-
1
-
-
84859328683
-
-
Note
-
The South African company De Beers had operated in the area for several years under four-year renewable prospecting licences, suggesting there may have been knowledge of the presence of diamonds at ministry level.
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
84859372329
-
The Crisis in Zimbabwe, 1998 to 2008
-
in B. Raftopolous and A. Mlambo, Weaver Press, Harare
-
B. Raftopolous, 'The Crisis in Zimbabwe, 1998 to 2008', in B. Raftopolous and A. Mlambo, Becoming Zimbabwe (Weaver Press, Harare, 2009), p. 219.
-
(2009)
Becoming Zimbabwe
, pp. 219
-
-
Raftopolous, B.1
-
4
-
-
84859313079
-
-
retrieved on 3 May 2010
-
S. Hanke, 'The Printing Press', retrieved on 3 May 2010 from www.cato.org/zimbabwe.
-
The Printing Press'
-
-
Hanke, S.1
-
5
-
-
0005631035
-
The Politics of Inflation in the 20th Century
-
in F. Hirsch and J.H. Goldthorpe, London, Martin Robertson and Co. Ltd
-
C.S. Maier, 'The Politics of Inflation in the 20th Century', in F. Hirsch and J.H. Goldthorpe, The Political Economy of Inflation (London, Martin Robertson and Co. Ltd, 1978), p. 44.
-
(1978)
The Political Economy of Inflation
, pp. 44
-
-
Maier, C.S.1
-
6
-
-
84859370964
-
Exiting Zimbabwe
-
in J. Crush and D. Tevera (eds), Cape Town, Unity Press
-
J. Crush and D. Tevera, 'Exiting Zimbabwe', in J. Crush and D. Tevera (eds), Zimbabwe's Exodus Crisis: Migration, Survival (Cape Town, Unity Press, 2010).
-
(2010)
Zimbabwe's Exodus Crisis: Migration, Survival
-
-
Crush, J.1
Tevera, D.2
-
7
-
-
77954167057
-
Nothing is Straight in Zimbabwe": The Rise of the Kukiya-kiya Economy, 2000-2008
-
J.L. Jones, '"Nothing is Straight in Zimbabwe": The Rise of the Kukiya-kiya Economy, 2000-2008', Journal of Southern African Studies [JSAS], 36, 2 (2010).
-
(2010)
Journal of Southern African Studies [JSAS]
, vol.36
, pp. 2
-
-
Jones, J.L.1
-
9
-
-
77954169569
-
Operation Murambatsvina and the Politics of Street Vendors in Zimbabwe
-
F. Musoni, 'Operation Murambatsvina and the Politics of Street Vendors in Zimbabwe', JSAS, 36, 2 (2010).
-
(2010)
JSAS
, vol.36
, pp. 2
-
-
Musoni, F.1
-
10
-
-
84859318258
-
Internal Migration in Zimbabwe: The Impact of Livelihood Destruction in Rural and Urban Areas
-
D. Potts, 'Internal Migration in Zimbabwe: The Impact of Livelihood Destruction in Rural and Urban Areas', in Crush and Tevera, Zimbabwe's Exodus Crisis, pp. 170, 178-181.
-
Crush and Tevera, Zimbabwe's Exodus Crisis
, vol.170
, pp. 178-181
-
-
Potts, D.1
-
11
-
-
77954165343
-
Introduction. Displacing Zimbabwe: Crisis and Construction in Southern Africa
-
A. Hammar, J. McGregor and L. Landau, 'Introduction. Displacing Zimbabwe: Crisis and Construction in Southern Africa', JSAS, 36, 2 (2010), pp. 263-266.
-
(2010)
JSAS
, vol.36
, Issue.2
, pp. 263-266
-
-
Hammar, A.1
McGregor, J.2
Landau, L.3
-
12
-
-
84859310625
-
Digging for Diamonds, Wielding New Words: A Linguistic Perspective on Zimbabwe's "Blood Diamonds
-
S. Nyota and F. Sibanda, 'Digging for Diamonds, Wielding New Words: A Linguistic Perspective on Zimbabwe's "Blood Diamonds"', JSAS, 38, 1.
