메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue , 2013, Pages 13-24

Proteinuria and its relation to cardiovascular disease

Author keywords

Albuminuria; Cardiovascular risk; Microalbuminuria; Proteinuria

Indexed keywords

ALISKIREN; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATRASENTAN; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; EPLERENONE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; IRBESARTAN; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; N(G),N(G) DIMETHYLARGININE; RAMIPRIL; SPIRONOLACTONE; TELMISARTAN; TROPONIN T; VASCULOTROPIN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR;

EID: 84891051913     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11787058     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/IJNRD.S40522     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (104)

References (136)
  • 1
    • 0141468244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention
    • Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: A statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention
    • Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al; American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation. 2003;108(17):2154-2169.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , Issue.17 , pp. 2154-2169
    • Sarnak, M.J.1    Levey, A.S.2    Schoolwerth, A.C.3
  • 2
    • 67649652168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular implications of proteinuria: An indicator of chronic kidney disease
    • Agrawal V, Marinescu V, Agarwal M, McCullough PA. Cardiovascular implications of proteinuria: an indicator of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009;6(4):301-311.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Cardiol , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 301-311
    • Agrawal, V.1    Marinescu, V.2    Agarwal, M.3    McCullough, P.A.4
  • 3
    • 0028017638 scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria as a biomarker: Risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality
    • Wagner DK, Harris T, Madans JH. Proteinuria as a biomarker: risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality. Environ Res. 1994;66(2):160-172.
    • (1994) Environ Res , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 160-172
    • Wagner, D.K.1    Harris, T.2    Madans, J.H.3
  • 4
    • 0036099097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albuminuria and renal insufficiency prevalence guides population screening: Results from the NHANES III
    • Garg AX, Kiberd BA, Clark WF, Haynes RB, Clase CM. Albuminuria and renal insufficiency prevalence guides population screening: results from the NHANES III. Kidney Int. 2002;61(6):2165-2175.
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 2165-2175
    • Garg, A.X.1    Kiberd, B.A.2    Clark, W.F.3    Haynes, R.B.4    Clase, C.M.5
  • 5
    • 0034725723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in older people: A prospective study
    • Culleton BF, Larson MG, Parfrey PS, Kannel WB, Levy D. Proteinuria as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in older people: a prospective study. Am J Med. 2000;109(1):1-8.
    • (2000) Am J Med , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Culleton, B.F.1    Larson, M.G.2    Parfrey, P.S.3    Kannel, W.B.4    Levy, D.5
  • 6
    • 0036831405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria: An underappreciated risk factor in cardiovascular disease
    • Segura J, Campo C, Ruilope LM. Proteinuria: an underappreciated risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2002;4(6): 458-462.
    • (2002) Curr Cardiol Rep , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 458-462
    • Segura, J.1    Campo, C.2    Ruilope, L.M.3
  • 7
    • 0029760174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary albumin excretion-a predictor of risk of cardiovascular disease. A prospective 10-year follow-up of middle-aged nondiabetic normal and hypertensive men
    • Ljungman S, Wikstrand J, Hartford M, Berglund G. Urinary albumin excretion - a predictor of risk of cardiovascular disease. A prospective 10-year follow-up of middle-aged nondiabetic normal and hypertensive men. Am J Hypertens. 1996;9(8):770-778.
    • (1996) Am J Hypertens , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. 770-778
    • Ljungman, S.1    Wikstrand, J.2    Hartford, M.3    Berglund, G.4
  • 9
    • 0036176161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KDQOI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification and stratification
    • National Kidney Foundation
    • National Kidney Foundation. KDQOI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(2 Suppl 1):s1-s266.
    • (2002) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.39 , Issue.2 SUPPL. 1
  • 10
    • 4644221457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization
    • Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(13):1296-1305.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , Issue.13 , pp. 1296-1305
    • Go, A.S.1    Chertow, G.M.2    Fan, D.3    McCulloch, C.E.4    Hsu, C.Y.5
  • 11
    • 1642413198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization
    • Keith DS, Nichols GA, Gullion CM, Brown JB, Smith DH. Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(6):659-663.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , Issue.6 , pp. 659-663
    • Keith, D.S.1    Nichols, G.A.2    Gullion, C.M.3    Brown, J.B.4    Smith, D.H.5
  • 12
    • 77953291706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: A collaborative meta-analysis
    • Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, et al; Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010; 375(9731):2073-2081.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , Issue.9731 , pp. 2073-2081
    • Matsushita, K.1    van der Velde, M.2    Astor, B.C.3
  • 13
    • 33745852282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: A systematic review
    • Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Culleton B, et al. Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(7): 2034-2047.
    • (2006) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 2034-2047
    • Tonelli, M.1    Wiebe, N.2    Culleton, B.3
  • 14
    • 77957930395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease and risk of major cardiovascular disease and non-vascular mortality: Prospective population based cohort study
    • Di Angelantonio E, Chowdhury R, Sarwar N, Aspelund T, Danesh J, Gudnason V. Chronic kidney disease and risk of major cardiovascular disease and non-vascular mortality: prospective population based cohort study. BMJ. 2010;341:c4986.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.c4986 , pp. 341
    • Di Angelantonio, E.1    Chowdhury, R.2    Sarwar, N.3    Aspelund, T.4    Danesh, J.5    Gudnason, V.6
  • 15
    • 58049209807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kidney disease in cardiology
    • Herzog CA. Kidney disease in cardiology. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24(1):34-37.
    • (2009) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-37
    • Herzog, C.A.1
  • 16
    • 84880249490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EPOCH-JAPAN Research Group. Prediction of cardiovascular disease mortality by proteinuria and reduced kidney function: Pooled analysis of 39,000 individuals from 7 cohort studies in Japan
    • Nagata M, Ninomiya T, Kiyohara Y, et al; EPOCH-JAPAN Research Group. Prediction of cardiovascular disease mortality by proteinuria and reduced kidney function: pooled analysis of 39,000 individuals from 7 cohort studies in Japan. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(1):1-11.
    • (2013) Am J Epidemiol , vol.178 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Nagata, M.1    Ninomiya, T.2    Kiyohara, Y.3
  • 17
    • 75849147039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Relation between kidney function, proteinuria, and adverse outcomes
    • Hemmelgarn BR, Manns BJ, Lloyd A, et al; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Relation between kidney function, proteinuria, and adverse outcomes. JAMA. 2010;303(5):423-429.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , Issue.5 , pp. 423-429
    • Hemmelgarn, B.R.1    Manns, B.J.2    Lloyd, A.3
  • 18
    • 0021684472 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic significance of proteinuria: The Framingham study
    • Kannel WB, Stampfer MJ, Castelli WP, Verter J. The prognostic significance of proteinuria: the Framingham study. Am Heart J. 1984;108(5):1347-1352.
