Universal biases in self-perception: Better and more human than average

British Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 627-636

  Loughnan, Steve ^a   Leidner, Bernhard ^b   Doron, Guy ^c   Haslam, Nick ^a   Kashima, Yoshihisa ^a   Tong, Jennifer ^d   Yeung, Victoria ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^c INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTER   (Israel)

^d SINGAPORE MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^e HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CULTURAL FACTOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMANISM; INDIVIDUALITY; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INTERNET; MALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; DATA COLLECTION; FEMALE; HUMANISM; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; INTERNET; MALE; PREJUDICE; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; STUDENTS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77957771497     PISSN: 01446665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/014466610X487779     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Alicke, M., & Govorun, O. (2005). The better-than-average effect. In M. Alicke, D. Dunning, & J. Krueger (Eds.), Studies in self and identity (pp. 85-108). New York: Psychology Press.
2. Bain, P., Park, J., Kwok, C., & Haslam, N. (2009). Attributing human uniqueness and human nature to cultural groups: Distinct forms of subtle dehumanization. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12, 789-805. doi:10.1177/1368430209340415
3. Baumeister, R., Campbell, J., Krueger, J., & Vohs, K. (2001). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1-44. doi:10.1111/1529-1006.01431
4. Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
5. Brewer, M., & Chen, Y. (2007). Where (who) are collectives in collectivism? Toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism. Psychological Review, 114, 133-151. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.133
6. Castano, E., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2006). Not quite human: Infra-humanization in response to collective responsibility for intergroup killing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 804-818. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.804
7. Cortes, B., Demoulin, S., Rodriguez, R., Rodriguez, T., & Leyens, J.-P. (2005). Infrahumanization or familiarity? Attribution of uniquely human emotions to the self, the ingroup, and the outgroup. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 243-253. doi:10.1177/0146167204271421
8. Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1992). NEO-PI-R professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
9. Cuddy, A., Rock, M., & Norton, M. (2007). Aid in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina: Inferences of secondary emotions and intergroup helping. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 10, 107-118. doi:10.1177/1368430207071344
10. Haslam, N. (2006). Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3), 252-264. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4
11. Haslam, N., & Bain, P. (2007). Humanizing the self: Moderators of the attribution of lesser humanness to others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 57-68. doi:10.1177/0146167206293191
12. Haslam, N., Bain, P., Douge, L., Lee, M., & Bastian, B. (2005). More human than you: Attributing humanness to self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 937-950. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.937
13. Heine, S., & Hamamura, T. (2007). In search of East Asian self-enhancement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 4-27. doi:10.1177/1088868306294587
14. Heine, S., Kitayama, S., & Hamamura, T. (2007). Inclusion of additional studies yields different conclusions: Comment on Sedikides, Gaertner, & Vevea (2005), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 49-58. doi:10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00211.x
15. Heine, S., Lehman, D., Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766-794. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.766
16. Kreft, I., & de Leeuw, J. (1998). Introducing multilevel modeling. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
17. Leyens, J., Paladino, P., Rodriguez, R., Vaes, J., Demoulin, S., Rodriguez, A., & Gaunt, R. (2000). The emotional side of prejudice: The attribution of secondary emotions to ingroups and outgroups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(2), 186-197. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_06
18. Leyens, J., Rodriguez, A., Rodriguez, R., Gaunt, R., Paladino, P., Vaes, J., & Demoulin, S. (2001). Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 395-411. doi:10.1002/ejsp.50
19. Loughnan, S., Haslam, N., & Kashima, Y. (2009). Understanding the relationship between attribute-based and metaphor-based dehumanization. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12, 747-762. doi:10.1177/1368430209347726
20. Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
21. Oyserman, D., Coon, H., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3-72. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3
22. Raudenbush, S., & Bryk, A. (2002). Hierarchical linear models (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
23. Saminaden, A., Loughnan, S., & Haslam, N. (2010). Afterimages of savages: Implicit associations between 'primitives', animals and children. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 91-105. doi:10.1348/014466609X415293
24. Schwartz, S. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1-65). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
25. Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Vevea, J. (2005). Pancultural self-enhancement reloaded: A meta-analytic reply to Heine (2005). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 539-551. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.539
26. Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Vevea, J. (2007). Inclusion of theory-relevant moderators yield the same conclusions as Sedikides, Gaertner, and Vevea (2005): A meta-analytical reply to Heine, Kitayama, and Hamamura (2007). Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 59-67. doi:10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00212.x
27. Sedikides, C., & Gregg, A. (2008). Self-enhancement: Food for thought. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 102-116. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00068.x
28. Thomsen, L., Sidanius, J., & Fiske, A. (2007). Interpersonal leveling, independence, and self-enhancement: A comparison between Denmark and the USA, and a relational practice framework for cultural psychology. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 445-469. doi:10.1002/ejsp.366
29. Triandis, H. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506-520. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.506
30. Vaes, J., Paladino, M., & Leyens, J. (2006). Priming uniquely human emotions and the in-group (but not the out-group) activates humanity concepts. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 169-181. doi:10.1002/ejsp.279