-
JSAS
, vol.38
, pp. 1
-
-
Nyota, S.1
Sibanda, F.2
-
13
-
-
79952518868
-
Genealogies of Power: Blood Diamonds, Security Politics and Zimbabwe's Troubled Transition
-
in M. Clarke and C. Bassett (eds), Cape Town, HSRC Press
-
R. Saunders, 'Genealogies of Power: Blood Diamonds, Security Politics and Zimbabwe's Troubled Transition', in M. Clarke and C. Bassett (eds), Legacies of Liberation: Post-Colonial Struggles for a Democratic Southern Africa (Cape Town, HSRC Press, 2011).
-
(2011)
Legacies of Liberation: Post-Colonial Struggles For a Democratic Southern Africa
-
-
Saunders, R.1
-
14
-
-
84859364895
-
-
We are grateful to the author for permission to view and use his very insightful work from which I benefited immensely
-
We are grateful to the author for permission to view and use his very insightful work from which I benefited immensely.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
85050172505
-
Crisis, Capital, Compromise: Mining and Empowerment in Zimbabwe
-
December 2008
-
R. Saunders, 'Crisis, Capital, Compromise: Mining and Empowerment in Zimbabwe', African Sociological Review, 12, 1 (December 2008).
-
African Sociological Review
, vol.12
, pp. 1
-
-
Saunders, R.1
-
16
-
-
84859365046
-
Diamond Fields Sealed Off
-
9 March 2007
-
'Diamond Fields Sealed Off', The Herald, 9 March 2007.
-
The Herald
-
-
-
17
-
-
84859365032
-
-
retrieved February 2009
-
'The Kimberley Process at Risk', http://www.kimberlyprocess.com:8080/site/?name1/4participants, retrieved February 2009.
-
The Kimberley Process At Risk'
-
-
-
18
-
-
84859336004
-
-
Interview with ACR officials
-
Interview with ACR officials.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
84859365045
-
Diamonds from the Spirit
-
The Manica Post 19 December 2006
-
'Diamonds from the Spirit', The Manica Post, 19 December 2006.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
84859365045
-
Diamonds from the Spirit
-
The Manica Post 19 December 2006
-
'Diamonds from the Spirit', The Manica Post, 19 December 2006.
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
84859318255
-
-
Also noted from an interview with George (pseudonym) held at Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 23 December 2006
-
Also noted from an interview with George (pseudonym) held at Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 23 December 2006.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
84859365042
-
-
Note
-
The story of Rotina Mavhunga, the 'diesel n'anga' ended with her conviction and imprisonment for fraud. During the trial it merged that while she 'duped' some government ministers, she was also being closely assisted by other high-ranking officials, suggesting a sub-plot of internal ZANU(PF) factionalism lay behind this bizarre affair.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
84859336002
-
Diesel N'anga: The True Story
-
2 October 2010
-
'Diesel N'anga: The True Story', The Standard, 2 October 2010.
-
The Standard
-
-
-
24
-
-
84859318241
-
Mudede "Directly Linked" to Chinhoyi Diesel-from-Rock Rigging - Court
-
27 July 2009
-
'Mudede "Directly Linked" to Chinhoyi Diesel-from-Rock Rigging - Court', Zimbabwe Mail, 27 July 2009.
-
Zimbabwe Mail
-
-
-
25
-
-
84859365044
-
-
Note
-
The extensive scholarly debates that have taken place about the role of ancestral cults, spirit mediums and the Mwari cult shrines of the Matopos in not only rain-making and environmental management, but also during the war of liberation, and afterwards.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
0003711537
-
-
Oxford, James Currey
-
D. Lan, Guns and Rain (Oxford, James Currey, 1985).
-
(1985)
Guns and Rain
-
-
Lan, D.1
-
30
-
-
80955151984
-
Graves, Ruins and Belonging: Towards an Anthropology of Proximity
-
December 2011
-
'Graves, Ruins and Belonging: Towards an Anthropology of Proximity', Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 17 (December 2011), pp. 706-727.
-
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
, vol.17
, pp. 706-727
-
-
-
31
-
-
84859365038
-
Spirit Medium Stalls Plans to Seal off Diamond Fields
-
5 November 2006
-
'Spirit Medium Stalls Plans to Seal off Diamond Fields', The Standard, 5 November 2006.
-
The Standard
-
-
-
32
-
-
84859370971
-
-
This was a common belief among many magweja that we interviewed, although none of them had actually witnessed it
-
This was a common belief among many magweja that we interviewed, although none of them had actually witnessed it.
