Bioprosthetic heart valves of the future

Xenotransplantation

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-10

  Manji, Rizwan A ^a,b   Ekser, Burcin ^c,d,e   Menkis, Alan H ^a,b   Cooper, David K C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b WINNIPEG REGIONAL HEALTH AUTHORITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSITY OF INDIANAPOLIS   (United States)

Author keywords

calcification; children young adults; Gal; genetically modified; glutaraldehyde; heart valves; pigs; xenograft rejection

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM ION; GLUTARALDEHYDE;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; CALCIFICATION; CARDIAC GRAFT REJECTION; CHEMICAL REACTION; COW; DETERIORATION; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GLUTARALDEHYDE FIXED BIOPROSTHETIC HEART VALVE; GRAFT FAILURE; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MECHANICAL HEART VALVE; NONHUMAN; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTHETIC VALVE THROMBOSIS; REVIEW; STRUCTURAL VALVE DETERIORATION; SURGICAL RISK; SWINE; ANIMAL; FORECASTING; GRAFT REJECTION; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HEART VALVE; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS; IMMUNOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PIG; XENOGRAFT;

ANIMALS; FORECASTING; GRAFT REJECTION; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS; HEART VALVES; HUMANS; SWINE; TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS;

EID: 84893835104     PISSN: 0908665X     EISSN: 13993089     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/xen.12080     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Siddiqui RF, Abraham JR, Butany J,. Bioprosthetic heart valves: modes of failure. Histopathology 2009; 55: 135-144.
2. Carpentier A, Lemaigre G, Robert L, Carpentier S, Dubost C,. Biological factors affecting long-term results of valvular heterografts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1969; 58: 467-483.
3. Miller DC, Stinson EB, Oyer PE, et al. The durability of porcine xenograft valves and conduits in children. Circulation 1982; 66: I172-I185.
4. Ruel M, Chan V, Bedard P, et al. Very long-term survival implications of heart valve replacement with tissue versus mechanical prostheses in adults <60 years of age. Circulation 2007; 116: I294-I300. (Pubitemid 47480804)
5. van de Werf F, Brueckmann M, Connolly SJ, et al. A comparison of dabigatran etexilate with warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves: the randomized, phase II study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral dabigatran etexilate in patients after heart valve replacement (RE-ALIGN). Am Heart J 2012; 163: 931-937 e931.
6. Stewart RA, Astell H, Young L, White HD,. Thrombosis on a Mechanical Aortic Valve whilst Anti-coagulated With Dabigatran. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 21: 53-55.
7. Doherty TM, Asotra K, Fitzpatrick LA, et al. Calcification in atherosclerosis: bone biology and chronic inflammation at the arterial crossroads. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100: 11201-11206. (Pubitemid 37205912)
8. Basaraba RJ, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Eschelbach EK, et al. Increased expression of host iron-binding proteins precedes iron accumulation and calcification of primary lung lesions in experimental tuberculosis in the guinea pig. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008; 88: 69-79. (Pubitemid 350267362)
9. Cho HJ, Kim HS,. Osteopontin: a multifunctional protein at the crossroads of inflammation, atherosclerosis, and vascular calcification. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2009; 11: 206-213.
10. Scatena M, Liaw L, Giachelli CM,. Osteopontin: a multifunctional molecule regulating chronic inflammation and vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27: 2302-2309. (Pubitemid 350203943)
11. Simionescu DT,. Prevention of calcification in bioprosthetic heart valves: challenges and perspectives. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2004; 4: 1971-1985. (Pubitemid 39627148)
12. Diaz-Jauanen E, Strickland RG, Williams RC,. Studies of human lymphocytes in the newborn and the aged. Am J Med 1975; 58: 620-628.
