메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 15-29

Reconsidering the (in)sensitivity of evaluative conditioning to reinforcement density and CS-US contingency

Author keywords

Contiguity; Contiguity memory; Contingency; Contingency judgments; Evaluative conditioning; Reinforcement density; Valence awareness

Indexed keywords


EID: 84891148686     PISSN: 00239690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2013.09.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0001314392 scopus 로고
    • A note on measurement of contingency between two binary variables in judgement tasks
    • Allan L.G. A note on measurement of contingency between two binary variables in judgement tasks. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1980, 15:147-149.
    • (1980) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.15 , pp. 147-149
    • Allan, L.G.1
  • 3
    • 0026517709 scopus 로고
    • Human evaluative conditioning: Acquisition trials, presentation schedule, evaluative style and contingency awareness
    • Baeyens F., Eelen P., Crombez G., Van den Bergh O. Human evaluative conditioning: Acquisition trials, presentation schedule, evaluative style and contingency awareness. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1992, 30:133-142.
    • (1992) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.30 , pp. 133-142
    • Baeyens, F.1    Eelen, P.2    Crombez, G.3    Van den Bergh, O.4
  • 4
    • 0027490391 scopus 로고
    • The role of CS-US contingency in human evaluative conditioning
    • Baeyens F., Hermans D., Eelen P. The role of CS-US contingency in human evaluative conditioning. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1993, 31:731-737.
    • (1993) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.31 , pp. 731-737
    • Baeyens, F.1    Hermans, D.2    Eelen, P.3
  • 5
    • 78649890682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning and conscious knowledge of contingencies: A correlational investigation with large samples
    • Bar-Anan Y., De Houwer J., Nosek B.A. Evaluative conditioning and conscious knowledge of contingencies: A correlational investigation with large samples. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2010, 63:2313-2335.
    • (2010) The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 2313-2335
    • Bar-Anan, Y.1    De Houwer, J.2    Nosek, B.A.3
  • 6
    • 0030612822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Psychophysics Toolbox
    • Brainard D.H. The Psychophysics Toolbox. Spatial Vision 1997, 10:443-446.
    • (1997) Spatial Vision , vol.10 , pp. 443-446
    • Brainard, D.H.1
  • 7
    • 0028125954 scopus 로고
    • Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning?
    • Davey G.C.L. Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning?. Behavior Research and Therapy 1994, 32:291-299.
    • (1994) Behavior Research and Therapy , vol.32 , pp. 291-299
    • Davey, G.C.L.1
  • 8
    • 35748940665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conceptual and theoretical analysis of evaluative conditioning
    • De Houwer J. A conceptual and theoretical analysis of evaluative conditioning. The Spanish Journal of Psychology 2007, 10:230-241.
    • (2007) The Spanish Journal of Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 230-241
    • De Houwer, J.1
  • 9
    • 65349163370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The propositional approach to associative learning as an alternative for associative formation models
    • De Houwer J. The propositional approach to associative learning as an alternative for associative formation models. Learning and Behavior 2009, 37:1-20.
    • (2009) Learning and Behavior , vol.37 , pp. 1-20
    • De Houwer, J.1
  • 10
    • 84921819591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning: A review of procedure knowledge and mental process theories
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, T.R. Schachtman, S. Reilly (Eds.)
    • De Houwer J. Evaluative conditioning: A review of procedure knowledge and mental process theories. Applications of learning and conditioning 2011, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. T.R. Schachtman, S. Reilly (Eds.).
    • (2011) Applications of learning and conditioning
    • De Houwer, J.1
  • 11
    • 14644416581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative learning of likes and dislikes: Some current controversies and possible ways forward
    • De Houwer J., Baeyens F., Field A.P. Associative learning of likes and dislikes: Some current controversies and possible ways forward. Cognition and Emotion 2005, 19:161-174.
    • (2005) Cognition and Emotion , vol.19 , pp. 161-174
    • De Houwer, J.1    Baeyens, F.2    Field, A.P.3
  • 13
    • 84880753854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is learning? On the nature and merits of a functional definition of learning
    • De Houwer J., Barnes-Holmes D., Moors A. What is learning? On the nature and merits of a functional definition of learning. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 2013, 20:631-642.
    • (2013) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , vol.20 , pp. 631-642
    • De Houwer, J.1    Barnes-Holmes, D.2    Moors, A.3
  • 14
    • 85029172648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning
    • De Houwer J., Thomas S., Baeyens F. Associative learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning. Psychological Bulletin 2001, 127:853-869.