-
-
-
-
33
-
-
84859318251
-
-
Interview with David (not his real name)
-
Interview with David (not his real name).
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
84859370946
-
Diamond Rush
-
The Manica Post 6 October 2006
-
'Diamond Rush', The Manica Post, 6 October 2006.
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
84859313081
-
-
Note
-
Interview with Farai Dombo, 18 August 2009. I must thank a colleague and friend, Bernard Kusena, for directing me to this informant and for other insights into the area.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
84859318252
-
-
Interview with Dombo
-
Interview with Dombo.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
84859356036
-
-
Interview with Lucky Nyandoro (a pseudonym), Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 23 December 2008
-
Interview with Lucky Nyandoro (a pseudonym), Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 23 December 2008.
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
84859313603
-
-
Interview with Lucky Nyandoro (a pseudonym), Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 23 December 2008
-
Interview with Lucky Nyandoro (a pseudonym), Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 23 December 2008.
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
84859335980
-
-
Interview with Lucky Nyandoro, Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 24 December 2008
-
Interview with Lucky Nyandoro, Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 24 December 2008.
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
84859335979
-
-
Note
-
Interview with a group of magweja who did not provide their names, at the shops at Outward Bound Farm in Chimanimani, 8 January 2009. They were suspicious and initially completely refused to talk to me as they were coming from the kumunda (field) where they pan for gold.
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
84859335978
-
-
Interview with Lucky Nyandoro, Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 24 December 2008
-
Interview with Lucky Nyandoro, Chakohwa Shopping Centre, 24 December 2008.
-
-
-
-
43
-
-
84894980931
-
Smuggling on the Zimbabwe-Mozambique Border
-
in Crush and Tevera
-
N. Pophiwa, 'Smuggling on the Zimbabwe-Mozambique Border', in Crush and Tevera, Zimbabwe's Exodus Crisis, p. 291.
-
Zimbabwe's Exodus Crisis
, pp. 291
-
-
Pophiwa, N.1
-
44
-
-
84859313605
-
-
Note
-
Interview with ACR officials, 28 February 2009. Revealingly, the ACR story is either misrepresented or not told in most newspapers in Zimbabwe.
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
84859335993
-
-
Interview with ACR officials, 28 February 2009
-
Interview with ACR officials, 28 February 2009.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
84859335994
-
-
Interview with ACR officials, 28 February 2009
-
Interview with ACR officials, 28 February 2009.
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
84859335981
-
The Link Between Poverty and Environmental Degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa
-
in V.U. James (ed.), Praeger Publishers, Britain
-
V. Ukpolo, 'The Link Between Poverty and Environmental Degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa', in V.U. James (ed.), Environmental and Economic Dilemmas of Developing Countries in Africa in the 21st Century (Praeger Publishers, Britain, 1994), p. 71.
-
(1994)
Environmental and Economic Dilemmas of Developing Countries In Africa In the 21st Century
, pp. 71
-
-
Ukpolo, V.1
-
53
-
-
77954166489
-
Criminality or Monopoly? Informal Immigration Enforcement in South Africa
-
D. Vigneswaren, T. Araia, C. Hoag and X. Tshabalala, 'Criminality or Monopoly? Informal Immigration Enforcement in South Africa', JSAS, 36, 2 (2010), p. 471.
-
(2010)
JSAS
, vol.36
, Issue.2
, pp. 471
-
-
Vigneswaren, D.1
Araia, T.2
Hoag, C.3
Tshabalala, X.4
-
60
-
-
84859313604
-
Diamond Rush
-
6 October 2006
-
'Diamond Rush', The Post, 6 October 2006.
-
The Post
-
-
-
61
-
-
84859335983
-
Army to Seal off Diamond Field
-
29 October 2006
-
'Army to Seal off Diamond Field', Sunday Mail, 29 October 2006.
-
Sunday Mail
-
-
-
63
-
-
84859318227
-
-
Interview with David
-
Interview with David.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
84859362142
-
Introduction: Displacing Zimbabwe
-
Hammar, McGregor and Landau (eds), 'Introduction: Displacing Zimbabwe', JSAS, 36, 2 (2010), p. 265.
-
(2010)
JSAS
, vol.36
, Issue.2
, pp. 265
-
-
Hammar, M.1
Landau2
-
66
-
-
84859328685
-
-
Note
-
'Chaos at Diamond Fields', Sunday Mail, 11 March 2007. In late 2008 another more effective and much more violent operation was launched called 'Operation Hakudzokwi' (You Will Not Return) which led to many miners and traders being removed.
