Introduction: Politics, Patronage and Violence in Zimbabwe

Journal of Southern African Studies

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 749-763

  Alexander, Jocelyn ^a   McGregor, Joann ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890952105     PISSN: 03057070     EISSN: 14653893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03057070.2013.862100     Document Type: Editorial

References (67)

1. Although we do not have the space to explore it fully here, the authors recognise the diversity in political science literatures. Their focus is on criticism of concepts most closely associated with.
2. P. Chabal and J-P. Daloz, Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument (Oxford, James Currey, 1999).
3. J-F. Bayart, The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly (London, Longman, 1993), while building on recent critiques and on anthropological scholarship on the state, cited below.
4. The articles draw on empirically grounded approaches such as those of G. Blundo and J-P. Olivier de Sardan in Everyday Corruption and the State: Citizens and Public Officials in Africa (London, Zed Books, 2006).
5. J. Roitman, Fiscal Disobedience: An Anthropology of Economic Regulation in Central Africa (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2005).
6. On 'stateness', see T.B. Hansen and F. Stepputat, 'Introduction: States of Imagination', in T.B. Hansen and F. Stepputat (eds), States of Imagination: Ethnographic Explorations of the Postcolonial State (London, Duke University Press, 2001), p. 14.
7. Key recent works that focus on public servants include contributions to G. Blundo and P-Y. Le Meur (eds), The Governance of Daily Life in Africa: Explorations of Public and Collective Services (Leiden, Brill, 2009).
8. T. Bierschenk, 'States at Work in West Africa: Sedimentation, Fragmentation and Normative Double-Blinds', Working Paper no. 113, Department of Anthropology and African Studies (Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 2010).
9. Other important - though not necessarily compatible - approaches in anthropology can be found in C. Lund, 'Twilight Institutions: Public Authority and Local Politics in Africa', Development and Change, 37, 4 (2006), pp. 685-705.
10. A. Sharma and A. Gupta, The Anthropology of the State: A Reader (London, Blackwell, 2006).
11. V. Das and D. Poole (eds), Anthropology in the Margins of the State (Oxford, James Currey, 2004).
12. See discussion in T. Lodge, 'The Southern African Post-Colonial State', Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 36, 1 (1998), pp. 20-47.
13. R. Southall, Liberation Movements in Power: Party and State in Southern Africa (Woodbridge, James Currey, 2013).
14. Interesting work on expert knowledge can be found in S. Dubow (ed.), Science and Society in Southern Africa (Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2000).
15. W. Beinart and J. McGregor (eds), Social History and African Environments (Oxford, James Currey, 2003).
16. On Zimbabwe, M. Drinkwater's book, The State and Agrarian Change in Zimbabwe's Communal Areas (Houndsmills, Macmillan, 1993) was groundbreaking. On law, see the insightful study of G. Karekwaivanane, Legal Encounters: Law, State and Society in Zimbabwe, c.1950-1990 (DPhil Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012).
17. See Brian Raftopoulos's discussion in this issue. There is a growing literature on the complex political inheritances of liberation movements.
18. See e.g. Southall, Liberation Movements in Power, H. Melber, Limits to Liberation in Southern Africa: The Unfinished Business of Democratic Consolidation (Cape Town, HSRC Press, 2003).
19. M. Sithole, 'Zimbabwe: In search of stable democracy', in L. Diamond, J. Linz and S. Lipset (eds), Democracy in Developing Countries, Volume 2, Africa (Boulder, Lynne Rienner, 1988).
20. See J. McGregor, 'The Politics of Disruption: War Veterans and the Local State in Zimbabwe', African Affairs, 101, 402 (2002). This was a preoccupation of much of the literature on rural state-making.
21. See among others W. Munro, The Moral Economy of the State: Conservation, Community Development, and State Making in Zimbabwe (Athens, Ohio University Press, 1998).
22. J. Alexander, The Unsettled Land: State-Making and the Politics of Land in Zimbabwe 1893-2003 (Oxford, James Currey, 2006).
23. On the history and consequences of the 1980s violence, see Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace/Legal Resources Foundation, Breaking the Silence, Building True Peace: A Report on the Disturbance in Matabeleland and the Midlands, 1980-1988 (Harare, CCJP/LRF, 1997).
24. J. Alexander, J. McGregor and T. Ranger, Violence and Memory: One Hundred Years in the 'Dark Forests' of Matabeleland (Oxford, James Currey, 2000).
25. See, for example, P. Gibbon (ed.), Structural Adjustment and the Working Poor in Zimbabwe (Uppsala, Africa Institute, 1995).
26. A.S. Mlambo, The Economic Structural Adjustment Programme: The Case of Zimbabwe, 1990-1995 (Harare, University of Zimbabwe Press, 1997).
27. For an excellent review of this period and the literature on it, see J. Muzondidya, 'From Buoyancy to Crisis, 1980-1997', in B. Raftopoulos and A. Mlambo (eds), Becoming Zimbabwe: A History from the Pre-Colonial Period to 2008 (Harare, Weaver Press, 2009), pp. 167-200.
