메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue , 2014, Pages 399-423

Dehumanization and infrahumanization

Author keywords

Aggression; Power; Stereotypes; Violence

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; DEHUMANIZATION; HUMAN; MORALITY; MOTIVATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; REVIEW;

EID: 84892177563     PISSN: 00664308     EISSN: 15452085     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (771)

References (109)
  • 1
    • 84870253868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing dehumanization outcomes towards blacks: The role of multiple categorisation and of human identity
    • Albarello F, Rubini M. (2012). Reducing dehumanization outcomes towards blacks: The role of multiple categorisation and of human identity. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 42:875-82
    • (2012) Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.42 , pp. 875-882
    • Albarello, F.1    Rubini, M.2
  • 2
    • 70350540412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attributing human uniqueness and human nature to cultural groups: Distinct forms of subtle dehumanization
    • Bain P, Park J, Kwok C, Haslam N. (2009). Attributing human uniqueness and human nature to cultural groups: Distinct forms of subtle dehumanization. Group Process. Intergr. Relat. 12:789-805
    • (2009) Group Process. Intergr. Relat. , vol.12 , pp. 789-805
    • Bain, P.1    Park, J.2    Kwok, C.3    Haslam, N.4
  • 3
    • 83655164344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folk conceptions of humanness: Beliefs about distinctive and core human characteristics in Australia, Italy, and China
    • Bain P, Vaes J, Kashima Y, Haslam N, Guan Y. (2012). Folk conceptions of humanness: Beliefs about distinctive and core human characteristics in Australia, Italy, and China. J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 43:53-58
    • (2012) J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. , vol.43 , pp. 53-58
    • Bain, P.1    Vaes, J.2    Kashima, Y.3    Haslam, N.4    Guan, Y.5
  • 4
    • 0033247523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities
    • Bandura A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 3:193-209
    • (1999) Personal. Soc. Psychol. Rev. , vol.3 , pp. 193-209
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 6
    • 0001236830 scopus 로고
    • Delegitimization: The extreme case of stereotyping
    • ed. D Bar-Tal, C Grauman, A Kruglanski, WStroebe. New York: Springer
    • Bar-Tal D. (1989). Delegitimization: The extreme case of stereotyping. In Stereotyping and Prejudice: Changing Conceptions, ed. D Bar-Tal, C Grauman, A Kruglanski, WStroebe, pp. 169-88. New York: Springer
    • (1989) Stereotyping and Prejudice: Changing Conceptions , pp. 169-188
    • Bar-Tal, D.1
  • 7
    • 84862155094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When closing the human-Animal divide expands moral concern: The importance of framing
    • Bastian B, Costello K, Loughnan S, Hodson G. (2012). When closing the human-Animal divide expands moral concern: The importance of framing. Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci. 3:421-29
    • (2012) Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 421-429
    • Bastian, B.1    Costello, K.2    Loughnan, S.3    Hodson, G.4
  • 8
    • 84876555138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of dehumanization and moral outrage in retributive justice
    • Bastian B, Denson T, Haslam N. (2013). The roles of dehumanization and moral outrage in retributive justice. PLoS ONE 8(4):e61842
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , Issue.4
    • Bastian, B.1    Denson, T.2    Haslam, N.3
  • 9
    • 70449658837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excluded from humanity: Ostracism and dehumanization
    • Bastian B, Haslam N. (2010). Excluded from humanity: Ostracism and dehumanization. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 46:107-13
    • (2010) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.46 , pp. 107-113
    • Bastian, B.1    Haslam, N.2
  • 10
    • 84856081098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiencing dehumanization: Cognitive and emotional effects of everyday dehumanization
    • Bastian B, Haslam N. (2011). Experiencing dehumanization: Cognitive and emotional effects of everyday dehumanization. Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. 33:295-303
    • (2011) Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. , vol.33 , pp. 295-303
    • Bastian, B.1    Haslam, N.2
  • 12
    • 84857138759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyber-dehumanization: Violent video game playing diminishes our humanity
    • Bastian B, Jetten J, Radke H. (2012). Cyber-dehumanization: Violent video game playing diminishes our humanity. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 48:486-91