-
-
-
-
68
-
-
84859304475
-
Diamonds in the Seams of her Dress
-
23 November 2006
-
'Diamonds in the Seams of her Dress', Daily Mirror, 23 November 2006.
-
Daily Mirror
-
-
-
70
-
-
84859313083
-
Business Boom at Chiadzwa
-
10 November 2006
-
'Business Boom at Chiadzwa', The Manica Post, 10 November 2006.
-
The Manica Post
-
-
-
71
-
-
84859335982
-
-
Note
-
The 'shadow state' concept was introduced by William Reno. Although it is a relevant analytical tool in some cases, its pitfalls are that it tends to generalise the African situation. It also wrongly implies that African nations, by their very nature, are not capable of governing themselves.
-
-
-
-
73
-
-
28244460016
-
Global Environmental Governance and the Challenge of Shadow States: The Impact of Illicit Sapphire Mining in Madagascar
-
September 2005
-
R. Duffy, 'Global Environmental Governance and the Challenge of Shadow States: The Impact of Illicit Sapphire Mining in Madagascar', Development and Change, 36, 5 (September 2005), pp. 829.
-
Development and Change
, vol.36
, Issue.5
, pp. 829
-
-
Duffy, R.1
-
74
-
-
28244460016
-
Global Environmental Governance and the Challenge of Shadow States: The Impact of Illicit Sapphire Mining in Madagascar
-
September 2005
-
R. Duffy, 'Global Environmental Governance and the Challenge of Shadow States: The Impact of Illicit Sapphire Mining in Madagascar', Development and Change, 36, 5 (September 2005), pp. 829.
-
Development and Change
, vol.36
, Issue.5
, pp. 829
-
-
Duffy, R.1
-
75
-
-
84859327208
-
Army to Seal off Diamond Fields
-
29 October 2006
-
'Army to Seal off Diamond Fields', Sunday Mail, 29 October 2006.
-
Sunday Mail
-
-
-
76
-
-
84859328667
-
Issuing of Mining Licences Suspended
-
Manica Post 8 December 2006
-
'Issuing of Mining Licences Suspended', Manica Post, 8 December 2006.
-
-
-
-
77
-
-
84859313063
-
Introduction: The Significance of Economic and Environmental Impact Studies in Africa's Development
-
in James (ed.)
-
V.U. James, 'Introduction: The Significance of Economic and Environmental Impact Studies in Africa's Development', in James (ed.), Environmental and Economic Dilemmas of Developing Countries, p. 69.
-
Environmental and Economic Dilemmas of Developing Countries
, pp. 69
-
-
James, V.U.1
-
78
-
-
84859328668
-
Chiadzwa: A No Go Area
-
Manica Post 9 February 2007
-
'Chiadzwa: A No Go Area', Manica Post, 9 February 2007.
-
-
-
-
79
-
-
84859328668
-
Chiadzwa: A No Go Area
-
Manica Post 9 February 2007
-
'Chiadzwa: A No Go Area', Manica Post, 9 February 2007.
-
-
-
-
80
-
-
84859328668
-
Chiadzwa: A No Go Area
-
Manica Post 9 February 2007
-
'Chiadzwa: A No Go Area', Manica Post, 9 February 2007.
-
-
-
-
81
-
-
84859328668
-
Chiadzwa: A No Go Area
-
Manica Post 9 February 2007
-
'Chiadzwa: A No Go Area', Manica Post, 9 February 2007.
-
-
-
-
92
-
-
32744460167
-
Forced Displacement and the Nation State
-
in J. Robinson, (ed.), Oxford, The Open University Press
-
D. Turton, 'Forced Displacement and the Nation State', in J. Robinson, (ed.), Development and Displacement (Oxford, The Open University Press, 2002), p. 56.
-
(2002)
Development and Displacement
, pp. 56
-
-
Turton, D.1
-
97
-
-
84859328680
-
-
www.humanrightswatch.com.
-
-
-
-
99
-
-
84859313069
-
Panners at War with Cops
-
Manica Post 28 December 2007
-
'Panners at War with Cops', Manica Post, 28 December 2007.