    • (2001) Psychological Bulletin , vol.127 , pp. 853-869
    • De Houwer, J.1    Thomas, S.2    Baeyens, F.3
  • 15
    • 1842814143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental extinction in Pavlovian conditioning: Behavioural and neuroscience perspectives
    • Delamater A.R. Experimental extinction in Pavlovian conditioning: Behavioural and neuroscience perspectives. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2004, 57B:97-132.
    • (2004) The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.57 B , pp. 97-132
    • Delamater, A.R.1
  • 16
    • 14644431804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to extinction of human evaluative conditioning using a between-subjects design
    • Díaz R., Ruiz G., Baeyens F. Resistance to extinction of human evaluative conditioning using a between-subjects design. Cognition and Emotion 2005, 19:275-292.
    • (2005) Cognition and Emotion , vol.19 , pp. 275-292
    • Díaz, R.1    Ruiz, G.2    Baeyens, F.3
  • 17
    • 34347270222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning with foods as CSs and body shapes as USs: No evidence for sex differences, extinction, or overshadowing
    • Dwyer M.D., Jarratt F., Dick K. Evaluative conditioning with foods as CSs and body shapes as USs: No evidence for sex differences, extinction, or overshadowing. Cognition and Emotion 2007, 21:281-299.
    • (2007) Cognition and Emotion , vol.21 , pp. 281-299
    • Dwyer, M.D.1    Jarratt, F.2    Dick, K.3
  • 18
    • 0031211248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual conditioning: Evidence for an artifactual account of evaluative conditioning
    • Field A.P., Davey G.C.L. Conceptual conditioning: Evidence for an artifactual account of evaluative conditioning. Learning and Motivation 1997, 28:446-464.
    • (1997) Learning and Motivation , vol.28 , pp. 446-464
    • Field, A.P.1    Davey, G.C.L.2
  • 19
    • 0033110335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reevaluating evaluative conditioning: A nonassociative explanation of conditioning effects in the visual evaluative conditioning paradigm
    • Field A.P., Davey G.C.L. Reevaluating evaluative conditioning: A nonassociative explanation of conditioning effects in the visual evaluative conditioning paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 1999, 25:211-224.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , vol.25 , pp. 211-224
    • Field, A.P.1    Davey, G.C.L.2
  • 20
    • 0035697226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When all is revealed: A dissociation between evaluative learning and contingency awareness
    • Fulcher E.P., Hammerl M. When all is revealed: A dissociation between evaluative learning and contingency awareness. Consciousness and Cognition 2001, 10:524-549.
    • (2001) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.10 , pp. 524-549
    • Fulcher, E.P.1    Hammerl, M.2
  • 21
    • 84864501866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning without directly experienced pairings of the conditioned and the unconditioned stimuli
    • Gast A., De Houwer J. Evaluative conditioning without directly experienced pairings of the conditioned and the unconditioned stimuli. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2012, 65:1657-1674.
    • (2012) The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 1657-1674
    • Gast, A.1    De Houwer, J.2
  • 22
    • 84885382478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of extinction and counterconditioning instructions on evaluative conditioning effects
    • (in press)
    • Gast A., De Houwer J. The influence of extinction and counterconditioning instructions on evaluative conditioning effects. Learning and Motivation 2013, (in press). 10.1016/j.lmot.2013.03.003.
    • (2013) Learning and Motivation
    • Gast, A.1    De Houwer, J.2
  • 23
    • 84864508155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning: Recent developments and future directions
    • Gast A., Gawronski B., De Houwer J. Evaluative conditioning: Recent developments and future directions. Learning and Motivation 2012, 43:79-88.
    • (2012) Learning and Motivation , vol.43 , pp. 79-88
    • Gast, A.1    Gawronski, B.2    De Houwer, J.3
  • 24
    • 0031281159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of US-alone presentations on human evaluative conditioning
    • Hammerl M., Bloch M., Silverthorne C.P. Effects of US-alone presentations on human evaluative conditioning. Learning and Motivation 1997, 28:491-509.
    • (1997) Learning and Motivation , vol.28 , pp. 491-509
    • Hammerl, M.1    Bloch, M.2    Silverthorne, C.P.3
  • 26
    • 84872130609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating contingency awareness and conditioned attitudes: Evidence of contingency-unaware evaluative conditioning
    • Hütter M., Sweldens S., Stahl C., Unkelbach C., Klauer K.C. Dissociating contingency awareness and conditioned attitudes: Evidence of contingency-unaware evaluative conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2012, 141:539-557.