    • (1984) Am Heart J , vol.108 , Issue.5 , pp. 1347-1352
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Castelli, W.P.3    Verter, J.4
  • 19
    • 77953291706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: A collaborative meta-analysis
    • Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, et al; Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9731):2073-2081.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , Issue.9731 , pp. 2073-2081
    • Matsushita, K.1    van der Velde, M.2    Astor, B.C.3
  • 20
    • 0036788492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of Renal and Vascular End Stage Disease (PREVEND) Study Group. Urinary albumin excretion predicts cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in general population
    • Hillege HL, Fidler V, Diercks GF, et al; Prevention of Renal and Vascular End Stage Disease (PREVEND) Study Group. Urinary albumin excretion predicts cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in general population. Circulation. 2002;106(14):1777-1782.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , Issue.14 , pp. 1777-1782
    • Hillege, H.L.1    Fidler, V.2    Diercks, G.F.3
  • 21
    • 33645516595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships of proteinuria, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate with cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese general population
    • Irie F, Iso H, Sairenchi T, et al. The relationships of proteinuria, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate with cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese general population. Kidney Int. 2006;69(7): 1264-1271.
    • (2006) Kidney Int , vol.69 , Issue.7 , pp. 1264-1271
    • Irie, F.1    Iso, H.2    Sairenchi, T.3
  • 22
    • 33750207276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria as a significant determinant of hypertension in a normotensive screened cohort in Okinawa
    • Japan
    • Inoue T, Iseki K, Higashiuesato Y, et al. Proteinuria as a significant determinant of hypertension in a normotensive screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan. Hypertens Res. 2006;29(9):687-693.
    • (2006) Hypertens Res , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 687-693
    • Inoue, T.1    Iseki, K.2    Higashiuesato, Y.3
  • 23
    • 32644464442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albuminuria and incident coronary heart disease in Australian Aboriginal people
    • Wang Z, Hoy WE. Albuminuria and incident coronary heart disease in Australian Aboriginal people. Kidney Int. 2005;68(3):1289-1293.
    • (2005) Kidney Int , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 1289-1293
    • Wang, Z.1    Hoy, W.E.2
  • 24
    • 0025056543 scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria as predictor of increased mortality in elderly people
    • Damsgaard EM, Frøland A, Jørgensen OD, Mogensen CE. Microalbuminuria as predictor of increased mortality in elderly people. BMJ. 1990;300(6720):297-300.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.300 , Issue.6720 , pp. 297-300
    • Damsgaard, E.M.1    Frøland, A.2    Jørgensen, O.D.3    Mogensen, C.E.4
  • 25
    • 79958239192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Associations among estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes
    • Bello AK, Hemmelgarn B, Lloyd A, et al; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Associations among estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(6):1418-1426.
    • (2011) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 1418-1426
    • Bello, A.K.1    Hemmelgarn, B.2    Lloyd, A.3
  • 26
    • 55949127699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between proteinuria and coronary risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Perkovic V, Verdon C, Ninomiya T, et al. The relationship between proteinuria and coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2008;5(10):e207.
    • (2008) PLoS Med , vol.5 , Issue.10
    • Perkovic, V.1    Verdon, C.2    Ninomiya, T.3
  • 27
    • 0035948631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HOPE Study Investigators. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals
    • Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q, et al; HOPE Study Investigators. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA. 2001;286(4): 421-426.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-426
    • Gerstein, H.C.1    Mann, J.F.2    Yi, Q.3
  • 28
    • 0034852962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria is common, also in a nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population, and an independent indicator of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity
    • Prevend Study Group
    • Hillege HL, Janssen WM, Bak AA, et al; Prevend Study Group. Microalbuminuria is common, also in a nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population, and an independent indicator of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity. J Intern Med. 2001;249(6): 519-526.
    • (2001) J Intern Med , vol.249 , Issue.6 , pp. 519-526
    • Hillege, H.L.1    Janssen, W.M.2    Bak, A.A.3
  • 29
    • 1642535534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: The LIFE study
    • Wachtell K, Ibsen H, Olsen MH, et al. Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(11):901-906.
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.139 , Issue.11 , pp. 901-906
    • Wachtell, K.1    Ibsen, H.2    Olsen, M.H.3
  • 30
    • 0036492044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: The LIFE study
    • Wachtell K, Olsen MH, Dahlöf B, et al. Microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens. 2002;20(3):405-412.
    • (2002) J Hypertens , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 405-412
    • Wachtell, K.1    Olsen, M.H.2    Dahlöf, B.3
  • 31
    • 78149359263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of microalbuminuria on incident stroke: A meta-analysis
    • Lee M, Saver JL, Chang KH, Liao HW, Chang SC, Ovbiagele B. Impact of microalbuminuria on incident stroke: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 2010;41(11):2625-2631.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , Issue.11 , pp. 2625-2631
    • Lee, M.1    Saver, J.L.2    Chang, K.H.3    Liao, H.W.4    Chang, S.C.5    Ovbiagele, B.6
  • 32
    • 60149109376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria and stroke: A meta-analysis of cohort studies
    • Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, Verdon C, et al. Proteinuria and stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(3):417-425.
    • (2009) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 417-425
    • Ninomiya, T.1    Perkovic, V.2    Verdon, C.3
  • 34
    • 34547157636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between urinary albumin excretion and left ventricular mass with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Nobakhthaghighi N, Kamgar M, Bekheirnia MR, McFann K, Estacio R, Schrier RW. Relationship between urinary albumin excretion and left ventricular mass with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1(6):1187-1190.
    • (2006) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.1 , Issue.6 , pp. 1187-1190
    • Nobakhthaghighi, N.1    Kamgar, M.2    Bekheirnia, M.R.3    McFann, K.4    Estacio, R.5    Schrier, R.W.6
  • 35
    • 0033757997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spot urinary albumin-creatinine ratio predicts left ventricular hypertrophy in young hypertensive African-American men
    • Post WS, Blumenthal RS, Weiss JL, et al. Spot urinary albumin-creatinine ratio predicts left ventricular hypertrophy in young hypertensive African-American men. Am J Hypertens. 2000;13(11):1168-1172.
