Effects of simvastatin on retinal structure and function of a high-fat atherogenic mouse model of thickened bruch's membrane

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 460-468

  Barathi, Veluchamy A ^a,b,c   Yeo, Sia W ^a   Guymer, Robyn H ^d   Wong, Tien Y ^a,b,c,d   Luu, Chi D ^d  

^a SINGAPORE EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Singapore)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^c DUKE NUS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Singapore)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Bruch's membrane; Electroretinography; High fat atherogenic mouse model; Retina; Simvastatin

Indexed keywords

SIMVASTATIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY; EYE FUNDUS; FOLLOW UP; HISTOPATHOLOGY; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

EID: 84893122681     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11636     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Rein DB, Wittenborn JS, Zhang X, Honeycutt AA, Lesesne SB, Saaddine J. Forecasting age-related macular degeneration through the year 2050: the potential impact of new treatments. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127:533-540.
2. Das A, Frank RN, Zhang NL, Turczyn TJ. Ultrastructural localization of extracellular matrix components in human retinal vessels and Bruch's membrane. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:421-429.
3. Hirabayashi Y, Fujimori O, Shimizu S. Bruch's membrane of the brachymorphic mouse. Med Electron Microsc. 2003;36:139-146.
4. Booij JC, Baas DC, Beisekeeva J, Gorgels TG, Bergen AA. The dynamic nature of Bruch's membrane. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010;29:1-18.
5. Guymer R, Luthert P, Bird A. Changes in Bruch's membrane and related structures with age. Prog Retin Eye Res. 1999;18: 59-90.
6. Haimovici R, Gantz DL, Rumelt S, Freddo TF, Small DM. The lipid composition of drusen, Bruch's membrane, and sclera by hot stage polarizing light microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:1592-1599.
7. Cankova Z, Huang JD, Kruth HS, Johnson M. Passage of lowdensity lipoproteins through Bruch's membrane and choroid. Exp Eye Res. 2011;93:947-955.
8. Zheng W, Reem RE, Omarova S, et al. Spatial distribution of the pathways of cholesterol homeostasis in human retina. PLoS One. 2012;7:e37926.
9. Wu T, Fujihara M, Tian J, et al. Apolipoprotein B100 secretion by cultured ARPE-19 cells is modulated by alteration of cholesterol levels. J Neurochem. 2010;114:1734-1744.
10. Pauleikhoff D, Harper CA, Marshall J, Bird AC. Aging changes in Bruch's membrane. A histochemical and morphologic study. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:171-178.
11. Starita C, Hussain AA, Pagliarini S, Marshall J. Hydrodynamics of ageing Bruch's membrane: implications for macular disease. Exp Eye Res. 1996;62:565-572.
12. Moore DJ, Hussain AA, Marshall J. Age-related variation in the hydraulic conductivity of Bruch's membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:1290-1297.
13. Starita C, Hussain AA, Marshall J. Decreasing hydraulic conductivity of Bruch's membrane: relevance to photoreceptor survival and lipofuscinoses. Am J Med Genet. 1995;57: 235-237.
14. Klettner A, Kauppinen A, Blasiak J, Roider J, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of agerelated macular degeneration: from impaired autophagy to neovascularization. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45:1457-1467.
15. Curcio CA, Millican CL, Bailey T, Kruth HS. Accumulation of cholesterol with age in human Bruch's membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:265-274.
16. Cho E, Hung S, Willett WC, et al. Prospective study of dietary fat and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:209-218.
17. SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY, Agron E, et al. The relationship of dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake with incident age-related macular degeneration: AREDS report no. 23. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126:1274-1279.
18. SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY, Clemons TE, et al. The relationship of dietary lipid intake and age-related macular degeneration in a case-control study: AREDS Report No. 20. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125:671-679.
19. Seddon JM, Rosner B, Sperduto RD, et al. Dietary fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1191-1199.
20. Sun C, Klein R, Wong TY. Age-related macular degeneration and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1913-1919.
21. Klein R, Klein BE, Knudtson MD, et al. Subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and early age-related macular degeneration in a multiracial cohort: the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125:534-543.
22. Parekh N, Voland RP, Moeller SM, et al. Association between dietary fat intake and age-related macular degeneration in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS): an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127:1483-1493.
23. Guymer RH, Chong EW. Modifiable risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. Med J Aust. 2006;184:455-458.
24. Seddon JM, Rosner B, Sperduto RD, et al. Dietary fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1191-1199.
