Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;Etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólica

Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas

Volumn 105, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 409-420

  Martín Domínguez, Verónica ^a   Gonzálezs Casas, Rosario ^a   Mendoza Jiménez Ridruejo, Jorge ^a   García Buey, Luisa ^a   Moreno Otero, Ricardo ^a  

^a Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa   (Spain)

Author keywords

Fibrosis; Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); Steatohepatitis; Steatosis

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; OXYGEN RADICAL;

ARTICLE; DISEASE COURSE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIVER BIOPSY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; OBESITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; SEROLOGY; SURVIVAL; HUMAN; NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE;

HUMANS; NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE;

EID: 84890469071     PISSN: 11300108     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4321/S1130-01082013000700006     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Masutti F, Croce LS, Brandi G, Sasso F, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in Northern Italy. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:112-117.
2. Bugianesi E, Leone N, Vanni E, Marchesini G, Brunello F, Carucci P, et al. Expanding the natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: From cryptogenic cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2002;123:134-140.
3. Bellentani S, Scaglioni F, Marino M, Bedogni G. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis 2010;28:155-161.
4. Romero FP. Will non-invasive testing replace liver biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)? Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2009;101:521-527.
5. Moreno-Sanchez D. Epidemiology and natural history of primary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;29:244-254.
6. Daly AK, Ballestri S, Carulli L, Loria P, Day CP. Genetic determinants of susceptibility and severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;5:253-263.
7. Solis-Herruzo JA, Solis-Munoz P. Genetic factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2008;100:195-201.
8. Zain SM, Mohamed R, Mahadeva S, Cheah PL, Rampal S, Basu RC, et al. A multi-ethnic study of a PNPLA3 gene variant and its association with disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hum Genet 2012;131:1145-1152.
9. Machado M V, Cortez-Pinto H. Non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - A critical appraisal. J Hepatol 2012;Nov 23 (Epub ahead of print).
10. Targher G, Marra F, Marchesini G. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: causal effect or epipheno-menon? Diabetologia 2008;51:1947-1953.
11. Solís Herruzo JA, García Ruiz I, Pérez Carreras M, Munoz Yague MT. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. From insulin resistance to mitochon-drial dysfunction. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2006;98:844-874.
12. Hashimoto E, Tokushige K. Prevalence, gender, ethnic variations, and prognosis of NASH. J Gastroenterol 2011;46(Supl. 1):63-69.
13. Schindhelm RK, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Bouter LM, Stehouwer CD, Heine RJ, et al. Alanine aminotransferase predicts coronary heart disease events: A 10-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study. Atherosclerosis 2007;191:391-396.
14. Bonora E, Targher G. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease in NAFLD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;9:372-381.
15. Inoue K, Kodama T, Daida H. Pentraxin 3: A novel biomar-ker for inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Int J Vasc Med 2012;2012:657025.doi. 10:1155/2012/657025. Epub 2012 Jan 14.
16. Medina J, Fernández-Salazar LI, García-Buey L, Moreno-Otero R. Approach to the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2057-2066.
17. Day C P, James OF. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two "hits"? Gastroente-rology 1998;114:842-845.
18. Medina J, Moreno-Otero R. Pathophysiological basis for antioxidant therapy in chronic liver disease. Drugs 2005;65:2445-2461.
19. Majano PL, García-Monzón C, López-Cabrera M, Lara-Pezzi E, Fer-nández-Ruiz E, Garcia-Iglesias C, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in chronic viral hepatitis. Evidence for a virus-induced gene upregulation. J Clin Invest 1998;101:1343-1352.
20. García-Monzón C, Majano PL, Zubia I, Sanz P, Apolinario A, Moreno-Otero R. Intrahepatic accumulation of nitrotyrosine in chronic viral hepatitis is associated with histological severity of liver disease. J Hepatol 2000;32:331-338.
21. Carter-Kent C, Zein NN, Feldstein AE. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of fatty liver and disease progression to steatohepatitis: Implications for treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1036-1042.
22. Sanz-Cameno P, Medina J, García-Buey L, García-Sánchez A, Borque MJ, Martin-Vilchez S, et al. Enhanced intrahepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrotyrosine accumulation in primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2002;37:723-729.
23. García-Monzón C, Martin-Pérez E, Iacono OL, Fernández-Bermejo M, Majano PL, Apolinario A, et al. Characterization of pathogenic and prognostic factors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated with obesity. J Hepatol 2000;33:716-724.
24. Kaser S, Moschen A, Cayon A, Kaser A, Crespo J, Pons-Romero F, et al. Adiponectin and its receptors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2005;54:117-121.
25. Luo R, Li X, Jiang R, Gao X, Lu Z, Hua W. Serum concentrations of resistin and adiponectin and their relationship to insulin resistance in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. J Int Med Res 2012;40:621-630.
26. Aller R, De Luis DA, Izaola O, Gonzalez Sagrado M, Conde R, Pache-co D, et al. Lys656Asn polymorphism of leptin receptor, leptin levels and insulin resistance in patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012;16:335-341.
27. Ilan Y. Leaky gut and the liver: A role for bacterial translocation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:2609-2618.