    • (2000) Am J Hypertens , vol.13 , Issue.11 , pp. 1168-1172
    • Post, W.S.1    Blumenthal, R.S.2    Weiss, J.L.3
  • 36
    • 0038009861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure independent association of microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive men
    • Dell'omo G, Giorgi D, Di Bello V, Mariani M, Pedrinelli R. Blood pressure independent association of microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive men. J Intern Med. 2003;254(1): 76-84.
    • (2003) J Intern Med , vol.254 , Issue.1 , pp. 76-84
    • Dell'omo, G.1    Giorgi, D.2    Di Bello, V.3    Mariani, M.4    Pedrinelli, R.5
  • 37
    • 37349052017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of Events With ACE Inhibition (PEACE) Investigators. Influence of albuminuria on cardiovascular risk in patients with stable coronary artery disease
    • Solomon SD, Lin J, Solomon CG, et al; Prevention of Events With ACE Inhibition (PEACE) Investigators. Influence of albuminuria on cardiovascular risk in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2007;116(23):2687-2693.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , Issue.23 , pp. 2687-2693
    • Solomon, S.D.1    Lin, J.2    Solomon, C.G.3
  • 38
    • 33749254268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in creatinine and cardiovascular risk in patients with systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction
    • Jose P, Skali H, Anavekar N, et al. Increase in creatinine and cardiovascular risk in patients with systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(10):2886-2891.
    • (2006) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 2886-2891
    • Jose, P.1    Skali, H.2    Anavekar, N.3
  • 39
    • 84884812427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary albumin concentration and long-term cardiovascular risk in acute coronary syndrome patients: A PROVE IT-TIMI 22 substudy
    • Nazer B, Ray KK, Murphy SA, Gibson CM, Cannon CP. Urinary albumin concentration and long-term cardiovascular risk in acute coronary syndrome patients: a PROVE IT-TIMI 22 substudy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2013;36(3):233-239.
    • (2013) J Thromb Thrombolysis , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-239
    • Nazer, B.1    Ray, K.K.2    Murphy, S.A.3    Gibson, C.M.4    Cannon, C.P.5
  • 40
    • 0021322084 scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes
    • Mogensen CE. Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1984; 310(6):356-360.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , Issue.6 , pp. 356-360
    • Mogensen, C.E.1
  • 41
    • 0026530073 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A twenty-three year follow-up study
    • Messent JW, Elliott TG, Hill RD, Jarrett RJ, Keen H, Viberti GC. Prognostic significance of microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a twenty-three year follow-up study. Kidney Int. 1992;41(4):836-839.
    • (1992) Kidney Int , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 836-839
    • Messent, J.W.1    Elliott, T.G.2    Hill, R.D.3    Jarrett, R.J.4    Keen, H.5    Viberti, G.C.6
  • 42
    • 0021873620 scopus 로고
    • The effect of proteinuria on relative mortality in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Borch-Johnsen K, Andersen PK, Deckert T. The effect of proteinuria on relative mortality in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1985;28(8):590-596.
    • (1985) Diabetologia , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 590-596
    • Borch-Johnsen, K.1    Andersen, P.K.2    Deckert, T.3
  • 43
    • 84867618715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint relationship between renal function and proteinuria on mortality of patients with type 2 diabetes: The Taichung Diabetes Study
    • Lin CC, Chen CC, Kung PT, et al. Joint relationship between renal function and proteinuria on mortality of patients with type 2 diabetes: the Taichung Diabetes Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012;11:131.
    • (2012) Cardiovasc Diabetol , vol.11 , pp. 131
    • Lin, C.C.1    Chen, C.C.2    Kung, P.T.3
  • 44
    • 16644369472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and hypertension: A case for albuminuria
    • Anavekar NS, Gans DJ, Berl T, et al. Predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and hypertension: a case for albuminuria. Kidney Int Suppl. 2004:S50-S55.
    • (2004) Kidney Int Suppl
    • Anavekar, N.S.1    Gans, D.J.2    Berl, T.3
  • 45
    • 0030746637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of microalbuminuria and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A systematic overview of the literature
    • Dinneen SF, Gerstein HC. The association of microalbuminuria and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A systematic overview of the literature. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(13): 1413-1418.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , Issue.13 , pp. 1413-1418
    • Dinneen, S.F.1    Gerstein, H.C.2
  • 46
    • 33749573392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term mortality and incidence of renal dialysis and transplantation in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Stadler M, Auinger M, Anderwald C, et al. Long-term mortality and incidence of renal dialysis and transplantation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(10):3814-3820.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , Issue.10 , pp. 3814-3820
    • Stadler, M.1    Auinger, M.2    Anderwald, C.3
  • 47
    • 36048929086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria: Do both predict renal and cardiovascular events with similar strength?
    • de Jong PE, Gansevoort RT, Bakker SJ. Macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria: do both predict renal and cardiovascular events with similar strength? J Nephrol. 2007;20(4):375-380.
    • (2007) J Nephrol , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 375-380
    • de Jong, P.E.1    Gansevoort, R.T.2    Bakker, S.J.3
  • 48
    • 0029816538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of mortality in insulin dependent diabetes: 10 year observational follow up study
    • Rossing P, Hougaard P, Borch-Johnsen K, Parving HH. Predictors of mortality in insulin dependent diabetes: 10 year observational follow up study. BMJ. 1996;313(7060):779-784.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , Issue.7060 , pp. 779-784
    • Rossing, P.1    Hougaard, P.2    Borch-Johnsen, K.3    Parving, H.H.4
  • 49
    • 4344621497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albuminuria, a therapeutic target for cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy
    • de Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, et al. Albuminuria, a therapeutic target for cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Circulation. 2004;110(8):921-927.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , Issue.8 , pp. 921-927
    • de Zeeuw, D.1    Remuzzi, G.2    Parving, H.H.3
  • 50
    • 0025868525 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: The London follow-up to the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetics
    • Morrish NJ, Stevens LK, Fuller JH, Jarrett RJ, Keen H. Risk factors for macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: the London follow-up to the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetics. Diabetologia. 1991;34(8):590-594.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , Issue.8 , pp. 590-594
    • Morrish, N.J.1    Stevens, L.K.2    Fuller, J.H.3    Jarrett, R.J.4    Keen, H.5
  • 51
    • 73649127286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BARI 2D Study Group. Association between albuminuria and duration of diabetes and myocardial dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease among patients with stable coronary artery disease in the BARI 2D study
    • Escobedo J, Rana JS, Lombardero MS, et al; BARI 2D Study Group. Association between albuminuria and duration of diabetes and myocardial dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease among patients with stable coronary artery disease in the BARI 2D study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(1):41-46.