25. Chong EW, Robman LD, Simpson JA, et al. Fat consumption and its association with age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127:674-680.
26. Gehlbach P, Li T, Hatef E. Statins for age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;3: CD006927.
27. Chuo JY, Wiens M, Etminan M, Maberley DA. Use of lipidlowering agents for the prevention of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2007;14:367-374.
28. Kaiserman N, Vinker S, Kaiserman I. Statins do not decrease the risk for wet age-related macular degeneration. Current Eye Res. 2009;34:304-310.
29. Klein R, Klein BE, Tomany SC, Danforth LG, Cruickshanks KJ. Relation of statin use to the 5-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121: 1151-1155.
30. Klein R, Knudtson MD, Klein BE. Statin use and the five-year incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:1-6.
31. McCarty CA, Mukesh BN, Guymer RH, Baird PN, Taylor HR. Cholesterol-lowering medications reduce the risk of agerelated maculopathy progression. Med J Aust. 2001;175:340.
32. McGwin G Jr, Owsley C, Curcio CA, Crain RJ. The association between statin use and age related maculopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1121-1125.
33. Tan JS, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, Wang JJ. Statins and the longterm risk of incident age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:685-687.
34. Wilson HL, Schwartz DM, Bhatt HR, McCulloch CE, Duncan JL. Statin and aspirin therapy are associated with decreased rates of choroidal neovascularization among patients with agerelated macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137: 615-624.
35. Miceli MV, Newsome DA, Tate DJ Jr, Sarphie TG. Pathologic changes in the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane of fat-fed atherogenic mice. Curr Eye Res. 2000; 20:8-16.
36. Robinson R, Ho CE, Tan QS, et al. Fluvastatin downregulates VEGF-A expression in TNF-{alpha}-induced retinal vessel tortuosity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:7423-7431.
37. Bellosta S, Ferri N, Arnaboldi L, Bernini F, Paoletti R, Corsini A. Pleiotropic effects of statins in atherosclerosis and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(suppl 2):B72-B78.
38. Bellosta S, Ferri N, Bernini F, Paoletti R, Corsini A. Non-lipidrelated effects of statins. Ann Med. 2000;32:164-176.
39. Hunninghake DB, Knopp RH, Schonfeld G, et al. Efficacy and safety of pravastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. I. A dose-response study. Atherosclerosis. 1990;85:81-89.
40. Franceschini G. Epidemiologic evidence for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:9N-13N.
41. Mertens A, Holvoet P. Oxidized LDL and HDL: antagonists in atherothrombosis. FASEB J. 2001;15:2073-2084.
42. Hess DC, Fagan SC. Pharmacology and clinical experience with simvastatin. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2001;2:153-163.
43. Kuvin JT, Karas RH. The effects of LDL reduction and HDL augmentation on physiologic and inflammatory markers. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2003;18:295-300.
44. Takemoto M, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:1712-1719.
45. Inoue I, Goto S, Mizotani K, et al. Lipophilic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has an anti-inflammatory effect: reduction of MRNA levels for interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and p22phox by regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in primary endothelial cells. Life Sci. 2000;67:863-876.
46. Jialal I, Stein D, Balis D, Grundy SM, Adams-Huet B, Devaraj S. Effect of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor therapy on high sensitive C-reactive protein levels. Circulation. 2001;103:1933-1935.
47. Pruefer D, Scalia R, Lefer AM. Simvastatin inhibits leukocyteendothelial cell interactions and protects against inflammatory processes in normocholesterolemic rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:2894-2900.
48. Simons M. Molecular multitasking: statins lead to more arteries, less plaque. Nat Med. 2000;6:965-966.
49. Lee TS, Chang CC, Zhu Y, Shyy JY. Simvastatin induces heme oxygenase-1: a novel mechanism of vessel protection. Circulation. 2004;110:1296-1302.
50. Kim KJ, Kim KS, Kim NR, Chin HS. Effects of simvastatin on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells [published online ahead of print August 23, 2012]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. doi:10.1167/iovs.12-9658
51. Chen W, Stambolian D, Edwards AO, et al. Genetic variants near TIMP3 and high-density lipoprotein-associated loci influence susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:7401-7406.
52. Neale BM, Fagerness J, Reynolds R, et al. Genome-wide association study of advanced age-related macular degeneration identifies a role of the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:7395-7400.
53. Xu H, Chen M, Manivannan A, Lois N, Forrester JV. Agedependent accumulation of lipofuscin in perivascular and subretinal microglia in experimental mice. Aging Cell. 2008;7: 58-68.
54. Mattapallil MJ, Wawrousek EF, Chan CC, et al. The Rd8 mutation of the Crb1 gene is present in vendor lines of C57BL/6N mice and embryonic stem cells, and confounds ocular induced mutant phenotypes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012; 53:2921-2927.