    • (2012) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.48 , pp. 486-491
    • Bastian, B.1    Jetten, J.2    Radke, H.3
  • 13
    • 80052408217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blaming, praising, and protecting our humanity: The implications of everyday dehumanization for judgments of moral status
    • Bastian B, Laham S, Wilson S, Haslam N, Koval P. (2011). Blaming, praising, and protecting our humanity: The implications of everyday dehumanization for judgments of moral status. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 50:469-83
    • (2011) Br. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.50 , pp. 469-483
    • Bastian, B.1    Laham, S.2    Wilson, S.3    Haslam, N.4    Koval, P.5
  • 14
  • 15
    • 84861747067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating sexual objectification with object versus person recognition: The sexualized body-inversion hypothesis
    • Bernard P, Gervais S, Allen J, Campomizzi S, Klein O. (2012). Integrating sexual objectification with object versus person recognition: The sexualized body-inversion hypothesis. Psychol. Sci. 23:469-71
    • (2012) Psychol. Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 469-471
    • Bernard, P.1    Gervais, S.2    Allen, J.3    Campomizzi, S.4    Klein, O.5
  • 16
    • 79951826315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The humanity of what we eat: Conceptions of human uniqueness among vegetarians and omnivores
    • Bilewicz M, Imhoff R, Drogosz M. (2011). The humanity of what we eat: Conceptions of human uniqueness among vegetarians and omnivores. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 41:201-9
    • (2011) Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.41 , pp. 201-209
    • Bilewicz, M.1    Imhoff, R.2    Drogosz, M.3
  • 17
    • 61649120373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The missing link: Ingroup, outgroup, and the human species
    • Boccato G, Capozza D, Falvo R, Durante F. (2008). The missing link: Ingroup, outgroup, and the human species. Soc. Cogn. 26:224-34
    • (2008) Soc. Cogn. , vol.26 , pp. 224-234
    • Boccato, G.1    Capozza, D.2    Falvo, R.3    Durante, F.4
  • 18
    • 80955176466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Categorization as food reduces moral concern for animals
    • Bratanova B, Loughnan S, Bastian B. (2011). Categorization as food reduces moral concern for animals. Appetite 57:193-96
    • (2011) Appetite , vol.57 , pp. 193-196
    • Bratanova, B.1    Loughnan, S.2    Bastian, B.3
  • 22
    • 33745204647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not quite human: Infrahumanization in response to collective responsibility for intergroup killing
    • Castano E, Giner-Sorolla R. (2006). Not quite human: Infrahumanization in response to collective responsibility for intergroup killing. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 90:804-18
    • (2006) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.90 , pp. 804-818
    • Castano, E.1    Giner-Sorolla, R.2
  • 23
    • 70350553772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do I care? Perceived ingroup responsibility and dehumanization as predictors of empathy felt for the victim group
    • Cehajic S, Brown R, Gonzalez R. (2009). What do I care? Perceived ingroup responsibility and dehumanization as predictors of empathy felt for the victim group. Group Process. Intergr. Relat. 12:715-29
    • (2009) Group Process. Intergr. Relat. , vol.12 , pp. 715-729
    • Cehajic, S.1    Brown, R.2    Gonzalez, R.3
  • 24
    • 78650324659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From agents to objects: Sexist attitudes and neural responses to sexualized targets
    • Cikara M, Eberhardt J, Fiske S. (2011). From agents to objects: Sexist attitudes and neural responses to sexualized targets. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 3:540-51
    • (2011) J. Cogn. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 540-551
    • Cikara, M.1    Eberhardt, J.2    Fiske, S.3
  • 25
    • 72549117451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the roots of dehumanization: The role of animal-human similarity in promoting immigrant humanization
    • Costello K, Hodson G. (2010). Exploring the roots of dehumanization: The role of animal-human similarity in promoting immigrant humanization. Group Process. Intergr. Relat. 13:3-22
    • (2010) Group Process. Intergr. Relat. , vol.13 , pp. 3-22
    • Costello, K.1    Hodson, G.2
  • 26
    • 84892164709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining dehumanization among children: The interspecies model of prejudice
    • In Press
    • Costello K, Hodson G. (2013). Explaining dehumanization among children: The interspecies model of prejudice. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. In Press
    • (2013) Br. J. Soc. Psychol.