28. Mallat A, Lotersztajn S. Endocannabinoids and liver disease. I. Endo-cannabinoids and their receptors in the liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008;294:G9-G12.
29. Fierbinteanu-Braticevici C, Dina I, Petrisor A, Tribus L, Negreanu L, Carstoiu C. Noninvasive investigations for non alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fbrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:4784-4791.
30. Festi D, Schiumerini R, Marzi L, Di Biase AR, Mandolesi D, Montro-ne L, et al. Review article: The diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - availability and accuracy of non-invasive methods. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;37:392-400.
31. Wilson SR, Rosen IE, Chin-Sang HB, Arenson AM. Fatty infltration of the liver -an imaging challenge. J Can Assoc Radiol 1982;33:227-232.
32. Friedrich-Rust M, Romen D, Vermehren J, Kriener S, Sadet D, Herrmann E, et al. Acoustic radiation force impulse-imaging and transient elastography for non-invasive assessment of liver fbrosis and steatosis in NAFLD. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:e325-e331.
33. de Ledinghen V, Vergniol J, Foucher J, Merrouche W, le Bail B. Non-invasive diagnosis of liver steatosis using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and transient elastography. Liver Int 2012;32:911-918.
34. Brunt EM, Janney CG, Di Bisceglie AM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Bacon BR. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:2467-2474.
35. Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Van Natta M, Behling C, Contos MJ, Cum-mings OW, et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2005;41:1313-1321.
36. Cobo Martin M, Fernandez Gil P, Crespo J. Treatment of fatty liver disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;31:229-238.
37. Kaser S, Ebenbichler CF, Tilg H. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Clin Pract 2010;64:968-983.
38. Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, Guidone C, Iaconelli A, Lec-cesi L, et al. Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1577-1585.
39. Carlsson LM, Peltonen M, Ahlin S, Anveden A, Bouchard C, Carlsson B, et al. Bariatric surgery and prevention of type 2 diabetes in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med 2012;367:695-704.
40. Shyangdan D, Clar C, Ghouri N, Henderson R, Gurung T, Preiss D, et al. Insulin sensitisers in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2011;15:1-110.
41. Lutchman G, Modi A, Kleiner DE, Promrat K, Heller T, Ghany M, et al. The effects of discontinuing pioglitazone in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2007;46:424-429.
42. Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Bernhardt C, Giral P, Halbron M, Lenaour G, et al. Long-term effcacy of rosiglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Results of the fatty liver improvement by rosiglitazone therapy (FLIRT 2) extension trial. Hepatology 2010;51:445-453.
43. Akcam M, Boyaci A, Pirgon O, Kaya S, Uysal S, Dundar BN. Therapeutic effect of metformin and vitamin E versus prescriptive diet in obese adolescents with fatty liver. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2011;81:398-406.
44. Duseja A, Das A, Dhiman RK, Chawla YK, Thumburu KT, Bhadada S, et al. Metformin is effective in achieving biochemical response in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) not responding to lifestyle interventions. Ann Hepatol 2007;6:222-226.
45. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepati- tis: Summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology 2003;37:1202-1219.
46. Harrison SA, Fecht W, Brunt EM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Orlistat for overweight subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, prospective trial. Hepatology 2009;49:80-86.
47. Argo CK, Loria P, Caldwell SH, Lonardo A. Statins in liver disease: A molehill, an iceberg, or neither? Hepatology 2008;48:662-669.
48. Nelson A, Torres DM, Morgan AE, Fincke C, Harrison SA. A pilot study using simvastatin in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009;43:990-994.
49. Gómez-Domínguez E, Gisbert JP, Moreno-Monteagudo JA, García-Buey L, Moreno-Otero R. A pilot study of atorvastatin treatment in dyslipemid, non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:1643-1647.
50. Nakahara T, Hyogo H, Kimura Y, Ishitobi T, Arihiro K, Aikata H, et al. Effcacy of rosuvastatin for the treatment of non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis with dyslipidemia: An open-label, pilot study. Hepatol Res 2012;42:1065-1072.
51. Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Gossios TD, Griva T, Anagnostis P, Kar-giotis K, et al. Safety and effcacy of long-term statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: A post-hoc analysis. Lancet 2010;376:1916-1922.
52. Solís Herruzo JA, Solís Munoz P. Melatonin and oxidative stress. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2009;101:453-459.
53. Zein CO, Lopez R, Fu X, Kirwan JP, Yerian LM, McCullough AJ, et al. Pentoxifylline decreases oxidized lipid products in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: New evidence on the potential therapeutic mechanism. Hepatology 2013;56:1291-1299.
54. Ratziu V, de Ledinghen V, Oberti F, Mathurin P, Wartelle-Bladou C, Renou C, et al. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose ursodesoxycho-lic acid for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2011;54:1011-1019.
55. Chung M Y, Yeung SF, Park HJ, Volek JS, Bruno RS. Dietary alpha-and gamma-tocopherol supplementation attenuates lipopolysacchari-de-induced oxidative stress and infammatory-related responses in an obese mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Nutr Biochem 2010;21:1200-1206.
56. Adorini L, Pruzanski M, Shapiro D. Farnesoid X receptor targeting to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Drug Discov Today 2012;17:988-997.
57. Guillygomarc'h A, Mendler MH, Moirand R, Laine F, Quentin V, David V, et al. Venesection therapy of insulin resistance-associated hepatic iron overload. J Hepatol 2001;35:344-349.
58. Parker HM, Johnson NA, Burdon CA, Cohn JS, O'Connor HT, George J. Omega-3 supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2012;56:944-951.
59. Sanyal AJ. AGA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1705-1725.