    • (2010) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-46
    • Escobedo, J.1    Rana, J.S.2    Lombardero, M.S.3
  • 52
    • 0038314137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of albuminuria with systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: The Strong Heart Study
    • Liu JE, Robbins DC, Palmieri V, et al. Association of albuminuria with systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: the Strong Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(11): 2022-2028.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , Issue.11 , pp. 2022-2028
    • Liu, J.E.1    Robbins, D.C.2    Palmieri, V.3
  • 53
    • 0042667223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or proteinuria: Observations from the DIABHYCAR (type 2 DIABetes, Hypertension, CArdiovascular Events and Ramipril) study
    • DIABHYCAR Study Group (type 2 DIABetes, Hypertension, CARdiovascular Events and Ramipril) study
    • Vaur L, Gueret P, Lievre M, Chabaud S, Passa P; DIABHYCAR Study Group (type 2 DIABetes, Hypertension, CARdiovascular Events and Ramipril) study. Development of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or proteinuria: observations from the DIABHYCAR (type 2 DIABetes, Hypertension, CArdiovascular Events and Ramipril) study. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):855-860.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 855-860
    • Vaur, L.1    Gueret, P.2    Lievre, M.3    Chabaud, S.4    Passa, P.5
  • 54
    • 28044445114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospitalizations for new heart failure among subjects with diabetes mellitus in the RENAAL and LIFE studies
    • Carr AA, Kowey PR, Devereux RB, et al. Hospitalizations for new heart failure among subjects with diabetes mellitus in the RENAAL and LIFE studies. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(11):1530-1536.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , Issue.11 , pp. 1530-1536
    • Carr, A.A.1    Kowey, P.R.2    Devereux, R.B.3
  • 55
    • 44449146547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure
    • MacDonald MR, Petrie MC, Hawkins NM, et al. Diabetes, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(10):1224-1240.
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 1224-1240
    • Macdonald, M.R.1    Petrie, M.C.2    Hawkins, N.M.3
  • 56
    • 85028490279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the horizon in heart failure
    • On the horizon in heart failure. Lancet. 2011;378(9792):637.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , Issue.9792 , pp. 637
  • 57
    • 26844443362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of microalbuminuria in chronic heart failure patients
    • van de Wal RM, Asselbergs FW, Plokker HW, et al. High prevalence of microalbuminuria in chronic heart failure patients. J Card Fail. 2005;11(8):602-606.
    • (2005) J Card Fail , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 602-606
    • van de Wal, R.M.1    Asselbergs, F.W.2    Plokker, H.W.3
  • 58
    • 68349130167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CHARM Investigators and Committees. Albuminuria in chronic heart failure: Prevalence and prognostic importance
    • Jackson CE, Solomon SD, Gerstein HC, et al; CHARM Investigators and Committees. Albuminuria in chronic heart failure: prevalence and prognostic importance. Lancet. 2009;374(9689):543-550.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , Issue.9689 , pp. 543-550
    • Jackson, C.E.1    Solomon, S.D.2    Gerstein, H.C.3
  • 59
    • 79960002663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALiskiren Observation of heart Failure Treatment(ALOFT)investigators. Associations of albuminuria in patients with chronic heart failure:Findings in the ALiskiren Observation of heart Failure Treatment study
    • Jackson CE, MacDonald MR, Petrie MC, et al; ALiskiren Observation of heart Failure Treatment (ALOFT) investigators. Associations of albuminuria in patients with chronic heart failure: findings in the ALiskiren Observation of heart Failure Treatment study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13(7):746-754.
    • (2011) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 746-754
    • Jackson, C.E.1    Macdonald, M.R.2    Petrie, M.C.3
  • 60
    • 84884494103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease and outcomes in heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: The Cardiovascular Research Network PRESERVE Study
    • Smith DH, Thorp ML, Gurwitz JH, et al. Chronic kidney disease and outcomes in heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: the Cardiovascular Research Network PRESERVE Study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6(3):333-342.
    • (2013) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 333-342
    • Smith, D.H.1    Thorp, M.L.2    Gurwitz, J.H.3
  • 61
    • 0033695211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria is independently associated with ischaemic electrocardiographic abnormalities in a large non-diabetic population. The PREVEND (Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease) study
    • Diercks GF, van Boven AJ, Hillege HL, et al. Microalbuminuria is independently associated with ischaemic electrocardiographic abnormalities in a large non-diabetic population. The PREVEND (Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease) study. Eur Heart J. 2000; 21(23):1922-1927.
    • (2000) Eur Heart J , vol.21 , Issue.23 , pp. 1922-1927
    • Diercks, G.F.1    van Boven, A.J.2    Hillege, H.L.3
  • 62
    • 0028879159 scopus 로고
    • Increased thickness of the carotid artery in patients with essential hypertension and microalbuminuria
    • Bigazzi R, Bianchi S, Nenci R, Baldari D, Baldari G, Campese VM. Increased thickness of the carotid artery in patients with essential hypertension and microalbuminuria. J Hum Hypertens. 1995;9(10): 827-833.
    • (1995) J Hum Hypertens , vol.9 , Issue.10 , pp. 827-833
    • Bigazzi, R.1    Bianchi, S.2    Nenci, R.3    Baldari, D.4    Baldari, G.5    Campese, V.M.6
  • 63
    • 18244429497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria and carotid artery intima-media thickness in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)
    • Mykkänen L, Zaccaro DJ, O'Leary DH, Howard G, Robbins DC, Haffner SM. Microalbuminuria and carotid artery intima-media thickness in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Stroke. 1997;28(9):1710-1716.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 1710-1716
    • Mykkänen, L.1    Zaccaro, D.J.2    O'Leary, D.H.3    Howard, G.4    Robbins, D.C.5    Haffner, S.M.6
  • 64
    • 21744457243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine albumin excretion and subclinical cardiovascular disease.The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
    • Kramer H, Jacobs DR, Bild D, et al. Urine albumin excretion and subclinical cardiovascular disease. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Hypertension. 2005;46(1):38-43.
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-43
    • Kramer, H.1    Jacobs, D.R.2    Bild, D.3
  • 65
    • 69849111339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial stiffness in mild-to-moderate CKD
    • Upadhyay A, Hwang SJ, Mitchell GF, et al. Arterial stiffness in mild-to-moderate CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(9):2044-2053.