    • Costello, K.1    Hodson, G.2
  • 27
    • 33846241680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aid in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina: Inferences of secondary emotions and intergroup helping
    • Cuddy A, Rock M, Norton M. (2007). Aid in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina: Inferences of secondary emotions and intergroup helping. Group Process. Intergr. Relat. 10:107-18
    • (2007) Group Process. Intergr. Relat. , vol.10 , pp. 107-118
    • Cuddy, A.1    Rock, M.2    Norton, M.3
  • 28
    • 70449604899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infra-humanization of ethnic minorities: The moderating role of ideology
    • DeLuca-McLean D, Castano E. (2009). Infra-humanization of ethnic minorities: The moderating role of ideology. Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. 31:102-8
    • (2009) Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. , vol.31 , pp. 102-108
    • DeLuca-McLean, D.1    Castano, E.2
  • 29
    • 38949143641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When we need a human: Motivational determinants of anthropomorphism
    • Epley N, Waytz A, Akalis S, Cacioppo J. (2008). When we need a human: Motivational determinants of anthropomorphism. Soc. Cogn. 19:114-20
    • (2008) Soc. Cogn. , vol.19 , pp. 114-120
    • Epley, N.1    Waytz, A.2    Akalis, S.3    Cacioppo, J.4
  • 30
    • 36049022160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism
    • Epley N, Waytz A, Cacioppo J. (2007). On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychol. Rev. 114:864-86
    • (2007) Psychol. Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 864-886
    • Epley, N.1    Waytz, A.2    Cacioppo, J.3
  • 32
    • 84868090088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to be good (or bad): On the fakeability of dehumanization and prejudice against outgroups
    • Eyssel F, Ribas X. (2012). How to be good (or bad): On the fakeability of dehumanization and prejudice against outgroups. Group Process. Intergr. Relat. 15:804-12
    • (2012) Group Process. Intergr. Relat. , vol.15 , pp. 804-812
    • Eyssel, F.1    Ribas, X.2
  • 33
    • 85036165718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition
    • Fiske S, Cuddy A, Glick P, Xu J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 82:878-902
    • (2002) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.82 , pp. 878-902
    • Fiske, S.1    Cuddy, A.2    Glick, P.3    Xu, J.4
  • 34
    • 39049127510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences
    • Goff P, Eberhardt J, Williams M, Jackson M. (2008). Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 94:292-306
    • (2008) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.94 , pp. 292-306
    • Goff, P.1    Eberhardt, J.2    Williams, M.3    Jackson, M.4
  • 36
    • 33846847954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of mind perception
    • Gray H, Gray K, Wegner D. (2007). Dimensions of mind perception. Science 315:619
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 619
    • Gray, H.1    Gray, K.2    Wegner, D.3
  • 38
    • 84862151710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awareness of common humanity reduces empathy and heightens expectations of forgiveness for temporally distant wrongdoing
    • Greenaway K, Louis W, Wohl M. (2012). Awareness of common humanity reduces empathy and heightens expectations of forgiveness for temporally distant wrongdoing. Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci. 3:446-54
    • (2012) Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 446-454
    • Greenaway, K.1    Louis, W.2    Wohl, M.3
  • 39
    • 79955764158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Denying humanness to others: A newly discovered mechanism by which violent video games increase aggressive behavior
    • Greitemeyer T, McLatchie N. (2011). Denying humanness to others: A newly discovered mechanism by which violent video games increase aggressive behavior. Psychol. Sci. 22:659-65
    • (2011) Psychol. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 659-665
    • Greitemeyer, T.1    McLatchie, N.2
  • 40
    • 84873529247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less power = less human? Effects of power differentials on dehumanization
    • Gwinn J, Judd C, Park B. (2013). Less power = less human? Effects of power differentials on dehumanization. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 49:464-70
    • (2013) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.49 , pp. 464-470
    • Gwinn, J.1    Judd, C.2    Park, B.3
  • 41
    • 84857931944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanization in medicine: Causes, solutions, and functions
    • Haque O, Waytz A. (2012). Dehumanization in medicine: Causes, solutions, and functions. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 7:176-86
    • (2012) Perspect. Psychol. Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 176-186
    • Haque, O.1    Waytz, A.2
  • 42
    • 33750801270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups
    • Harris L, Fiske S. (2006). Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychol. Sci. 17:847-53
    • (2006) Psychol. Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 847-853
    • Harris, L.1    Fiske, S.2
  • 43
    • 84855658871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanized perception: A psychological means to facilitate atrocities, torture, and genocide?
