2009 686
135. J.-C. Boyer, and F.C.J.M. van Veggel Nanoscale 2 2010 1417
136. Q. Liu, Y. Sun, T. Yang, W. Feng, C. Li, and F. Li J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 2011 17122
137. C.T. Xu, P. Svenmarker, H. Liu, X. Wu, M.E. Messing, and L.R. Wallenberg et al. ACS Nano 6 2012 4788
138. A.D. Ostrowski, E.M. Chan, D.J. Gargas, E.M. Katz, G. Han, and P.J. Schuck et al. ACS Nano 6 2012 2686
139. G. Chen, T.Y. Ohulchanskyy, A. Kachynski, H. Agren, and P.N. Prasad ACS Nano 5 2011 4981
140. L. Cheng, K. Yang, S. Zhang, M. Shao, S. Lee, and Z. Liu Nano Res. 3 2010 722
141. J.H. Yu, S.-H. Kwon, Z. Petrasek, O.K. Park, S.W. Jun, and K. Shin et al. Nat. Mater. 12 2013 359
142. L.M. Maestro, J.E. Ramirez-Hernandez, N. Bogdan, J.A. Capobianco, F. Vetrone, and J. Garcia Sole et al. Nanoscale 4 2012 298
143. J. Wang, M. Lin, Y. Yan, Z. Wang, P.C. Ho, and K.P. Loh J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 2009 11300
144. Z. Deng, L. Tong, M. Flores, S. Lin, J.-X. Cheng, and H. Yan et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 2011 5389
145. T.T. Han, Y. Fu, and H. Agren J. Appl. Phys. 103 2008
146. T.T. Han, Y. Fu, and H. Agren J. Appl. Phys. 101 2007
147. G. Xing, S. Chakrabortty, K.L. Chou, N. Mishra, C.H.A. Huan, and Y. Chan et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 2010
148. Y. Fu, T.T. Han, Y. Luo, and H. Agren Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 2006
149. Y. Fu, T.T. Han, H. Agren, L. Lin, P. Chen, and Y. Liu et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 2007
150. G. Chen, T.Y. Ohulchanskyy, R. Kumar, H. Agren, and P.N. Prasad ACS Nano 4 2010 3163
151. S. Sarkar, B. Meesaragandla, C. Hazra, and V. Mahalingam Adv. Mater. 25 2013 856
152. H.-T. Wong, F. Vetrone, R. Naccache, H.L.W. Chan, J. Hao, and J.A. Capobianco J. Mater. Chem. 21 2011 16589
153. N.J.J. Johnson, W. Oakden, G.J. Stanisz, R. Scott Prosser, and F.C.J.M. van Veggel Chem. Mater. 23 2011 3714
154. M.M. Lezhnina, T. Jüstel, H. Kätker, D.U. Wiechert, and U.H. Kynast Adv. Funct. Mater. 16 2006 935
155. G.-S. Yi, and G.-M. Chow Chem. Mater. 19 2007 341
156. H. Guo, Z. Li, H. Qian, Y. Hu, and I.N. Muhammad Nanotechnology 21 2010
157. C. Dong, A. Korinek, B. Blasiak, B. Tomanek, and F.C.J.M. van Veggel Chem. Mater. 24 2012 1297
158. H.-X. Mai, Y.-W. Zhang, L.-D. Sun, and C.-H. Yan J. Phys. Chem. C 111 2007 13721
159. Y. Wang, L. Tu, J. Zhao, Y. Sun, X. Kong, and H. Zhang J. Phys. Chem. C 113 2009 7164
160. G. Chen, T.Y. Ohulchanskyy, S. Liu, W.-C. Law, F. Wu, and M.T. Swihart et al. ACS Nano 6 2012 2969
161. J.-C. Boyer, J. Gagnon, L.A. Cuccia, and J.A. Capobianco Chem. Mater. 19 2007 3358
162. C. Li, X. Liu, P. Yang, C. Zhang, H. Lian, and J. Lin J. Phys. Chem. C 112 2008 2904
163. Z.L. Wang, Z.W. Quan, P.Y. Jia, C.K. Lin, Y. Luo, and Y. Chen et al. Chem. Mater. 18 2006 2030
164. S. Gai, P. Yang, X. Li, C. Li, D. Wang, and Y. Dai et al. J. Mater. Chem. 21 2011 14610
165. H. Schaefer, P. Ptacek, O. Zerzouf, and M. Haase Adv. Funct. Mater. 18 2008 2913
166. G.Y. Chen, J. Shen, T.Y. Ohulchanskyy, N.J. Patel, A. Kutikov, and Z.P. Li et al. ACS Nano 6 2012 8280
167. Y.-F. Wang, L.-D. Sun, J.-W. Xiao, W. Feng, J.-C. Zhou, and J. Shen et al. Chem. Eur. J. 18 2012 5558
168. H.-S. Qian, and Y. Zhang Langmuir 24 2008 12123
169. F. Vetrone, R. Naccache, V. Mahalingam, C.G. Morgan, and J.A. Capobianco Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 2009 2924
170. K.A. Abel, J.-C. Boyer, C.M. Andrei, and F.C.J.M. van Veggel J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2 2011 185