    • (2009) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 2044-2053
    • Upadhyay, A.1    Hwang, S.J.2    Mitchell, G.F.3
  • 67
    • 84875211597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-sensitivity troponin T predicts worsening of albuminuria in hypertension; results of a nested case-control study with confirmation in diabetes
    • Hellemons ME, Lambers Heerspink HJ, Gansevoort RT, de Zeeuw D, Bakker SJ. High-sensitivity troponin T predicts worsening of albuminuria in hypertension; results of a nested case-control study with confirmation in diabetes. J Hypertens. 2013;31(4):805-812.
    • (2013) J Hypertens , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 805-812
    • Hellemons, M.E.1    Lambers, H.H.J.2    Gansevoort, R.T.3    de Zeeuw, D.4    Bakker, S.J.5
  • 68
    • 25444473404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of microalbuminuria to adiponectin and augmented C-reactive protein levels in men with essential hypertension
    • Tsioufis C, Dimitriadis K, Chatzis D, et al. Relation of microalbuminuria to adiponectin and augmented C-reactive protein levels in men with essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(7):946-951.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , Issue.7 , pp. 946-951
    • Tsioufis, C.1    Dimitriadis, K.2    Chatzis, D.3
  • 69
    • 39049116185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADMA levels correlate with proteinuria, secondary amyloidosis, and endothelial dysfunction
    • Yilmaz MI, Sonmez A, Saglam M, et al. ADMA levels correlate with proteinuria, secondary amyloidosis, and endothelial dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(2):388-395.
    • (2008) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 388-395
    • Yilmaz, M.I.1    Sonmez, A.2    Saglam, M.3
  • 70
    • 0028292590 scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension
    • Pedrinelli R, Giampietro O, Carmassi F, et al. Microalbuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension. Lancet. 1994; 344(8914):14-18.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , Issue.8914 , pp. 14-18
    • Pedrinelli, R.1    Giampietro, O.2    Carmassi, F.3
  • 71
    • 33846638744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks of proteinuria and hypertension with bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Zhu X, Wu S, Dahut WL, Parikh CR. Risks of proteinuria and hypertension with bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49(2):186-193.
    • (2007) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-193
    • Zhu, X.1    Wu, S.2    Dahut, W.L.3    Parikh, C.R.4
  • 72
    • 0036224765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased urinary albumin excretion, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes: Progressive, interrelated, and independently associated with risk of death
    • Stehouwer CD, Gall MA, Twisk JW, Knudsen E, Emeis JJ, Parving HH. Increased urinary albumin excretion, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes: progressive, interrelated, and independently associated with risk of death. Diabetes. 2002;51(4):1157-1165.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 1157-1165
    • Stehouwer, C.D.1    Gall, M.A.2    Twisk, J.W.3    Knudsen, E.4    Emeis, J.J.5    Parving, H.H.6
  • 73
    • 0027375924 scopus 로고
    • Thrombogenic factors are related to urinary albumin excretion rate in type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
    • Knöbl P, Schernthaner G, Schnack C, et al. Thrombogenic factors are related to urinary albumin excretion rate in type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 1993;36(10):1045-1050.
    • (1993) Diabetologia , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Knöbl, P.1    Schernthaner, G.2    Schnack, C.3
  • 74
    • 0031128130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albuminuria is directly associated with increased plasma PAI-1 and factor VII levels in NIDDM patients
    • Hirano T, Kashiwazaki K, Moritomo Y, Nagano S, Adachi M. Albuminuria is directly associated with increased plasma PAI-1 and factor VII levels in NIDDM patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1997;36(1):11-18.
    • (1997) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-18
    • Hirano, T.1    Kashiwazaki, K.2    Moritomo, Y.3    Nagano, S.4    Adachi, M.5
  • 75
    • 0346939291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria is associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects: The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study
    • Mykkänen L, Zaccaro DJ, Wagenknecht LE, Robbins DC, Gabriel M, Haffner SM. Microalbuminuria is associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Diabetes. 1998;47(5):793-800.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 793-800
    • Mykkänen, L.1    Zaccaro, D.J.2    Wagenknecht, L.E.3    Robbins, D.C.4    Gabriel, M.5    Haffner, S.M.6
  • 76
    • 0028287240 scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum insulin levels in patients with essential hypertension and microalbuminuria
    • Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Valtriani C, et al. Elevated serum insulin levels in patients with essential hypertension and microalbuminuria. Hypertension. 1994;23(6 Pt 1):681-687.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.23 , Issue.6 PART 1 , pp. 681-687
    • Bianchi, S.1    Bigazzi, R.2    Valtriani, C.3
  • 77
    • 27644528403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct, progressive association of cardiovascular risk factors with incident proteinuria: Results from the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) study
    • Jee SH, Boulware LE, Guallar E, Suh I, Appel LJ, Miller ER. Direct, progressive association of cardiovascular risk factors with incident proteinuria: results from the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(19):2299-2304.
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , Issue.19 , pp. 2299-2304
    • Jee, S.H.1    Boulware, L.E.2    Guallar, E.3    Suh, I.4    Appel, L.J.5    Miller, E.R.6
  • 78
    • 74949111420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is longitudinal pulse pressure a better predictor of 24-hour urinary albumin excretion than other indices of blood pressure?
    • Farasat SM, Valdes C, Shetty V, et al. Is longitudinal pulse pressure a better predictor of 24-hour urinary albumin excretion than other indices of blood pressure? Hypertension. 2010;55(2):415-421.
    • (2010) Hypertension , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 415-421
    • Farasat, S.M.1    Valdes, C.2    Shetty, V.3
  • 79
    • 0037373832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled, prospective study of the effects of atorvastatin on proteinuria and progression of kidney disease
    • Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Caiazza A, Campese VM. A controlled, prospective study of the effects of atorvastatin on proteinuria and progression of kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(3):565-570.
