Biology of hair follicle pigmentation

Hair, Hair Growth and Hair Disorders

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 51-74

  Tobin, Desmond J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892201294     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-46911-7_4     Document Type: Chapter

References (90)

1. Agarwal R, Katare OP, Vyas SP (2000) The pilosebaceous unit: A pivotal route for topical drug delivery. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 22:129-133.
2. Alexander MY, Akhurst RJ (1995) Liposome-medicated gene transfer and expression via the skin. Hum Mol Genet 4:2279-2285.
3. Alexeev V, Igoucheva O, Domashenko A et al (2000) Localized in vivo genotypic and phenotypic correction of the albino mutation in skin by RNA-DNA oligonucleotide. Nat Biotechnol 18:43-47.
4. Arck PC, Overall R, Spatz K et al (2006) Towards a "free radical theory of graying": Melanocyte apoptosis in the aging human hair follicle is an indicator of oxidative stress induced tissue damage. FASEB J. 20:1567-1569.
5. Barsh G, Gunn T, He L et al (2000) Biochemical and genetic studies of pigment-Type switching. Pigment Cell Res 13 Suppl 8:48-53.
6. Bennett DC (1983) Differentiation in mouse melanoma cells: initial reversibility and an on-off stochastic model. Cell 34:445-453.
7. Boissy RE, Moellmann GE, Lerner AB (1987) Morphology of melanocytes in hair bulbs and eyes of vitiligo mice. Am J Pathol. 127:380-308.
8. Boissy RE, Sakai C, Zhao H et al (1998) Human tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) does not function as a DHICA oxidase activity in contrast to murine TRP-1. Exp Dermatol 4:198-204.
9. Botchkareva NV, Khlgatian M, Longley BJ et al (2001) SCF/c-KIT signaling is required for cyclic regeneration of the hair pigmentation unit. FASEB J 15:645-658.
10. Christoph T, Muller-Rover S, Audring H et al (2000) The human hair follicle immune system: cellular composition and immune privilege. Br J Dermatol 142:862-873.
11. Commo S, Bernard BA (2000) Melanocyte subpopulation turnover during the human hair cycle: An immunohistochemical study. Pigment Cell Res 13:253-259.
12. Commo S, Gaillard O, Thibaut S et al (2004) Absence of TRP-2 in melanogenic melanocytes of human hair. Pigment Cell Res 17:488-497.
13. Cui J, Shen LY, Wang GC (1991) Role of hair follicles in the repigmentation of vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 97:410-416.
14. D'Agostini F, Balansky R, Pesce C et al (2000) Induction of alopecia in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Toxicol Lett 114(1-3):117-123.
15. Dupin E, Le Douarin NM (2003) Development of melanocyte precursors from the vertebrate neural crest. Oncogene 22:3016-3023.
16. Eisinger M, Marko O (1982) Selective proliferation of normal human melanocytes in vitro in the presence of phorbol ester and cholera toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:2018-2022.
17. Fitzpatrick TB, Breathnach AS (1963) The epidermal melanin unit system. Dermatol Wochenschr 147:481-489.
18. Fitzpatrick TB, Brunet P, Kukita A (1958) The nature of hair pigment. In: Montagna W, Ellis RA eds The Biology of Hair Growth. Academic Press, New York, pp 255-303.
19. Gilhar A, Landau M, Assy B, Shalaginov R et al (2001) Melanocyte-Associated T cell epitopes can function as autoantigens for transfer of alopecia areata to human scalp explants on Prkdc(scid) mice. J Invest Dermatol 117(6):1357-1362.
20. Halaban R, Langdon R, Birchall N et al (1988) Basic fibroblast growth factor from human keratinocytes is a natural mitogen for melanocytes. J Cell Biol 107:1611-1619.
21. He L, Eldridge AG, Jackson PK, Gunn TM et al (2003) Accessory proteins for melanocortin signaling: Attractin and mahogunin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 994:288-298 apter 4 71.