28. For a specifically rural view, see Alexander, Unsettled Land, Chapter 8.
29. For the best study of the longue durée of Zimbabwean history, see Raftopoulos and Mlambo, Becoming Zimbabwe.
30. C. Lund, 'Twilight Institutions'. Also see Hansen and Stepputat, States of Imagination.
31. Important works are Blundo and de Sardan with Arifari and Alou's Everyday Corruption and the State and Bierschenk's 'States at Work in West Africa'.
32. Key among them, Hansen and Stepputat, States of Imagination.
33. See A. Purdekova, '"Even if I Am Not Here, There Are so Many Eyes": Surveillance and State Reach in Rwanda', Journal of Modern African Studies, 49, 3 (2011), pp. 475-97.
34. D. Bozzini 'Low-Tech Surveillance and the Despotic State in Eritrea', Surveillance and Society, 9, 1/2 (2011), pp. 93-113.
35. See B. Raftopoulos. 'The Labour Movement and the Emergence of Opposition Politics in Zimbabwe', in B. Raftopoulos and L. Sachikonye (eds), Striking Back: The Labour Movement and the Postcolonial State in Zimbabwe (Harare, Weaver Press, 2002).
36. S. Rich-Dorman 'Rocking the Boat? Church NGOs and Democratization in Zimbabwe', African Affairs, 101 (2002).
37. A. LeBas, From Protest to Parties: PartyBuilding and Democratization in Africa (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013).
38. B. Raftopoulos, 'The Labour Movement'.
39. S. Rich-Dorman, 'Rocking the Boat?
40. A. LeBas, From Protest to Parties, p. 199.
41. A. LeBas, From Protest to Parties, p.181.
42. A. LeBas, From Protest to Parties.
43. On the MDC split, see B. Raftopoulos and K. Alexander (eds), Reflections on Democratic Politics in Zimbabwe (Cape Town, Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, 2006).
44. Particularly influential are J. Ferguson's Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1999) and Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order (Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2006).
45. In the Zimbabwean context, Jeremy Jones's work on youth in the townships has been groundbreaking.
46. See his '"Nothing is Straight in Zimbabwe': The Rise of the Kukiya-kiya Economy', Journal of Southern African Studies, 36, 2 (2010), pp. 285-99.
47. For more on this, see B. Rutherford, Working on the Margins: Black Workers, White Famers in Postcolonial Zimbabwe (London, Zed Books, 2001).
48. See Journal of Southern African Studies (JSAS) Special Issue 'The Zimbabwe Crisis Through The Lens Of Displacement', 36, 2 (2010), introduced by.
49. A. Hammar, L. Landau and J. McGregor, 'Displacing Zimbabwe: Crisis and Construction in Southern Africa', JSAS, 36, 2 (2010), pp. 263-83
50. For an entrée to the now extensive literature on land, see L. Cliffe, J. Alexander, B. Cousins and R. Gaidzanwa, 'An Overview of Fast Track Land Reform in Zimbabwe: Editorial Introduction', Journal of Peasant Studies, 38, 5 (2011), pp. 907-38 and the discussion in.
51. Zamchiya, 'The Role of Politics and State Practices in Shaping Rural Differentiation: A Study of Resettled Small-Scale Farmers in South-Eastern Zimbabwe' in this issue.
52. On diamonds, see D. Towriss, 'Buying Loyalty: Zimbabwe's Marange Diamonds', Journal of Southern African Studies, 39, 1 (2013) pp. 99-107.
53. T. Nyamunda and P. Mukwambo, 'The State and the Bloody Diamond Rush in Chiadzwa: Unpacking the Contesting Interests in the Development of Illicit Mining and Trading, c.2006-2009', JSAS 31, 1 (2012), pp. 145-66, and the extensive reporting by Global Witness, Human Rights Watch and Partnership Africa Canada.
54. See, for example, D. Moore, 'Progress, Power and Violent Accumulation in Zimbabwe', Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 30, 1 (2012), pp. 1-9.
55. B. Magure, 'Foreign Investment, Black Economic Empowerment and Militarised Patronage Politics in Zimbabwe', Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 30, 1 (2012), pp. 67-82.
56. I. Scoones, N. Marongwe, B. Mavedzenge, F. Murimbarimba, J. Mahenehene and C. Sukume, Zimbabwe's Land Reform: Myths and Realities (Oxford, James Currey, 2010).
57. See, e.g., the critiques including Hansen and Stepputat, States of Imagination.
58. C Lund, 'Twilight Institutions'.
59. On power-sharing, see Brian Raftopoulos (ed.), The Hard Road to Reform: the Politics of Zimbabwe's Global Political Agreement (Harare, Weaver Press in association with Solidarity Peace Trust, 2013).
60. D. Matyszak, Law, Politics and Zimbabwe's 'Unity' Government (Harare, Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung, 2010).
61. International Crisis Group (ICG), 'Resistance and Denial: Zimbabwe's Stalled Reform Agenda' (ICG, Johannesburg/Brussels, 2011).
62. N. Cheeseman and M. Tendi, 'Power-Sharing in Comparative Perspective: The Dynamics of "Unity Government" in Kenya and Zimbabwe', Journal of Modern African Studies, 48, 2 (2010), pp. 203-99.
63. For a summary of reporting, see Solidarity Peace Trust, The End of a Road: The 2013 Elections in Zimbabwe (Johannesburg, SPT, 2013), Appendix 6.
64. Ibid. 19
65. Ibid., p. 31.
66. Ibid., p. 44.
67. See especially Raftopoulos and Alexander, Reflections on Democratic Politics.