    • (2003) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 565-570
    • Bianchi, S.1    Bigazzi, R.2    Caiazza, A.3    Campese, V.M.4
  • 80
    • 0032507776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Main risk factors for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus are plasma cholesterol levels, mean blood pressure, and hyperglycemia
    • Ravid M, Brosh D, Ravid-Safran D, Levy Z, Rachmani R. Main risk factors for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus are plasma cholesterol levels, mean blood pressure, and hyperglycemia. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(9):998-1004.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , Issue.9 , pp. 998-1004
    • Ravid, M.1    Brosh, D.2    Ravid-Safran, D.3    Levy, Z.4    Rachmani, R.5
  • 81
    • 72449165356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of urinary albumin excretion within the normal range in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Randomised Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention (ROADMAP) study
    • Ritz E, Viberti GC, Ruilope LM, et al. Determinants of urinary albumin excretion within the normal range in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Randomised Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention (ROADMAP) study. Diabetologia. 2010;53(1):49-57.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-57
    • Ritz, E.1    Viberti, G.C.2    Ruilope, L.M.3
  • 82
    • 0037386140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A central body fat distribution is related to renal function impairment, even in lean subjects
    • PREVEND Study Group
    • Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Navis G, Janssen WM, de Zeeuw D, Gans RO, de Jong PE; PREVEND Study Group. A central body fat distribution is related to renal function impairment, even in lean subjects. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(4):733-741.
    • (2003) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 733-741
    • Pinto-Sietsma, S.J.1    Navis, G.2    Janssen, W.M.3    de Zeeuw, D.4    Gans, R.O.5    de Jong, P.E.6
  • 83
    • 33748291394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic renal failure: A cardiovascular risk factor
    • Fort J. Chronic renal failure: a cardiovascular risk factor. Kidney Int Suppl. 2005:S25-S29.
    • (2005) Kidney Int Suppl
    • Fort, J.1
  • 84
    • 0036193856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors related to the occurrence of microalbuminuria during antihypertensive treatment in essential hypertension
    • Redon J, Rovira E, Miralles A, Julve R, Pascual JM. Factors related to the occurrence of microalbuminuria during antihypertensive treatment in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2002;39(3):794-798.
    • (2002) Hypertension , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 794-798
    • Redon, J.1    Rovira, E.2    Miralles, A.3    Julve, R.4    Pascual, J.M.5
  • 85
    • 33746554271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glomerular hyperfiltration predicts the development of microalbuminuria in stage 1 hypertension: The HARVEST
    • HARVEST Study Group
    • Palatini P, Mormino P, Dorigatti F, et al; HARVEST Study Group. Glomerular hyperfiltration predicts the development of microalbuminuria in stage 1 hypertension: the HARVEST. Kidney Int. 2006;70(3):578-584.
    • (2006) Kidney Int , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 578-584
    • Palatini, P.1    Mormino, P.2    Dorigatti, F.3
  • 86
    • 33646771273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria in a referred cohort of type II diabetic patients: A global perspective
    • DEMAND investigator
    • Parving HH, Lewis JB, Ravid M, Remuzzi G, Hunsicker LG; DEMAND investigators. Prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria in a referred cohort of type II diabetic patients: a global perspective. Kidney Int. 2006;69(11):2057-2063.
    • (2006) Kidney Int , vol.69 , Issue.11 , pp. 2057-2063
    • Parving, H.H.1    Lewis, J.B.2    Ravid, M.3    Remuzzi, G.4    Hunsicker, L.G.5
  • 87
    • 33744990564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes,hypertension,and left ventricular hypertrophy?
    • Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(3):595-600.
    • (2006) The LIFE study. Diabetes Care , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 595-600
    • Ibsen, H.1    Olsen, M.H.2    Wachtell, K.3
  • 88
    • 8144224441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fosinopril and pravastatin on cardiovascular events in subjects with microalbuminuria
    • Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease Intervention Trial (PREVEND IT) Investigators
    • Asselbergs FW, Diercks GF, Hillege HL, et al; Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease Intervention Trial (PREVEND IT) Investigators. Effects of fosinopril and pravastatin on cardiovascular events in subjects with microalbuminuria. Circulation. 2004;110(18): 2809-2816.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , Issue.18 , pp. 2809-2816
    • Asselbergs, F.W.1    Diercks, G.F.2    Hillege, H.L.3
  • 90
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ. 1998;317(7160):703-713.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , Issue.7160 , pp. 703-713
  • 91
    • 84896705051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
    • Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group
    • Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3(1):1-150.
    • (2013) Kidney Int Suppl , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-150
  • 92
    • 84891069428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. NICE Clinical Guideline 66: The Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Available from, Accessed November 27
    • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. NICE Clinical Guideline 66: The Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/cg66niceguideline.pdf. Accessed November 27, 2013.
    • (2013)
  • 93
    • 0030604561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia)
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. The GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia). Lancet. 1997;349(9069): 1857-1863.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , Issue.9069 , pp. 1857-1863
  • 94
    • 0027517659 scopus 로고
    • The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy
    • The Collaborative Study Group
    • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(20): 1456-1462.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , Issue.20 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Bain, R.P.3    Rohde, R.D.4
  • 95
    • 0034700790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: Results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy
    • Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Lancet. 2000;355(9200):253-259.
    • (2000) Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Lancet , vol.355 , Issue.9200 , pp. 253-259
  • 96
    • 0035922447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes
    • Collaborative Study Group
    • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al; Collaborative Study Group. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(12):851-860.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.12 , pp. 851-860
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Clarke, W.R.3
  • 97
    • 0035922441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RENAAL Study InvestigatorsEffects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
    • RENAAL Study Investigators
    • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al; RENAAL Study Investigators. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(12):861-869.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.12 , pp. 861-869
    • Brenner, B.M.1    Cooper, M.E.2    de Zeeuw, D.3
  • 98
    • 0035901585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril: The HOPE randomized trial
    • Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Pogue J, Bosch J, Yusuf S. Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril: the HOPE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(8): 629-636.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , Issue.8 , pp. 629-636
    • Mann, J.F.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Pogue, J.3    Bosch, J.4    Yusuf, S.5
  • 99
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
    • LIFE Study Group
    • Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al; LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359(9311):995-1003.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9311 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 100
    • 0037160969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
    • LIFE Study Group
    • Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlöf B, et al; LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359(9311): 1004-1010.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9311 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Lindholm, L.H.1    Ibsen, H.2    Dahlöf, B.3
  • 101
    • 0035922444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group
    • Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P; Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(12):870-878.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.12 , pp. 870-878
    • Parving, H.H.1    Lehnert, H.2    Bröchner-Mortensen, J.3    Gomis, R.4    Andersen, S.5    Arner, P.6
  • 102
    • 79952373965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olmesartan for the delay or prevention of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes
    • ROADMAP Trial Investigators
    • Haller H, Ito S, Izzo JL, et al; ROADMAP Trial Investigators. Olmesartan for the delay or prevention of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(10):907-917.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , Issue.10 , pp. 907-917
    • Haller, H.1    Ito, S.2    Izzo, J.L.3
  • 104
    • 49149087718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ONTARGET investigators.Renal outcomes with telimsartan, ramipril or both in people at high vascular risk the ONTARGET study: A multicentre, randomised, double blind, controlled trial
    • Mann J, Schmieder R, McQueen M, et al; ONTARGET investigators. Renal outcomes with telimsartan, ramipril or both in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9638):547-553.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , Issue.9638 , pp. 547-553
    • Mann, J.1    Schmieder, R.2    McQueen, M.3
  • 105
    • 66149131479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Navaneethan SD, Nigwekar SU, Sehgal AR, Strippoli GF. Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(3):542-551.