171. J. Park, J. Joo, S.G. Kwon, Y. Jang, and T. Hyeon Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 2007 4630
172. V.K. Lamer, and R.H. Dinegar J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 1950 4847
173. K.W. Kramer, D. Biner, G. Frei, H.U. Gudel, M.P. Hehlen, and S.R. Luthi Chem. Mater. 16 2004 1244
174. X. Liu, X. Kong, Y. Zhang, L. Tu, Y. Wang, and Q. Zeng et al. Chem. Commun. 47 2011 11957
175. K. Lee, and J. Irudayaraj Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 9 2013 1106
176. X.-K. Kong, Q.-W. Chen, and Z.-Y. Sun Chem. Phys. Lett. 564 2013 54
177. S.T. Sivapalan, B.M. Devetter, T.K. Yang, T. van Dijk, M.V. Schulmerich, and P.S. Carney et al. ACS Nano 7 2013 2099
178. Y. Zheng, T. Thai, P. Reineck, L. Qiu, Y. Guo, and U. Bach Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 2013 1519
179. S. Yick, Z.J. Han, and K. Ostrikov Chem. Commun. 49 2013 2861
180. A.M. Michaels, M. Nirmal, and L.E. Brus J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 1999 9932
181. Y.J. Xiong, J.M. McLellan, J.Y. Chen, Y.D. Yin, Z.Y. Li, and Y.N. Xia J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 2005 17118
182. Y. Lu, G.L. Liu, and L.P. Lee Nano Lett. 5 2005 5
183. C.E. Talley, J.B. Jackson, C. Oubre, N.K. Grady, C.W. Hollars, and S.M. Lane et al. Nano Lett. 5 2005 1569
184. A. Tao, F. Kim, C. Hess, J. Goldberger, R.R. He, and Y.G. Sun et al. Nano Lett. 3 2003 1229
185. J.B. Jackson, and N.J. Halas Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 2004 17930
186. Y.-H. Chan, J. Chen, S.E. Wark, S.L. Skiles, D.H. Son, and J.D. Batteas ACS Nano 3 2009 1735
187. K. Munechika, Y. Chen, A.F. Tillack, A.P. Kulkarni, I.J.-L. Plante, and A.M. Munro et al. Nano Lett. 10 2010 2598
188. Y.-P. Hsieh, C.-T. Liang, Y.-F. Chen, C.-W. Lai, and P.-T. Chou Nanotechnology 18 2007
189. B.C. Mei, K. Susumu, I.L. Medintz, and H. Mattoussi Nat. Protoc. 4 2009 412
190. M. Saboktakin, X. Ye, S.J. Oh, S.-H. Hong, A.T. Fafarman, and U.K. Chettiar et al. ACS Nano 6 2012 8758
191. H. Zhang, Y. Li, I.A. Ivanov, Y. Qu, Y. Huang, and X. Duan Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49 2010 2865
192. Z.Q. Li, S. Chen, J.J. Li, Q.Q. Liu, Z. Sun, and Z.B. Wang et al. J. Appl. Phys. 111 2012
193. S. Schietinger, T. Aichele, H.-Q. Wang, T. Nann, and O. Benson Nano Lett. 10 2010 134
194. P. Yuan, Y.H. Lee, M.K. Gnanasammandhan, Z. Guan, Y. Zhang, and Q.-H. Xu Nanoscale 4 2012 5132
195. W. Deng, L. Sudheendra, J. Zhao, J. Fu, D. Jin, and I.M. Kennedy et al. Nanotechnology 22 2011
196. C. Li, Y. Zhu, X. Zhang, X. Yang, and C. Li RSC Adv. 2 2012 1765
197. P. Zhao, Y. Zhu, X. Yang, K. Fan, J. Shen, and C. Li RSC Adv. 2 2012 10592
198. E. Verhagen, L. Kuipers, and A. Polman Nano Lett. 7 2007 334
199. L. Sudheendra, V. Ortalan, S. Dey, N.D. Browning, and I.M. Kennedy Chem. Mater. 23 2011 2987
200. W. Zhang, F. Ding, and S.Y. Chou Adv. Mater. 24 2012 OP236
201. M. Fujii, T. Nakano, K. Imakita, and S. Hayashi J. Phys. Chem. C 117 2013 1113
202. A. Priyam, N.M. Idris, and Y. Zhang J. Mater. Chem. 22 2012 960
203. N. Liu, W. Qin, G. Qin, T. Jiang, and D. Zhao Chem. Commun. 47 2011 7671
204. G. Schneider, G. Decher, N. Nerambourg, R. Praho, M.H.V. Werts, and M. Blanchard-Desce Nano Lett. 6 2006 530
205. N. Liu, B.S. Prall, and V.I. Klimov J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2006 15362
206. H. Nabika, and S. Deki J. Phys. Chem. B 107 2003 9161
207. R. Weissleder Nat. Biotechnol. 19 2001 316