    • Harris L, Fiske S. (2011). Dehumanized perception: A psychological means to facilitate atrocities, torture, and genocide? Z. Psychol. /J. Psychol. 219:175-81
    • (2011) Z. Psychol. /J. Psychol. , vol.219 , pp. 175-181
    • Harris, L.1    Fiske, S.2
  • 44
    • 33748463442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanization: An integrative review
    • Haslam N. (2006). Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 10:252-64
    • (2006) Personal. Soc. Psychol. Rev. , vol.10 , pp. 252-264
    • Haslam, N.1
  • 45
    • 38449122097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humanising medical practice: The role of empathy
    • Haslam N. (2007). Humanising medical practice: The role of empathy. Med. J. Aust. 187:381-82
    • (2007) Med. J. Aust. , vol.187 , pp. 381-382
    • Haslam, N.1
  • 46
    • 33845574561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humanizing the self: Moderators of the attribution of lesser humanness to others
    • Haslam N, Bain P. (2007). Humanizing the self: Moderators of the attribution of lesser humanness to others. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 33:57-68
    • (2007) Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. , vol.33 , pp. 57-68
    • Haslam, N.1    Bain, P.2
  • 48
    • 61649122572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subhuman, inhuman, and superhuman: Contrasting humans with nonhumans in three cultures
    • Haslam N, Kashima Y, Loughnan S, Shi J, Suitner C. (2008). Subhuman, inhuman, and superhuman: Contrasting humans with nonhumans in three cultures. Soc. Cogn. 26:248-58
    • (2008) Soc. Cogn. , vol.26 , pp. 248-258
    • Haslam, N.1    Kashima, Y.2    Loughnan, S.3    Shi, J.4    Suitner, C.5
  • 49
    • 80051950345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beastly: What makes animal metaphors offensive?
    • Haslam N, Loughnan S, Sun P. (2011). Beastly: What makes animal metaphors offensive? J. Lang. Soc. Psychol. 30:311-25
    • (2011) J. Lang. Soc. Psychol. , vol.30 , pp. 311-325
    • Haslam, N.1    Loughnan, S.2    Sun, P.3
  • 50
    • 64049119517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectifying Sarah Palin: Evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human
    • Heflick N, Goldenberg J. (2009). Objectifying Sarah Palin: Evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 45:598-601
    • (2009) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.45 , pp. 598-601
    • Heflick, N.1    Goldenberg, J.2
  • 51
    • 79952818575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From women to objects: Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence
    • Heflick N, Goldenberg J, Cooper D, Puvia E. (2011). From women to objects: Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 47:572-81
    • (2011) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.47 , pp. 572-581
    • Heflick, N.1    Goldenberg, J.2    Cooper, D.3    Puvia, E.4
  • 52
    • 34547580950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal disgust, ideological orientations, and dehumanization as predictors of intergroup attitudes
    • Hodson G, Costello K. (2007). Interpersonal disgust, ideological orientations, and dehumanization as predictors of intergroup attitudes. Psychol. Sci. 18:691-98
    • (2007) Psychol. Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 691-698
    • Hodson, G.1    Costello, K.2
  • 53
    • 84878375194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing human: Distinct and overlapping neural signatures associated with two forms of dehumanization
    • Jack A, Dawson A, Norr M. (2013). Seeing human: Distinct and overlapping neural signatures associated with two forms of dehumanization. NeuroImage 79:313-28
    • (2013) NeuroImage , vol.79 , pp. 313-328
    • Jack, A.1    Dawson, A.2    Norr, M.3
  • 54
    • 77954633793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of moral disengagement and their differential use by right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation in support of war
    • Jackson L, Gaertner L. (2010). Mechanisms of moral disengagement and their differential use by right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation in support of war. Aggress. Behav. 36:238-50
    • (2010) Aggress. Behav. , vol.36 , pp. 238-250
    • Jackson, L.1    Gaertner, L.2
  • 56
    • 33748440775 scopus 로고
    • Violence without restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers
    • ed G Kren, L Rappoport. New York: Springer