    • (2012) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.141 , pp. 539-557
    • Hütter, M.1    Sweldens, S.2    Stahl, C.3    Unkelbach, C.4    Klauer, K.C.5
  • 27
    • 0345749868 scopus 로고
    • Judgments of contingency between responses and outcomes
    • Jenkins H.M., Ward W.C. Judgments of contingency between responses and outcomes. Psychological Monographs 1965, 79(1):1-17.
    • (1965) Psychological Monographs , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-17
    • Jenkins, H.M.1    Ward, W.C.2
  • 29
    • 77954090299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning: The "how" question
    • Academic Press, San Diego, J.M. Olson, M.P. Zanna (Eds.)
    • Jones C.R., Olson M.A., Fazio R.H. Evaluative conditioning: The "how" question. Advances in experimental psychology 2010, Vol. 43:205-255. Academic Press, San Diego. J.M. Olson, M.P. Zanna (Eds.).
    • (2010) Advances in experimental psychology , vol.43 , pp. 205-255
    • Jones, C.R.1    Olson, M.A.2    Fazio, R.H.3
  • 30
    • 84858198190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the relation between contingency awareness and attention: Evaluative conditioning relies on a contingency focus
    • Kattner F. Revisiting the relation between contingency awareness and attention: Evaluative conditioning relies on a contingency focus. Cognition and Emotion 2012, 26:166-175.
    • (2012) Cognition and Emotion , vol.26 , pp. 166-175
    • Kattner, F.1
  • 31
    • 80052007512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does evaluative learning rely on the perception of contingency? Manipulating contingency and US density during evaluative conditioning
    • Kattner F., Ellermeier W. Does evaluative learning rely on the perception of contingency? Manipulating contingency and US density during evaluative conditioning. Experimental Psychology 2011, 58:391-399.
    • (2011) Experimental Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 391-399
    • Kattner, F.1    Ellermeier, W.2
  • 33
    • 0016816668 scopus 로고
    • Classical conditioning of human evaluative responses
    • Levey A.B., Martin I. Classical conditioning of human evaluative responses. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1975, 13:221-226.
    • (1975) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.13 , pp. 221-226
    • Levey, A.B.1    Martin, I.2
  • 34
    • 0042158288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative learning in human Pavlovian conditioning: Extinct, but still there?
    • Lipp O.V., Oughten N., LeLievre L. Evaluative learning in human Pavlovian conditioning: Extinct, but still there?. Learning and Motivation 2003, 34:219-239.
    • (2003) Learning and Motivation , vol.34 , pp. 219-239
    • Lipp, O.V.1    Oughten, N.2    LeLievre, L.3
  • 35
    • 14644392869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No support for dual process accounts of human affective learning in simple Pavlovian conditioning
    • Lipp O.V., Purkis H.M. No support for dual process accounts of human affective learning in simple Pavlovian conditioning. Cognition and Emotion 2005, 19:269-282.
    • (2005) Cognition and Emotion , vol.19 , pp. 269-282
    • Lipp, O.V.1    Purkis, H.M.2
  • 36
    • 0029195545 scopus 로고
    • Latent inhibition in humans: Data, theory, and implications for schizophrenia
    • Lubow R.E., Gewirtz J.C. Latent inhibition in humans: Data, theory, and implications for schizophrenia. Psychological Bulletin 1995, 117:87-103.
    • (1995) Psychological Bulletin , vol.117 , pp. 87-103
    • Lubow, R.E.1    Gewirtz, J.C.2
  • 38
    • 33746358592 scopus 로고
    • A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement
    • Mackintosh N.J. A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychological Review 1975, 82:276-298.
    • (1975) Psychological Review , vol.82 , pp. 276-298
    • Mackintosh, N.J.1
  • 40
    • 0001988491 scopus 로고
    • Learning what will happen next: Conditioning, evaluation, and cognitive processes
    • Wiley, Chichester, England, G. Davey (Ed.)
    • Martin I., Levey A.B. Learning what will happen next: Conditioning, evaluation, and cognitive processes. Cognitive processes and Pavlovian conditioning in humans 1987, 57-81. Wiley, Chichester, England. G. Davey (Ed.).
    • (1987) Cognitive processes and Pavlovian conditioning in humans , pp. 57-81
    • Martin, I.1    Levey, A.B.2
  • 43
    • 0035463005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit attitude formation through classical conditioning
    • Olson M.A., Fazio R.H. Implicit attitude formation through classical conditioning. Psychological Science 2001, 12:413-417.