208. W. Zou, C. Visser, J.A. Maduro, M.S. Pshenichnikov, and J.C. Hummelen Nat. Photonics 6 2012 560
209. Q. Zhan, J. Qian, H. Liang, G. Somesfalean, D. Wang, and S. He et al. ACS Nano 5 2011 3744
210. N.H. Finkel, X. Lou, C. Wang, and L. He Anal. Chem. 76 2004 352A
211. R. Wilson, A.R. Cossins, and D.G. Spiller Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 2006 6104
212. H.H. Gorris, and O.S. Wolfbeis Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 2013 3584
213. H.H. Gorris, R. Ali, S.M. Saleh, and O.S. Wolfbeis Adv. Mater. 23 2011 1652
214. R. Nagasubramanian, F. Innocenti, and M.J. Ratain Annu. Rev. Med.: Sel. Top. Clin. Sci. 54 2003 437
215. T.M. Allen, and P.R. Cullis Science 303 2004 1818
216. S.M. Janib, A.S. Moses, and J.A. MacKay Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 62 2010 1052
217. J. Kim, S. Park, J.E. Lee, S.M. Jin, J.H. Lee, and I.S. Lee et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 2006 7754
218. S.T. Selvan, P.K. Patra, C.Y. Ang, and J.Y. Ying Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 2007 2448
219. S.J. Lim, B.K. An, S.D. Jung, M.A. Chung, and S.Y. Park Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 2004 6346
220. J. Kim, H.S. Kim, N. Lee, T. Kim, H. Kim, and T. Yu et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47 2008 8438
221. V. Salgueirino-Maceira, M.A. Correa-Duarte, M. Spasova, L.M. Liz-Marzan, and M. Farle Adv. Funct. Mater. 16 2006 509
222. N. Insin, J.B. Tracy, H. Lee, J.P. Zimmer, R.M. Westervelt, and M.G. Bawendi ACS Nano 2 2008 197
223. C. Wang, L. Cheng, and Z. Liu Biomaterials 32 2011 1110
224. S. Jiang, Y. Zhang, K.M. Lim, E.K.W. Sim, and L. Ye Nanotechnology 20 2009 155101
225. S. Gai, P. Yang, C. Li, W. Wang, Y. Dai, and N. Niu et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 2010 1166
226. Z. Hou, C. Li, P. Ma, G. Li, Z. Cheng, and C. Peng et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 2011 2356
227. Y. Yang, Q. Shao, R. Deng, C. Wang, X. Teng, and K. Cheng et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 2012 3125
228. C.-J. Carling, F. Nourmohammadian, J.-C. Boyer, and N.R. Branda Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49 2010 3782
229. J. Liu, W. Bu, L. Pan, and J. Shi Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 2013 4375
230. J.V. Garcia, J. Yang, D. Shen, C. Yao, X. Li, and R. Wang et al. Small 8 2012 3800
231. B. Yan, J.-C. Boyer, N.R. Branda, and Y. Zhao J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 2011 19714
232. S. Jiang, and Y. Zhang Langmuir 26 2010 6689
233. F. Zhang, G.B. Braun, A. Pallaoro, Y. Zhang, Y. Shi, and D. Cui et al. Nano Lett. 12 2012 61
234. X. Kang, Z. Cheng, C. Li, D. Yang, M. Shang, and P.A. Ma et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 115 2011 15801
235. Z. Xu, C. Li, P.A. Ma, Z. Hou, D. Yang, and X. Kang et al. Nanoscale 3 2011 661
236. J. Lu, E. Choi, F. Tamanoi, and J.I. Zink Small 4 2008 421
237. Y. Zhu, and M. Fujiwara Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 2007 2241
238. Q. Lin, Q. Huang, C. Li, C. Bao, Z. Liu, and F. Li et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 2010 10645
239. J.L. Vivero-Escoto, I.I. Slowing, C.-W. Wu, and V.S.Y. Lin J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 2009 3462
240. N.-C. Fan, F.-Y. Cheng, J.-a.A. Ho, and C.-S. Yeh Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 2012 8806
241. D.K. Chatterjee, and Z. Yong Nanomedicine 3 2008 73
242. P. Zhang, W. Steelant, M. Kumar, and M. Scholfield J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 2007 4526