    • Kelman H. (1976). Violence without restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. In Varieties of Psychohistory, ed. G Kren, L Rappoport, pp. 282-314. New York: Springer
    • (1976) Varieties of Psychohistory , pp. 282-314
    • Kelman, H.1
  • 57
    • 84857180020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our flaws are more human than yours: Ingroup bias in humanizing negative characteristics
    • Koval P, Laham S, Haslam N, Bastian B, Whelan J. (2012). Our flaws are more human than yours: Ingroup bias in humanizing negative characteristics. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 38:283-95
    • (2012) Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. , vol.38 , pp. 283-295
    • Koval, P.1    Laham, S.2    Haslam, N.3    Bastian, B.4    Whelan, J.5
  • 58
    • 33744754366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do I think you are doing? Action identification and mind attribution
    • Kozak M, Marsh A, Wegner D. (2006). What do I think you are doing? Action identification and mind attribution. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 90:543-55
    • (2006) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.90 , pp. 543-555
    • Kozak, M.1    Marsh, A.2    Wegner, D.3
  • 60
    • 84873477618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanization, retributive and restorative justice, and aggressive versus diplomatic intergroup conflict resolution strategies
    • Leidner B, Castano E, Ginges J. (2013). Dehumanization, retributive and restorative justice, and aggressive versus diplomatic intergroup conflict resolution strategies. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 39:181-92
    • (2013) Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. , vol.39 , pp. 181-192
    • Leidner, B.1    Castano, E.2    Ginges, J.3
  • 63
    • 0035402728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups
    • Leyens J-P, Rodriguez-Torres R, Rodriguez-Perez A, Gaunt R, Paladino M, et al. (2001). Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 81:395-411
    • (2001) Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.81 , pp. 395-411
    • Leyens, J.-P.1    Rodriguez-Torres, R.2    Rodriguez-Perez, A.3    Gaunt, R.4    Paladino, M.5
  • 64
    • 58549090309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggression, narcissism, self-esteem, and the attribution of desirable and humanizing traits to self versus others
    • Locke K. (2009). Aggression, narcissism, self-esteem, and the attribution of desirable and humanizing traits to self versus others. J. Res. Personal. 43:99-102
    • (2009) J. Res. Personal. , vol.43 , pp. 99-102
    • Locke, K.1
  • 65
    • 33947644736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animals and androids: Implicit associations between social categories and nonhumans
    • Loughnan S, Haslam N. (2007). Animals and androids: Implicit associations between social categories and nonhumans. Psychol. Sci. 18:116-21
    • (2007) Psychol. Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 116-121
    • Loughnan, S.1    Haslam, N.2
  • 66
    • 77953961132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of meat consumption in the denial of moral status and mind to meat animals
    • Loughnan S, Haslam N, Bastian B. (2010). The role of meat consumption in the denial of moral status and mind to meat animals. Appetite 55:156-59
    • (2010) Appetite , vol.55 , pp. 156-159
    • Loughnan, S.1    Haslam, N.2    Bastian, B.3
  • 67
    • 77955274223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectification leads to depersonalization: The denial of mind and moral concern to objectified others
    • Loughnan S, Haslam N, Murnane T, Vaes J, Reynolds C, Suitner C. (2010). Objectification leads to depersonalization: The denial of mind and moral concern to objectified others. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 40:709-17
    • (2010) Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.40 , pp. 709-717
    • Loughnan, S.1    Haslam, N.2    Murnane, T.3    Vaes, J.4    Reynolds, C.5    Suitner, C.6
  • 68
    • 84892168069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanization and social class: Animality in stereotypes of white trash, chavs, " and "bogans
    • In Press
    • Loughnan S, Haslam N, Sutton R, Spencer B. (2013). Dehumanization and social class: Animality in stereotypes of "white trash, chavs, " and "bogans. " Soc. Psychol. In Press
    • (2013) Soc. Psychol.