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 413-417
    • Olson, M.A.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 45
    • 0030612832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies
    • Pelli D.G. The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision 1997, 10:437-442.
    • (1997) Spatial Vision , vol.10 , pp. 437-442
    • Pelli, D.G.1
  • 46
    • 79953691436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are we puppets on a string? Comparing the impact of contingency and validity on implicit and explicit evaluations
    • Peters K.R., Gawronski B. Are we puppets on a string? Comparing the impact of contingency and validity on implicit and explicit evaluations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2011, 37:557-569.
    • (2011) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.37 , pp. 557-569
    • Peters, K.R.1    Gawronski, B.2
  • 47
    • 33845968808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aware and (dis)liking: Item-based analyses reveal that valence acquisition via evaluative conditioning emerges only when there is contingency awareness
    • Pleyers G., Corneille O., Luminet O., Yzerbyt V. Aware and (dis)liking: Item-based analyses reveal that valence acquisition via evaluative conditioning emerges only when there is contingency awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 2007, 33:130-144.
    • (2007) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , vol.33 , pp. 130-144
    • Pleyers, G.1    Corneille, O.2    Luminet, O.3    Yzerbyt, V.4
  • 49
    • 0014321923 scopus 로고
    • Probability of shocks in the presence and absence of CS in fear conditioning
    • Rescorla R.A. Probability of shocks in the presence and absence of CS in fear conditioning. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology 1968, 66:1-5.
    • (1968) Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 1-5
    • Rescorla, R.A.1
  • 50
    • 0002109138 scopus 로고
    • A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement
    • Appleton-Century-Croft, New York, A.H. Blake, W.F. Prokasy (Eds.)
    • Rescorla R.A., Wagner A.P. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement. Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory 1972, 64-99. Appleton-Century-Croft, New York. A.H. Blake, W.F. Prokasy (Eds.).
    • (1972) Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory , pp. 64-99
    • Rescorla, R.A.1    Wagner, A.P.2
  • 51
    • 0034342721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems
    • Smith E.R., DeCoster J. Dual-process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2000, 4:108-131.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.4 , pp. 108-131
    • Smith, E.R.1    DeCoster, J.2
  • 52
    • 65649149099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative learning with single versus multiple unconditioned stimuli: The role of contingency awareness
    • Stahl C., Unkelbach C. Evaluative learning with single versus multiple unconditioned stimuli: The role of contingency awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 2009, 35:286-291.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , vol.35 , pp. 286-291
    • Stahl, C.1    Unkelbach, C.2
  • 53
    • 68949202254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the respective contributions of awareness of US valence and US identity in attitude formation through evaluative conditioning
    • Stahl C., Unkelbach C., Corneille O. On the respective contributions of awareness of US valence and US identity in attitude formation through evaluative conditioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2009, 97:404-420.
    • (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.97 , pp. 404-420
    • Stahl, C.1    Unkelbach, C.2    Corneille, O.3
  • 55
    • 0001430264 scopus 로고
    • Classical conditioning of consumer attitudes: Four experiments in an advertising context
    • Stuart E.W., Shimp T.A., Engle R.W. Classical conditioning of consumer attitudes: Four experiments in an advertising context. Journal of Consumer Research 1987, 14:334-349.
    • (1987) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.14 , pp. 334-349
    • Stuart, E.W.1    Shimp, T.A.2    Engle, R.W.3
  • 57
    • 85047670073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guilty by mere association: Evaluative conditioning and the spreading attitude effect
    • Walther E. Guilty by mere association: Evaluative conditioning and the spreading attitude effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:919-934.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 919-934
    • Walther, E.1
  • 58
    • 84920860621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude formation and change through association: An evaluative conditioning account
    • Psychology Press, New York, W.D. Crano, R. Prislin (Eds.)
    • Walther E., Langer T. Attitude formation and change through association: An evaluative conditioning account. Attitude and attitude change 2008, 87-109. Psychology Press, New York. W.D. Crano, R. Prislin (Eds.).
    • (2008) Attitude and attitude change , pp. 87-109
    • Walther, E.1    Langer, T.2
  • 59
    • 33750191781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning and the awareness issue: Assessing contingency awareness with the four-picture recognition test
    • Walther E., Nagengast B. Evaluative conditioning and the awareness issue: Assessing contingency awareness with the four-picture recognition test. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 2006, 32:454-459.
    • (2006) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , vol.32 , pp. 454-459
    • Walther, E.1    Nagengast, B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.