243. H.S. Qian, H.C. Guo, P.C.-L. Ho, R. Mahendran, and Y. Zhang Small 5 2009 2285
244. J. Shan, S.J. Budijono, G. Hu, N. Yao, Y. Kang, and Y. Ju et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 2011 2488
245. N.M. Idris, M.K. Gnanasammandhan, J. Zhang, P.C. Ho, R. Mahendran, and Y. Zhang Nat. Med. 18 2012 1580
246. G. Tian, W. Ren, L. Yan, S. Jian, Z. Gu, and L. Zhou et al. Small 2012 10.1002/smll.201201437
247. F. Chen, S. Zhang, W. Bu, Y. Chen, Q. Xiao, and J. Liu et al. Chem. Eur. J. 2012 7082
248. P. Gibart, F. Auzel, J.C. Guillaume, and K. Zahraman Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1: Reg. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. 35 1996 4401
249. B.S. Richards, and A. Shalav IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev. 54 2007 2679
250. A. Shalav, B.S. Richards, T. Trupke, K.W. Krämer, and H.U. Güdel Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 2005 013505
251. G.-B. Shan, and G.P. Demopoulos Adv. Mater. 22 2010 4373
252. H.-Q. Wang, M. Batentschuk, A. Osvet, L. Pinna, and C.J. Brabec Adv. Mater. 23 2011 2675
253. L.T. Su, S.K. Karuturi, J. Luo, L. Liu, X. Liu, and J. Guo et al. Adv. Mater. 25 2013 1603
254. D. Chen, L. Lei, A. Yang, Z. Wang, and Y. Wang Chem. Commun. 48 2012 5898
255. Z.Q. Li, X.D. Li, Q.Q. Liu, X.H. Chen, Z. Sun, and C. Liu et al. Nanotechnology 23 2012 025402
256. Y. Li, G. Wang, K. Pan, B. Jiang, C. Tian, and W. Zhou et al. J. Mater. Chem. 22 2012 20381
257. J. de Wild, A. Meijerink, J.K. Rath, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, and R.E.I. Schropp Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 2010 1919
258. J. de Wild, J.K. Rath, A. Meijerink, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, and R.E.I. Schropp Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 2010 2395
259. T. Trupke, A. Shalav, B.S. Richards, P. Wuerfel, and M.A. Green Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90 2006 3327
260. W. Qin, D. Zhang, D. Zhao, L. Wang, and K. Zheng Chem. Commun. 46 2010 2304
261. J. Shi, J. Ye, L. Ma, S. Ouyang, D. Jing, and L. Guo Chem. Eur. J. 2012
262. L. Ren, X. Qi, Y. Liu, Z. Huang, X. Wei, and J. Li et al. J. Mater. Chem. 22 2012 11765
263. S. Obregón, and G. Colón Chem. Commun. 48 2012 7865
264. Z.-X. Li, F.-B. Shi, T. Zhang, H.-S. Wu, L.-D. Sun, and C.-H. Yan Chem. Commun. 47 2011 8109
265. Z. Zhang, W. Wang, W. Yin, M. Shang, L. Wang, and S. Sun Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 101 2010 68
266. C. Li, F. Wang, J. Zhu, and J.C. Yu Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 100 2010 433
267. G. Feng, S. Liu, Z. Xiu, Y. Zhang, J. Yu, and Y. Chen et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 112 2008 13692
268. Y. Liu, D. Wang, J. Shi, Q. Peng, and Y. Li Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 2013 4366
269. V.K. Tikhomirov, L.F. Chibotaru, D. Saurel, P. Gredin, M. Mortier, and V.V. Moshchalkov Nano Lett. 9 2009 721
270. S.K. Singh, K. Kumar, M.K. Srivastava, D.K. Rai, and S.B. Rai Opt. Lett. 35 2010 1575
271. R. Valiente, M. Millot, F. Rodriguez, J. Gonzalez, J. Broto, and S. George et al. High Press. Res. 29 2009 748
272. J. Zhao, D. Jin, E.P. Schartner, Y. Lu, Y. Liu, and A.V. Zvyagin et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 2013 729
273. Y. Liu, M. Chen, T. Cao, Y. Sun, C. Li, and Q. Liu et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 2013 9869
274. Y. Sun, X. Zhu, J. Peng, and F. Li ACS Nano 2013 10.1021/nn405082y