    • Loughnan, S.1    Haslam, N.2    Sutton, R.3    Spencer, B.4
  • 69
  • 70
    • 84868157605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergroup bias toward group x evidence of prejudice, dehumanization, avoidance, and discrimination against bisexuals
    • MacInnis C, Hodson G. (2012). Intergroup bias toward "Group X": Evidence of prejudice, dehumanization, avoidance, and discrimination against bisexuals. Group Process. Intergr. Relat. 15:725-43
    • (2012) Group Process. Intergr. Relat. , vol.15 , pp. 725-743
    • MacInnis, C.1    Hodson, G.2
  • 71
    • 84867637119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human factor: Behavioral and neural correlates of humanized perception in moral decision making
    • Majdandžić J, Bauer H, Windischberger C, Moser E, Engl E, Lamm C. (2012). The human factor: Behavioral and neural correlates of humanized perception in moral decision making. PLoS ONE 7:e47698
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Majdandžić, J.1    Bauer, H.2    Windischberger, C.3    Moser, E.4    Engl, E.5    Lamm, C.6
  • 72
    • 38349041674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threat, dehumanization, and support for retaliatory aggressive policies in asymmetric conflict
    • Maoz I, McCauley C. (2008). Threat, dehumanization, and support for retaliatory aggressive policies in asymmetric conflict. J. Confl. Resolut. 52:93-116
    • (2008) J. Confl. Resolut. , vol.52 , pp. 93-116
    • Maoz, I.1    McCauley, C.2
  • 73
    • 79951641427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The power of a label: Mental illness diagnoses, ascribed humanity, and social rejection
    • Martinez A, Piff P, Mendoza-Denton R, Hinshaw S. (2011). The power of a label: Mental illness diagnoses, ascribed humanity, and social rejection. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. 30:1-23
    • (2011) J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. , vol.30 , pp. 1-23
    • Martinez, A.1    Piff, P.2    Mendoza-Denton, R.3    Hinshaw, S.4
  • 74
    • 84871231910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are they animals or machines?Measuring dehumanization
    • Martinez R, Rodriguez-Bailon R, Moya M. (2012). Are they animals or machines?Measuring dehumanization. Span. J. Psychol. 15:1110-22
    • (2012) Span. J. Psychol. , vol.15 , pp. 1110-1122
    • Martinez, R.1    Rodriguez-Bailon, R.2    Moya, M.3
  • 75
    • 78751637612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral duty or moral defence? The effects of perceiving shared humanity with the victims of ingroup perpetrated harm
    • Morton T, Postmes T. (2011). Moral duty or moral defence? The effects of perceiving shared humanity with the victims of ingroup perpetrated harm. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 41:127-34
    • (2011) Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.41 , pp. 127-134
    • Morton, T.1    Postmes, T.2
  • 76
    • 70449685749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When animals attack: The effects of mortality salience, infrahumanization of violence, and authoritarianism on support for war
    • Motyl M, Hart J, Pyszczynski T. (2009). When animals attack: The effects of mortality salience, infrahumanization of violence, and authoritarianism on support for war. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 46:200-3
    • (2009) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.46 , pp. 200-203
    • Motyl, M.1    Hart, J.2    Pyszczynski, T.3
  • 77
    • 79251469046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral disengagement in self-reported and peer-nominated bullying
    • Obermann M. (2011). Moral disengagement in self-reported and peer-nominated bullying. Aggress. Behav. 37:133-44
    • (2011) Aggress. Behav. , vol.37 , pp. 133-144
    • Obermann, M.1
  • 78
    • 84979385914 scopus 로고
    • Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction
    • Opotow S. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. J. Soc. Issues Policy Rev. 46:1-20
    • (1990) J. Soc. Issues Policy Rev. , vol.46 , pp. 1-20
    • Opotow, S.1
  • 80
    • 67649099426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ours is human: On the pervasiveness of infra-humanization in intergroup relations
    • Paladino M, Vaes J. (2009). Ours is human: On the pervasiveness of infra-humanization in intergroup relations. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 48:237-51
    • (2009) Br. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.48 , pp. 237-251
    • Paladino, M.1    Vaes, J.2
  • 81
    • 84862154313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relational to the core: Beliefs about human nature in Japan, Korea, and Australia
    • Park J, Haslam N, Kashima Y. (2012). Relational to the core: Beliefs about human nature in Japan, Korea, and Australia. J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 43:774-83
    • (2012) J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. , vol.43 , pp. 774-783
    • Park, J.1    Haslam, N.2    Kashima, Y.3
  • 82
    • 84878766064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More human than others, but not always better: The robustness of self-humanizing across cultures and interpersonal comparisons
    • Park J, Haslam N, Shimizu H, Kashima Y, Uchida Y. (2013). More human than others, but not always better: The robustness of self-humanizing across cultures and interpersonal comparisons. J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 44:671-83
    • (2013) J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. , vol.44 , pp. 671-683