13. Talbert WM Jr, Wright P,. Acute aortic stenosis of a porcine valve heterograft apparently caused by graft rejection: case report with discussion of immune mediated host response. Tex Heart Inst J 1982; 9: 225-229. (Pubitemid 12087718)
14. Phillips HR, Spray TL, Lowe JE, Morris KG, Wechsler AS,. Subvalvular thrombotic obstruction of an aortic porcine heterograft. Chest 1982; 81: 756-758. (Pubitemid 12073343)
15. Stein PD, Wang CH, Riddle JM, Magilligan DJ Jr,. Leukocytes, platelets, and surface microstructure of spontaneously degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valves. J Card Surg 1988; 3: 253-261.
16. Riddle JM, Magilligan DJ Jr, Stein PD,. Surface morphology of degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valves four to seven years following implantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981; 81: 279-287. (Pubitemid 11184127)
17. Butany J, Zhou T, Leong SW, et al. Inflammation and infection in nine surgically explanted Medtronic Freestyle stentless aortic valves. Cardiovasc Pathol 2007; 16: 258-267. (Pubitemid 47375115)
18. Wilhelmi MH, Mertsching H, Wilhelmi M, Leyh R, Haverich A,. Role of inflammation in allogeneic and xenogeneic heart valve degeneration: immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory endothelial cell activation. J Heart Valve Dis 2003; 12: 520-526. (Pubitemid 36975043)
19. Human P, Zilla P,. Characterization of the immune response to valve bioprostheses and its role in primary tissue failure. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71: S385-S388. (Pubitemid 32437003)
20. Dahm M, Lyman WD, Schwell AB, Factor SM, Frater RW,. Immunogenicity of glutaraldehyde-tanned bovine pericardium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990; 99: 1082-1090. (Pubitemid 20209411)
21. Gabbay S, Bortolotti U, Factor S, Shore DF, Frater RW,. Calcification of implanted xenograft pericardium. Influence of site and function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 87: 782-787. (Pubitemid 14101260)
22. Grabenwoger M, Fitzal F, Gross C, et al. Different modes of degeneration in autologous and heterologous heart valve prostheses. J Heart Valve Dis 2000; 9: 104-109; discussion 110-101.
23. Huang HS, Chang HH,. Platelets in inflammation and immune modulations: functions beyond hemostasis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 60: 443-451.
24. Engelmann B, Massberg S,. Thrombosis as an intravascular effector of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 13: 34-45.
25. Trzeciak-Ryczek A, Tokarz-Deptula B, Deptula W,. Platelets-an important element of the immune system. Pol J Vet Sci 2013; 16: 407-413.
26. Vincentelli A, Latremouille C, Zegdi R, et al. Does glutaraldehyde induce calcification of bioprosthetic tissues? Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: S255-S258. (Pubitemid 29087172)
27. Manji RA, Zhu LF, Nijjar NK, et al. Glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprosthetic heart valve conduits calcify and fail from xenograft rejection. Circulation 2006; 114: 318-327. (Pubitemid 44297098)
28. Ozaki S, Herijgers P, Flameng W,. Influence of blood contact on the calcification of glutaraldehyde-pretreated porcine aortic valves. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 9: 245-252.
29. Kirchhof N, Shibata S, Wijkstrom M, et al. Reversal of diabetes in non-immunosuppressed rhesus macaques by intraportal porcine islet xenografts precedes acute cellular rejection. Xenotransplantation 2004; 11: 396-407. (Pubitemid 39128209)
30. Nau GJ, Guilfoile P, Chupp GL, et al. A chemoattractant cytokine associated with granulomas in tuberculosis and silicosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94: 6414-6419. (Pubitemid 27270699)
31. Good AH, Cooper DK, Malcolm AJ, et al. Identification of carbohydrate structures that bind human antiporcine antibodies: implications for discordant xenografting in humans. Transplant Proc 1992; 24: 559-562.
32. Cooper DK, Good AH, Koren E, et al. Identification of alpha-galactosyl and other carbohydrate epitopes that are bound by human anti-pig antibodies: relevance to discordant xenografting in man. Transpl Immunol 1993; 1: 198-205. (Pubitemid 2020157)