22. Hegedus ZL (2000) The probable involvement of soluble and deposited melanins, their intermediates and the reactive oxygen side-products in human diseases and aging. Toxicology 145:85-101.
23. Hoffman RM (1998) Topical liposome targeting of dyes, melanins, genes, and proteins selectively to hair follicles. J Drug Target 5:67-74.
24. Holbrook KA, Vogel AM, Underwood RA et al (1988) Melanocytes in human embryonic and fetal skin: A review and new findings. Pigment Cell Res [Suppl] 1:6-17.
25. Horikawa T, Norris DA, Yohn JJ et al (1995) Melanocyte mitogens induce both melanocyte chemokinesis and chemotaxis. J Invest Dermatol 104(2):256-259.
26. Horikawa T, Norris DA, Johnson TW et al (1996) DOPA-negative melanocytes in the outer root sheath of human hair follicles express premelanosomal antigens but not a melanosomal antigen or the melanosome-Associated glycoproteins tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2. J Invest Dermatol 106:28-35.
27. Ibrahim L, Wright EA (1978) The long term effect of repeated pluckings on the function of the mouse vibrissal follicles. Br J Dermatol 99:371-376.
28. Imokawa G, Yada Y, Miyagishi M (1992) Endothelins secreted from human keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens for human melanocytes. J Biol Chem 267(34):24675-24680.
29. Ito M, Kawa Y, Ono H, Okura M et al (1999) Removal of stem cell factor or addition of monoclonal anti-c-KIT antibody induces apoptosis in murine melanocyte precursors. J Invest Dermatol 112:796-801.
30. Ito T, Ito N, Bettermann A, Tokura Y et al (2004) Collapse and restoration of MHC class-I-dependent immune privilege: Exploiting the human hair follicle as a model. Am J Pathol 164:623-634.
31. Kauser S, Schallreuter KU, Thody AJ et al (2003) Regulation of human epidermal melanocyte biology by betaendorphin. J Invest Dermatol 120:1073-1080.
32. Kauser S, Schallreuter KU, Thody AJ et al (2004) betaendorphin as a regulator of human hair follicle melanocyte biology. J Invest Dermatol 123:184-195.
33. Kauser S, Thody AJ, Schallreuter KU et al (2005) A fully functional proopiomelanocortin/melanocortin-1 receptor system regulates the differentiation of human scalp hair follicle melanocytes. Endocrinology 146:532-543.
34. Kauser S, Slominski A, Wei ET et al (2006) Modulation of the human hair follicle pigmentary unit by corticotropin- releasing hormone and urocortin peptides. FASEB J 20:882-895.
35. Keogh EV, Walsh R J (1965) Rate of graying of human hair. Nature 207:877-878.
36. Lee WS, Lee IW, Ahn SK (1996) Diffuse heterochromia of scalp hair. J Am Acad Dermatol 35:823-825.
37. Lerner AB, Fitzpatrick TB (1950) Biochemistry of melanin formation. Physiol Rev 30:91-126.
38. Levine N, Sheftel SN, Eytan T et al (1991) Induction of skin tanning by subcutaneous administration of a potent synthetic melanotropin. JAMA 266:2730-2736.
39. Lindner G, Botchkarev VA, Botchkareva NV et al (1997) Analysis of apoptosis during hair follicle regression (catagen). Am J Pathol 151:1601-1617.
40. Logan A, Weatherhead B (1981) Effects of alpha-melanocyte- stimulating hormone and [8-Arginine]-vasotocin upon melanogenesis in hair follicle melanocytes in vitro. J Endocrinol 91(3):501-507.
41. Nagl W (1995) Different growth rates of pigmented and white hair in the beard: differentiation vs. proliferation? Br J Dermatol 132:94-97.
42. Nakamura M, Tobin DJ, Richards-Smith B et al (2002) Mutant laboratory mice with abnormalities in pigmentation: Annotated tables. J Dermatol Sci 28:1-33.
43. Nishimura EK, Jordan SA, Oshima H et al (2002) Dominant role of the niche in melanocyte stem-cell fate determination. Nature 416:854-860.