    • (2009) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 542-551
    • Navaneethan, S.D.1    Nigwekar, S.U.2    Sehgal, A.R.3    Strippoli, G.F.4
  • 106
    • 0347479295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure lowering in essential hypertension with an oral renin inhibitor, aliskiren
    • Stanton A, Jensen C, Nussberger J, O'Brien E. Blood pressure lowering in essential hypertension with an oral renin inhibitor, aliskiren. Hypertension. 2003;42(6):1137-1143.
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 1137-1143
    • Stanton, A.1    Jensen, C.2    Nussberger, J.3    O'Brien, E.4
  • 107
    • 34548855067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the tolerability of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and lisinopril in patients with severe hypertension
    • Strasser RH, Puig JG, Farsang C, Croket M, Li J, van Ingen H. A comparison of the tolerability of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and lisinopril in patients with severe hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2007;21(10):780-787.
    • (2007) J Hum Hypertens , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 780-787
    • Strasser, R.H.1    Puig, J.G.2    Farsang, C.3    Croket, M.4    Li, J.5    van Ingen, H.6
  • 108
    • 33845366982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renin inhibition with aliskiren provides additive antihypertensive efficacy when used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide
    • Villamil A, Chrysant SG, Calhoun D, et al. Renin inhibition with aliskiren provides additive antihypertensive efficacy when used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. J Hypertens. 2007;25(1): 217-226.
    • (2007) J Hypertens , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 217-226
    • Villamil, A.1    Chrysant, S.G.2    Calhoun, D.3
  • 109
    • 38649102508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and ramipril alone or in combination in patients with diabetes and hypertension
    • Uresin Y, Taylor AA, Kilo C, et al. Efficacy and safety of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and ramipril alone or in combination in patients with diabetes and hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2007;8(4):190-198.
    • (2007) J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 190-198
    • Uresin, Y.1    Taylor, A.A.2    Kilo, C.3
  • 110
    • 44849114597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AVOID Study Investigators.Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
    • Parving HH, Persson F, Lewis JB, Lewis EJ, Hollenberg NK; AVOID Study Investigators. Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(23):2433-2446.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , Issue.23 , pp. 2433-2446
    • Parving, H.H.1    Persson, F.2    Lewis, J.B.3    Lewis, E.J.4    Hollenberg, N.K.5
  • 111
    • 34447521458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: A randomised, double-blind trial
    • Oparil S, Yarows SA, Patel S, Fang H, Zhang J, Satlin A. Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2007;370(9583):221-229.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , Issue.9583 , pp. 221-229
    • Oparil, S.1    Yarows, S.A.2    Patel, S.3    Fang, H.4    Zhang, J.5    Satlin, A.6
  • 112
    • 84865206169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of add-on direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in patients with non-diabetes related chronic kidney disease
    • Li S, Chen Y, Yang W, et al. Effects of add-on direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in patients with non-diabetes related chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2012;13:89.
    • (2012) BMC Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 89
    • Li, S.1    Chen, Y.2    Yang, W.3
  • 113
    • 77958572437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renin-angiotensin system dual blockade using angiotensin receptor plus aliskiren decreases severe proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients
    • López V, Martin M, Cobelo C, et al. Renin-angiotensin system dual blockade using angiotensin receptor plus aliskiren decreases severe proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2010;42(8):2883-2885.
    • (2010) Transplant Proc , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 2883-2885
    • López, V.1    Martin, M.2    Cobelo, C.3
  • 114
    • 84869492851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALTITUDE Investigators.Cardiorenal end points in a trial of aliskiren for type 2 diabetes
    • Parving HH, Brenner BM, McMurray JJ, et al; ALTITUDE Investigators. Cardiorenal end points in a trial of aliskiren for type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(23):2204-2213.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , Issue.23 , pp. 2204-2213
    • Parving, H.H.1    Brenner, B.M.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 115
    • 0035124068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late escape from the antiproteinuric effect of ace inhibitors in nondiabetic renal disease
    • Shiigai T, Shichiri M. Late escape from the antiproteinuric effect of ace inhibitors in nondiabetic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(3):477-483.
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 477-483
    • Shiigai, T.1    Shichiri, M.2
  • 116
    • 62149126622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avosentan Endothelin Antagonist Evaluation in Diabetic Nephropathy Study Investigators.Avosentan reduces albumin excretion in diabetics with macroalbuminuria
    • SPP301
    • Wenzel RR, Littke T, Kuranoff S, et al; SPP301 (Avosentan) Endothelin Antagonist Evaluation in Diabetic Nephropathy Study Investigators. Avosentan reduces albumin excretion in diabetics with macroalbuminuria. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(3):655-664.
    • (2009) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 655-664
    • Wenzel, R.R.1    Littke, T.2    Kuranoff, S.3
  • 117
    • 79953295959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of atrasentan to renin-angiotensin system blockade reduces albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy
    • Kohan DE, Pritchett Y, Molitch M, et al. Addition of atrasentan to renin-angiotensin system blockade reduces albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(4):763-772.
    • (2011) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 763-772
    • Kohan, D.E.1    Pritchett, Y.2    Molitch, M.3
  • 118
    • 33746673912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: The effect of statins on albuminuria
    • Douglas K, O'Malley PG, Jackson JL. Meta-analysis: the effect of statins on albuminuria. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(2):117-124.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.145 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-124
    • Douglas, K.1    O'Malley, P.G.2    Jackson, J.L.3
  • 119
    • 41449093519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease: Meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials
    • Strippoli GF, Navaneethan SD, Johnson DW, et al. Effects of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2008;336(7645):645-651.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , Issue.7645 , pp. 645-651
    • Strippoli, G.F.1    Navaneethan, S.D.2    Johnson, D.W.3
  • 120
    • 0036311314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pravastatin on proteinuria in patients with well-controlled hypertension
    • Lee TM, Su SF, Tsai CH. Effect of pravastatin on proteinuria in patients with well-controlled hypertension. Hypertension. 2002;40(1):67-73.