    • Park, J.1    Haslam, N.2    Shimizu, H.3    Kashima, Y.4    Uchida, Y.5
  • 83
    • 84870251903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Everybody feels a broken bone, but only we can feel a broken heart Group membership influences the perception of targets' suffering
    • Riva P, Andrighetto L. (2012). "Everybody feels a broken bone, but only we can feel a broken heart": Group membership influences the perception of targets' suffering. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 42:801-6
    • (2012) Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.42 , pp. 801-806
    • Riva, P.1    Andrighetto, L.2
  • 84
    • 80052764707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrahumanization of outgroups throughout the world: The role of similarity, intergroup friendship, knowledge of the outgroup, and status
    • Rodriguez-Perez A, Delgado-Rodriguez N, Betancor-Rodriguez V, Leyens J-P, Vaes J. (2011). Infrahumanization of outgroups throughout the world: The role of similarity, intergroup friendship, knowledge of the outgroup, and status. An. Psicol. 27:679-87
    • (2011) An. Psicol. , vol.27 , pp. 679-687
    • Rodriguez-Perez, A.1    Delgado-Rodriguez, N.2    Betancor-Rodriguez, V.3    Leyens, J.-P.4    Vaes, J.5
  • 85
    • 84861665874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of animals and objects: Men's implicit dehumanization of women and likelihood of sexual aggression
    • Rudman L, Mescher K. (2012). Of animals and objects: Men's implicit dehumanization of women and likelihood of sexual aggression. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 38:734-46
    • (2012) Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. , vol.38 , pp. 734-746
    • Rudman, L.1    Mescher, K.2
  • 86
    • 77952760575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afterimages of savages: Implicit associations between primitives, animals and children
    • Saminaden A, Loughnan S, Haslam N. (2010). Afterimages of savages: Implicit associations between "primitives, " animals and children. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 49:91-105
    • (2010) Br. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.49 , pp. 91-105
    • Saminaden, A.1    Loughnan, S.2    Haslam, N.3
  • 87
    • 84876134790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern genocidal dehumanization: A new model
    • Savage R. (2013). Modern genocidal dehumanization: A new model. Patterns Prejudice 47:139-61
    • (2013) Patterns Prejudice , vol.47 , pp. 139-161
    • Savage, R.1
  • 88
    • 0003187922 scopus 로고
    • Values, stereotypes, and intergroup antagonism
    • ed. D Bar-Tal, C Grauman, A Kruglanski, W Stroebe. New York
    • Schwartz S, Struch N. (1989). Values, stereotypes, and intergroup antagonism. In Stereotypes and Prejudice: Changing Conceptions, ed. D Bar-Tal, C Grauman, A Kruglanski, W Stroebe, pp. 151-67. New York
    • (1989) Stereotypes and Prejudice: Changing Conceptions , pp. 151-167
    • Schwartz, S.1    Struch, N.2
  • 92
    • 38149082229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideologies of moral exclusion: A critical discursive reframing of depersonalization, delegitimization and dehumanization
    • Tileaga C. (2007). Ideologies of moral exclusion: A critical discursive reframing of depersonalization, delegitimization and dehumanization. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 46:717-37
    • (2007) Br. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.46 , pp. 717-737
    • Tileaga, C.1
  • 93
    • 0141707126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: Time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-Awareness
    • Twenge J, Catanese K, Baumeister R. (2003). Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: Time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-Awareness. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 85:409-23
    • (2003) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.85 , pp. 409-423
    • Twenge, J.1    Catanese, K.2    Baumeister, R.3
  • 94
    • 77953167036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We are people in-group humanization as an existential defense
    • Vaes J, Heflick N, Goldenberg J. (2010). "We are people": In-group humanization as an existential defense. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 98:750-60
    • (2010) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.98 , pp. 750-760
    • Vaes, J.1    Heflick, N.2    Goldenberg, J.3
  • 95
    • 84874986432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defensive dehumanization in the medical practice: A cross-sectional study from a health care worker's perspective
    • Vaes J, Muratore M. (2013). Defensive dehumanization in the medical practice: A cross-sectional study from a health care worker's perspective. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 52:180-90
    • (2013) Br. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.52 , pp. 180-190
    • Vaes, J.1    Muratore, M.2
  • 97
    • 0348252298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the behavioral consequences of infrahumanization: The implicit role of uniquely human emotions
    • Vaes J, Paladino M, Castelli L, Leyens J-P, Giovanazzi A. (2003). On the behavioral consequences of infrahumanization: The implicit role of uniquely human emotions. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 85:1016-34
    • (2003) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.85 , pp. 1016-1034
    • Vaes, J.1    Paladino, M.2    Castelli, L.3    Leyens, J.-P.4    Giovanazzi, A.5