44. Nordlund JJ, Ortonne J-P (1998) The normal color of human skin. In: Nordlund JJ, Boissy RE, Hearing VJ, King RA, Ortonne J-P (eds.) The Pigmentary System: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 475-487.
45. Oetting WS (1999). Albinism. Curr Opin Pediatr 11:565-571.
46. Orr-Walker BJ, Evans MC, Ames RW et al (1997) Premature hair graying and bone mineral density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3580-3583.
47. Paus R, Slominski A, Czarnetzki BM (1993) Is alopecia areata an autoimmune-response against melanogenesis- related proteins, exposed by abnormal MHC class I expression in the anagen hair bulb? Yale J Biol Med 66:541-554.
48. Peters EM, Tobin DJ, Botchkareva N et al (2002) Migration of melanoblasts into the developing murine hair follicle is accompanied by transient c-KIT expression. J Histochem Cytochem 50:751-766.
49. Philpott MP, Green MR, Kealey T (1990) Human hair growth in vitro. J Cell Sci 97:463-471.
50. Rees JL (2000) The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R): More than just red hair. Pigment Cell Res 13:135-140.
51. Rees JL (2006) Plenty new under the sun. J Invest Dermatol 126:1691-1692.
52. Rosen CJ, Holick MF, Millard PS (1994) Premature graying of hair is a risk marker for osteopenia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:854-857.
53. Sato S, Kukita A, Jimbow K (1973) Electron microscopic studies of dendritic cells in the human gray and white matrix during anagen. Pigment Cell 1:20-26.
54. Schallreuter KU, Beazley WD, Hibberts NA et al (1998) Pterins in human hair follicle cells and in the synchronized murine hair cycle. J Invest Dermatol 111:545-550.
55. Slominski A, Paus R, Constantino R (1991) Differential expression and activity of melanogenesis-related proteins during induced hair growth in mice. J Invest Dermatol 96:172-179.
56. Slominski A, Paus R, Schadendorf D (1993) Melanocytes as "sensory" and regulatory cells in the epidermis. J Theor Biol 164:103-120.
57. Slominski A, Paus R, Plonka P, Chakraborty A et al (1994) Melanogenesis during the anagen-catagen-Telogen transformation of the murine hair cycle. J Invest Dermatol 102:862-869.
58. Slominski A, Ermak G, Hwang J et al (1995) Proopiomelanocortin, corticotropin releasing hormone and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor genes are expressed in human skin. FEBS Lett 374:113-116.
59. Slominski A, Paus R, Plonka P et al (1996) Pharmacological disruption of hair follicle pigmentation by cyclophosphamide as a model for studying the melanocyte response to and recovery from cytotoxic drug damage in situ. J Invest Dermatol 106(6):1203-1211.
60. Slominski A, Tobin DJ, Shibahara S et al (2004) Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation. Physiol Rev 84:1155-228.
61. Slominski A, Wortsman J, Plonka PM et al (2005) Hair follicle pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 124:13-21.
62. Snell RS (1972) Hormonal control of hair color. In Riley V (ed.) Pigmentation: Its Genesis and Biologic Control. Meredith, New York, pp 193-205.
63. Spritz RA (1997) Piebaldism, Waardenburg syndrome, and related disorders of melanocyte development. Semin Cutan Med Surg 16:15-23.
64. Starrico GJR (1961) Mechanism of migration of the melanocytes of the hair follicle into the epidermis following dermabrasion. J Invest Dermatol 36:99-104.
65. Stenn KS, Paus R (2001) Controls of hair follicle cycling. Physiol Rev 81:449-449.
66. Sugiyama S (1979) Mode of re-differentiation and melanogenesis of melanocytes in murine hair follicle. J Ultrastructural Res 67:40-54.
67. Tang, A., Eller MS, Hara M, Yaar M et al (1994) E-cadherin is the major mediator of human melanocyte adhesion to keratinocytes in vitro. J Cell Sci 107:983-992.