    • (2002) Hypertension , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-73
    • Lee, T.M.1    Su, S.F.2    Tsai, C.H.3
  • 121
    • 0032957781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and renal function impairment
    • Remuzzi G. Cigarette smoking and renal function impairment. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33(4):807-813.
    • (1999) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 807-813
    • Remuzzi, G.1
  • 122
    • 0021241653 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial and renal arteriolar thickening in cigarette smokers
    • Oberai B, Adams CW, High OB. Myocardial and renal arteriolar thickening in cigarette smokers. Atherosclerosis. 1984;52(2):185-190.
    • (1984) Atherosclerosis , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-190
    • Oberai, B.1    Adams, C.W.2    High, O.B.3
  • 123
    • 38749147769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking: A risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease and for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal patients - absence of evidence or evidence of absence?
    • Orth SR, Hallan SI. Smoking: a risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease and for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal patients - absence of evidence or evidence of absence? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(1):226-236.
    • (2008) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 226-236
    • Orth, S.R.1    Hallan, S.I.2
  • 124
  • 125
    • 72749083202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antiproteinuric effect of the blockage of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in obese patients.Which treatment option is the most effective?
    • Spanish
    • Morales E, Huerta A, Gutiérrez E, Gutiérrez Solís E, Segura J, Praga M. [The antiproteinuric effect of the blockage of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in obese patients. Which treatment option is the most effective?]. Nefrologia. 2009;29(5): 421-429. Spanish.
    • (2009) Nefrologia , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 421-429
    • Morales, E.1    Huerta, A.2    Gutiérrez, E.3    Gutiérrez, S.E.4    Segura, J.5    Praga, M.6
  • 126
    • 33748308713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic measures in proteinuric nephropathy
    • Praga M. Therapeutic measures in proteinuric nephropathy. Kidney Int Suppl. 2005:S137-S141.
    • (2005) Kidney Int Suppl
    • Praga, M.1
  • 127
    • 0028923829 scopus 로고
    • Effects of body-weight loss and captopril treatment on proteinuria associated with obesity
    • Praga M, Hernández E, Andrés A, León M, Ruilope LM, Rodicio JL. Effects of body-weight loss and captopril treatment on proteinuria associated with obesity. Nephron. 1995;70(1):35-41.
    • (1995) Nephron , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-41
    • Praga, M.1    Hernández, E.2    Andrés, A.3    León, M.4    Ruilope, L.M.5    Rodicio, J.L.6
  • 128
    • 79961214888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate dietary sodium restriction added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition compared with dual blockade in lowering proteinuria and blood pressure:Randomised controlled trial
    • HOlland NEphrology STudy Group
    • Slagman MC, Waanders F, Hemmelder MH, et al; HOlland NEphrology STudy Group. Moderate dietary sodium restriction added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition compared with dual blockade in lowering proteinuria and blood pressure: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011;343:d4366.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.d4366 , pp. 343
    • Slagman, M.C.1    Waanders, F.2    Hemmelder, M.H.3
  • 130
    • 84890440007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the state of renal nerve ablation for patients with severe and resistant hypertension
    • Gulati V, White WB. Review of the state of renal nerve ablation for patients with severe and resistant hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2013.
    • (2013) J Am Soc Hypertens
    • Gulati, V.1    White, W.B.2
  • 131
    • 78649876825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension(The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial):A randomised controlled trial
    • Symplicity HTN-2 Investigators
    • Esler MD, Krum H, Sobotka PA, Schlaich MP, Schmieder RE, Böhm M; Symplicity HTN-2 Investigators. Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9756): 1903-1909.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , Issue.9756 , pp. 1903-1909
    • Esler, M.D.1    Krum, H.2    Sobotka, P.A.3    Schlaich, M.P.4    Schmieder, R.E.5    Böhm, M.6
  • 132
    • 79955477242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: Durability of blood pressure reduction out to 24 months
    • Symplicity HTN-1 Investigators
    • Symplicity HTN-1 Investigators. Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: durability of blood pressure reduction out to 24 months. Hypertension. 2011;57(5):911-917.
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 911-917
  • 133
    • 84857773847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal sympathetic denervation reduces left ventricular hypertrophy and improves cardiac function in patients with resistant hypertension
    • Brandt MC, Mahfoud F, Reda S, et al. Renal sympathetic denervation reduces left ventricular hypertrophy and improves cardiac function in patients with resistant hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(10):901-909.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.59 , Issue.10 , pp. 901-909
    • Brandt, M.C.1    Mahfoud, F.2    Reda, S.3
  • 134
    • 84864282373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal hemodynamics and renal function after catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension
    • Mahfoud F, Cremers B, Janker J, et al. Renal hemodynamics and renal function after catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2012;60(2): 419-424.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 419-424
    • Mahfoud, F.1    Cremers, B.2    Janker, J.3
  • 135
    • 0346749771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for proteinuria in US adults: A cost-effectiveness analysis
    • Boulware LE, Jaar BG, Tarver-Carr ME, Brancati FL, Powe NR. Screening for proteinuria in US adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis. JAMA. 2003;290(23):3101-3114.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , Issue.23 , pp. 3101-3114
    • Boulware, L.E.1    Jaar, B.G.2    Tarver-Carr, M.E.3    Brancati, F.L.4    Powe, N.R.5
  • 136
    • 33646350385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PREVEND IT Study Group.Cost-effectiveness of screening for albuminuria with subsequent fosinopril treatment to prevent cardiovascular events:A pharmacoeconomic analysis linked to the prevention of renal and vascular endstage disease (PREVEND)study and the prevention of renal and vascular endstage disease intervention trial(PREVEND IT)
    • Atthobari J, Asselbergs FW, Boersma C, et al; PREVEND IT Study Group. Cost-effectiveness of screening for albuminuria with subsequent fosinopril treatment to prevent cardiovascular events: A pharmacoeconomic analysis linked to the prevention of renal and vascular endstage disease (PREVEND) study and the prevention of renal and vascular endstage disease intervention trial (PREVEND IT). Clin Ther. 2006;28(3):432-444.
    • (2006) Clin Ther , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 432-444
    • Atthobari, J.1    Asselbergs, F.W.2    Boersma, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.