-
-
-
-
100
-
-
0000627180
-
Power Struggles in the Diamond Fields
-
in J. Cilliers and C. Dietrich (eds), Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies
-
C. Dietrich, Power Struggles in the Diamond Fields, in J. Cilliers and C. Dietrich (eds), Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds (Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 2000), p. 174.
-
(2000)
Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds
, pp. 174
-
-
Dietrich, C.1
-
101
-
-
0000627180
-
Power Struggles in the Diamond Fields
-
in J. Cilliers and C. Dietrich (eds), Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies
-
C. Dietrich, Power Struggles in the Diamond Fields, in J. Cilliers and C. Dietrich (eds), Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds (Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 2000), p. 174.
-
(2000)
Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds
, pp. 174
-
-
Dietrich, C.1
-
102
-
-
84859328669
-
-
Interview with a roadblock policeman who preferred to remain anonymous, 29 December 2008
-
Interview with a roadblock policeman who preferred to remain anonymous, 29 December 2008.
-
-
-
-
103
-
-
84859328671
-
-
Note
-
Interview with an artisanal miner who preferred to remain anonymous. The interview was facilitated by one of other respondents, David, on 24 December 2008.
-
-
-
-
104
-
-
0000627180
-
Power Struggles in the Diamond Fields
-
in J. Cilliers and C. Dietrich (eds), Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies
-
C. Dietrich, Power Struggles in the Diamond Fields, in J. Cilliers and C. Dietrich (eds), Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds (Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 2000), p. 174.
-
(2000)
Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds
, pp. 174
-
-
Dietrich, C.1
-
107
-
-
84859313070
-
-
Note
-
J. Nyamunda of Fern Valley Commuter Operator, held on 8 January 2009. Some of his commuters ply the Mutare to Nyanyadzi or Mutare to Marange routes.
-
-
-
-
108
-
-
84859304461
-
Net Closes in on Diamond Barons
-
4 March 2007
-
'Net Closes in on Diamond Barons', Sunday Mail, 4 March 2007.
-
Sunday Mail
-
-
-
109
-
-
84859304461
-
Net Closes in on Diamond Barons
-
4 March 2007
-
'Net Closes in on Diamond Barons', Sunday Mail, 4 March 2007.
-
Sunday Mail
-
-
-
111
-
-
84859304461
-
Net Closes in on Diamond Barons
-
4 March 2007
-
'Net Closes in on Diamond Barons', Sunday Mail, 4 March 2007.
-
Sunday Mail
-
-
-
112
-
-
84859328676
-
Shady Diamond Auctions: Top Officials, MMCZ Sucked in
-
4 March 2007
-
'Shady Diamond Auctions: Top Officials, MMCZ Sucked in', Sunday Mirror, 4 March 2007.
-
Sunday Mirror
-
-
-
113
-
-
84859328676
-
Shady Diamond Auctions: Top Officials, MMCZ Sucked in
-
4 March 2007
-
'Shady Diamond Auctions: Top Officials, MMCZ Sucked in', Sunday Mirror, 4 March 2007.
-
Sunday Mirror
-
-
-
114
-
-
84859328672
-
Lessons From Marange Diamond Panning
-
February 2009
-
'Lessons From Marange Diamond Panning', Daily Mirror, February 2009.
-
Daily Mirror
-
-
-
115
-
-
84859328672
-
Lessons From Marange Diamond Panning
-
February 2009
-
'Lessons From Marange Diamond Panning', Daily Mirror, February 2009.
-
Daily Mirror
-
-
-
116
-
-
84859328675
-
Government Invites 11 Companies to Partner in the Mining of Diamonds
-
July 2009
-
'Government Invites 11 Companies to Partner in the Mining of Diamonds', Business Herald, July 2009.
-
Business Herald
-
-
-
118
-
-
84882644757
-
-
unpublished working paper, University of Manchester, Governance Initiatives and Post Conflict Developments In Sierra Leone
-
Maconachie, Governance Initiatives and Post Conflict Developments in Sierra Leone', Governance Initiatives and Post Conflict Developments in Sierra Leone' (unpublished working paper, University of Manchester), p. 103.
-
Governance Initiatives and Post Conflict Developments in Sierra Leone
, pp. 103
-
-
Maconachie1
-
119
-
-
84859328670
-
Terror in Marange
-
4 March 2007
-
'Terror in Marange', The Chronicle, 4 March 2007.
-
The Chronicle
-
-
|