  • 98
    • 0036984354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lost e-mail: Prosocial reactions induced by uniquely human emotions
    • Vaes J, Paladino M, Leyens J-P. (2002). The lost e-mail: Prosocial reactions induced by uniquely human emotions. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 41:521-34
    • (2002) Br. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.41 , pp. 521-534
    • Vaes, J.1    Paladino, M.2    Leyens, J.-P.3
  • 99
    • 79959800090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are sexualized females complete human beings? Why males and females dehumanize sexually objectified women
    • Vaes J, Paladino M, Puvia E. (2011). Are sexualized females complete human beings? Why males and females dehumanize sexually objectified women. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 41:774-85
    • (2011) Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.41 , pp. 774-785
    • Vaes, J.1    Paladino, M.2    Puvia, E.3
  • 100
    • 82655173797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing outgroup trust, reducing infrahumanization, and enhancing future contact intentions via imagined intergroup contact
    • Vezzali L, Capozza D, Stathi S, Giovanni D. (2012). Increasing outgroup trust, reducing infrahumanization, and enhancing future contact intentions via imagined intergroup contact. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 48:437-40
    • (2012) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.48 , pp. 437-440
    • Vezzali, L.1    Capozza, D.2    Stathi, S.3    Giovanni, D.4
  • 101
    • 0141686855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infra-humanization: Ambivalent sexism and the attribution of primary and secondary emotions to women
    • Viki G, Abrams D. (2003). Infra-humanization: Ambivalent sexism and the attribution of primary and secondary emotions to women. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 39:492-99
    • (2003) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.39 , pp. 492-499
    • Viki, G.1    Abrams, D.2
  • 102
    • 54949091502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrahuman outgroup or suprahuman ingroup: The role of nationalism and patriotism in the infrahumanization of outgroups
    • Viki G, Calitri R. (2008). Infrahuman outgroup or suprahuman ingroup: The role of nationalism and patriotism in the infrahumanization of outgroups. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 38:1054-61
    • (2008) Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. , vol.38 , pp. 1054-1061
    • Viki, G.1    Calitri, R.2
  • 103
    • 84867790319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of dehumanization in attitudes toward the social exclusion and rehabilitation of sex offenders
    • Viki G, Fullerton I, Raggett H, Tait F, Wiltshire S. (2012). The role of dehumanization in attitudes toward the social exclusion and rehabilitation of sex offenders. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 42:2349-67
    • (2012) J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. , vol.42 , pp. 2349-2367
    • Viki, G.1    Fullerton, I.2    Raggett, H.3    Tait, F.4    Wiltshire, S.5
  • 104
    • 84872369825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanization and self-reported proclivity to torture prisoners of war
    • Viki G, Osgood D, Phillips S. (2013). Dehumanization and self-reported proclivity to torture prisoners of war. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 49:325-28
    • (2013) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.49 , pp. 325-328
    • Viki, G.1    Osgood, D.2    Phillips, S.3
  • 105
    • 35548953058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond secondary emotions: The infra-humanization of groups using human-related and animal-related words
    • Viki G, Winchester L, Titshall L, Chisango T, Pina A, Russell R. (2006). Beyond secondary emotions: The infra-humanization of groups using human-related and animal-related words. Soc. Cogn. 24:753-75
    • (2006) Soc. Cogn. , vol.24 , pp. 753-775
    • Viki, G.1    Winchester, L.2    Titshall, L.3    Chisango, T.4    Pina, A.5    Russell, R.6
  • 106
    • 82655162108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social connection enables dehumanization
    • Waytz A, Epley N. (2012). Social connection enables dehumanization. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 48:70-76
    • (2012) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.48 , pp. 70-76
    • Waytz, A.1    Epley, N.2
  • 108
    • 84861141596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why group apologies succeed and fail: Intergroup forgiveness and the role of primary and secondary emotions
    • Wohl M, Hornsey M, Bennett S. (2012). Why group apologies succeed and fail: Intergroup forgiveness and the role of primary and secondary emotions. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 102:306-22
    • (2012) J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , vol.102 , pp. 306-322
    • Wohl, M.1    Hornsey, M.2    Bennett, S.3
  • 109
    • 40249115014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanization and guilt as distinct but related predictors of support for reparation policies
    • Zebel S, Zimmermann A, Viki G, Doosje B. (2008). Dehumanization and guilt as distinct but related predictors of support for reparation policies. Polit. Psychol. 29:193-219
    • (2008) Polit. Psychol. , vol.29 , pp. 193-219
    • Zebel, S.1    Zimmermann, A.2    Viki, G.3    Doosje, B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.