68. Tobin DJ (1998) A possible role for Langerhans cells in the removal of melanin from early catagen hair follicles. Br J Dermatol 138:795-798.
69. Tobin DJ (2003) The ageing hair follicle pigmentary unit. In: Van Neste (ed.) Hair Science and Technology. Skinterface srl, Tournai, Belgium, pp 155-168.
70. Tobin DJ (2004) Biology of hair pigmentation. In: Forslind B, Lindberg M (eds.) Skin, Hair and Nails. Structure and Function. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 319-364.
71. Tobin DJ (2005) Pigmentation of human hair. In: Tobin DJ (ed.) Hair in Toxicology - An Important Biomonitor. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 57-88.
72. Tobin DJ, Bystryn JC (1996) Different populations of melanocytes are present in hair follicles and epidermis. Pigment Cell Res 9:304-310.
73. Tobin DJ, Bystryn JC (2000) Immunology of alopecia areata. In: Camacho FM, Randall VA, Price V (eds.) Hair and Hair Disorders: Research, Pathology and Management. Martin Dunitz, London, pp 187-201.
74. Tobin DJ, Kauser S (2005) Hair melanocytes as neuroendocrine sensors - pigments for our imagination. Mol Cell Endocrinol 243:1-11.
75. Tobin DJ, Paus R (2001) Graying: Gerontobiology of the hair follicle pigmentary unit. Exp Gerontol 36(1):29-54.
76. Tobin DJ, Fenton DA, Kendall MD (1990) Ultrastructural observations on the hair bulb melanocytes and melanosomes in acute alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 94:803-807.
77. Tobin DJ, Colen SR, Bystryn JC (1995) Isolation and long-Term culture of human hair-follicle melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 104:86-89.
78. Tobin DJ, Hagen E, Botchkarev VA et al (1998) Do hair bulb melanocytes undergo apoptosis during hair follicle regression (catagen)? J Invest Dermatol 111:941-947.
79. Tobin DJ, Slominski A, Botchkarev V et al (1999) The fate of hair follicle melanocytes during the hair growth cycle. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 4:323-332.
80. Tobin DJ, Peters EM, Schallreuter KU (2000) Pigment disorders of the hair and nail. In: Hordinsky MK, Sawaya ME, Scher RK (eds.) Atlas of Hair and Nails. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 157-170.
81. Tobin DJ, Swanson NN, Pittelkow MR et al (2000) Melanocytes are not absent in lesional skin of long duration vitiligo. J Pathol 191:407-416.
82. Tobin DJ, Foitzik K, Reinheckel T et al (2002) The lysosomal protease cathepsin L is an important regulator of keratinocyte and melanocyte differentiation during hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. Am J Pathol 160:1807-1821.
83. Van Neste D, Tobin DJ (2004) Hair cycle and dynamic interactions and changes associated with aging. Micron 35:193-200.
84. Vogt A, Mandt N, Lademann J, Schaefer H, Blume- Peytavi U (2005). Follicular targeting - A promising tool in selective dermatotherapy. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 10:252-255.
85. Whiteman DC, Parsons PG, Green AC (1999) Determinants of melanocyte density in adult human skin. Arch Dermatol Res 291:511-516.
86. Wilkins L, Gilchrest BA, Szabo G, Weinstein R, Maciag T (1985) The stimulation of normal human melanocyte proliferation in vitro by melanocyte growth factor from bovine brain. J Cell Physiol 122(3):350-361.
87. Westgate GE, Craggs RI, Gibson WT (1991) Immune privilege in hair growth. J Invest Dermatol 97:417-420.
88. Wood JM, Jimbow K, Boissy RE et al (1999) What's the use of generating melanin? Exp Dermatol 8:153-164.
89. Yada Y, Higuchi K, Imokawa G (1991) Effects of endothelins on signal transduction and proliferation in human melanocytes. J Biol Chem 266:18352-18357.
90. Zhao M, Saito N, Li L et al (2000) A novel approach to gene therapy of albino hair in histoculture with a retroviral streptomyces tyrosinase gene. Pigment Cell Res 13:345-351.