33. Kobayashi T, Cooper DKC,. Anti-Gal, alpha-Gal epitopes, and xenotransplantation. In:, Avila JL, Galili U, eds. Anti-Gal: Alpha-1,3 Galactosyltransferase, Alpha-Gal Epitopes, and the Natural Anti-Gal Antibody. Subcellular Biochemistry Vol 32. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 1999: 229-257.
34. Galili U, Mandrell RE, Hamadeh RM, Shohet SB, Griffiss JM,. Interaction between human natural anti-alpha-galactosyl immunoglobulin G and bacteria of the human flora. Infect Immun 1988; 56: 1730-1737.
35. Cooper DK, Koren E, Oriol R,. Genetically engineered pigs. Lancet 1993; 342: 682-683.
36. Phelps CJ, Koike C, Vaught TD, et al. Production of alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs. Science 2003; 299: 411-414.
37. Kuwaki K, Tseng YL, Dor FJ, et al. Heart transplantation in baboons using alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs as donors: initial experience. Nat Med 2005; 11: 29-31. (Pubitemid 40215833)
38. Ezzelarab M, Garcia B, Azimzadeh A, et al. The innate immune response and activation of coagulation in alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout xenograft recipients. Transplantation 2009; 87: 805-812.
39. Ekser B, Ezzelarab M, Hara H, et al. Clinical xenotransplantation: the next medical revolution? Lancet 2012; 379: 672-683.
40. Padler-Karavani V, Varki A,. Potential impact of the non-human sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid on transplant rejection risk. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 1-5.
41. Zhu A,. Binding of human natural antibodies to nonalphaGal xenoantigens on porcine erythrocytes. Transplantation 2000; 69: 2422-2428. (Pubitemid 30409015)
42. Zhu A, Hurst R,. Anti-N-glycolylneuraminic acid antibodies identified in healthy human serum. Xenotransplantation 2002; 9: 376-381. (Pubitemid 36358933)
43. Lutz AJ, Li P, Estrada JL, et al. Double knockout pigs deficient in N-glycolylneuraminic acid and Galactose alpha-1,3-Galactose reduce the humoral barrier to xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20: 27-35.
44. Cooper DK, Ekser B, Burlak C, et al. Clinical lung xenotransplantation- what donor genetic modifications may be necessary? Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 144-158.
45. Daly KA, Stewart-Akers AM, Hara H, et al. Effect of the alphaGal epitope on the response to small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix in a nonhuman primate model. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15: 3877-3888.
46. Park CS, Park SS, Choi SY, et al. Anti alpha-gal immune response following porcine bioprosthesis implantation in children. J Heart Valve Dis 2010; 19: 124-130.
47. McPherson TB, Liang H, Record RD, Badylak SF,. Galalpha(1,3)Gal epitope in porcine small intestinal submucosa. Tissue Eng 2000; 6: 233-239. (Pubitemid 30419206)
48. Kasimir MT, Rieder E, Seebacher G, et al. Presence and elimination of the xenoantigen gal (alpha1, 3) gal in tissue-engineered heart valves. Tissue Eng 2005; 11: 1274-1280. (Pubitemid 41321430)
49. Naso F, Gandaglia A, Bottio T, et al. First quantification of alpha-Gal epitope in current glutaraldehyde-fixed heart valve bioprostheses. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20: 252-261.
50. Konakci KZ, Bohle B, Blumer R, et al. Alpha-Gal on bioprostheses: xenograft immune response in cardiac surgery. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35: 17-23. (Pubitemid 40187950)
51. Jin R, Greenwald A, Peterson MD, Waddell TK,. Human monocytes recognize porcine endothelium via the interaction of galectin 3 and alpha-GAL. J Immunol 2006; 177: 1289-1295. (Pubitemid 44036635)
52. Wilhite T, Ezzelarab C, Hara H, et al. The effect of Gal expression on pig cells on the human T-cell xenoresponse. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 56-63.
53. McGregor CG, Carpentier A, Lila N, Logan JS, Byrne GW,. Cardiac xenotransplantation technology provides materials for improved bioprosthetic heart valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 141: 269-275.
54. Lila N, McGregor CG, Carpentier S, et al. Gal knockout pig pericardium: new source of material for heart valve bioprostheses. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 29: 538-543.
55. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack M, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1597-1607.