메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue NOV, 2013, Pages

Relationship between glutamate dysfunction and symptoms and cognitive function in psychosis

Author keywords

Glutamate; Imaging; MRS; NMDA; Psychosis; schizophrenia; Spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; LAMOTRIGINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

EID: 84889657770     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16640640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00151     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (76)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 84862606673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia: neuroimaging and drug development
    • doi: 10.2174/138920112800784961
    • Egerton A, Stone JM. The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia: neuroimaging and drug development. Curr Pharm Biotechnol (2012) 13(8):1500-12. doi: 10.2174/138920112800784961
    • (2012) Curr Pharm Biotechnol , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 1500-1512
    • Egerton, A.1    Stone, J.M.2
  • 2
    • 68049147258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms as mediators of the relationship between neurocognition and functional outcome in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.035
    • Ventura J, Hellemann GS, Thames AD, Koellner V, Nuechterlein KH. Symptoms as mediators of the relationship between neurocognition and functional outcome in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res (2009) 113(2-3):189-99. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.035
    • (2009) Schizophr Res , vol.113 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 189-199
    • Ventura, J.1    Hellemann, G.S.2    Thames, A.D.3    Koellner, V.4    Nuechterlein, K.H.5
  • 3
    • 0033206759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms
    • doi:10.1007/s11920-999-0007-z
    • Javitt DC. Treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms. Curr Psychiatry Rep (1999) 1(1):25-30. doi:10.1007/s11920-999-0007-z
    • (1999) Curr Psychiatry Rep , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-30
    • Javitt, D.C.1
  • 4
    • 0028323167 scopus 로고
    • Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans-psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004
    • Krystal JH, Karper LP, Seibyl JP, Freeman GK, Delaney R, Bremner JD, et al. Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans-psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1994) 51(3):199-214. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004
    • (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 199-214
    • Krystal, J.H.1    Karper, L.P.2    Seibyl, J.P.3    Freeman, G.K.4    Delaney, R.5    Bremner, J.D.6
  • 5
    • 0033080733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine-induced NMDA receptor hypofunction as a model of memory impairment and psychosis
    • doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00067-0
    • Newcomer JW, Farber NB, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Selke G, Melson AK, Hershey T, et al. Ketamine-induced NMDA receptor hypofunction as a model of memory impairment and psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology (1999) 20(2):106-18. doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00067-0
    • (1999) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 106-118
    • Newcomer, J.W.1    Farber, N.B.2    Jevtovic-Todorovic, V.3    Selke, G.4    Melson, A.K.5    Hershey, T.6
  • 6
    • 0029927565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor function and human cognition: the effects of ketamine in healthy volunteers
    • doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00137-3
    • Malhotra AK, Pinals DA, Weingartner H, Sirocco K, Missar CD, Pickar D, et al. NMDA receptor function and human cognition: the effects of ketamine in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology (1996) 14(5):301-7. doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00137-3
    • (1996) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 301-307
    • Malhotra, A.K.1    Pinals, D.A.2    Weingartner, H.3    Sirocco, K.4    Missar, C.D.5    Pickar, D.6
  • 7
    • 0030749913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine-induced exacerbation of psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment in neuroleptic-free schizophrenics
    • doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00036-5
    • Malhotra AK, Pinals DA, Adler CM, Elman I, Clifton A, Pickar D, et al. Ketamine-induced exacerbation of psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment in neuroleptic-free schizophrenics. Neuropsychopharmacology (1997) 17(3):141-50. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00036-5
    • (1997) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 141-150
    • Malhotra, A.K.1    Pinals, D.A.2    Adler, C.M.3    Elman, I.4    Clifton, A.5    Pickar, D.6
  • 8
    • 0029162231 scopus 로고
    • Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/0893-133X(94)00131-I
    • Lahti AC, Koffel B, Laporte D, Tamminga CA. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (1995) 13(1):9-19. doi:10.1016/0893-133X(94)00131-I
    • (1995) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-19
    • Lahti, A.C.1    Koffel, B.2    Laporte, D.3    Tamminga, C.A.4
  • 9
    • 24344462681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative and interactive human psychopharmacologic effects of ketamine and amphetamine-implications for glutamatergic and dopaminergic model psychoses and cognitive function
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.9.985
    • Krystal JH, Perry EB, Gueorguieva R, Belger A, Madonich SH, Abi-Dargham A, et al. Comparative and interactive human psychopharmacologic effects of ketamine and amphetamine-implications for glutamatergic and dopaminergic model psychoses and cognitive function. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2005) 62(9):985-95. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.9.985
    • (2005) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.9 , pp. 985-995
    • Krystal, J.H.1    Perry, E.B.2    Gueorguieva, R.3    Belger, A.4    Madonich, S.H.5    Abi-Dargham, A.6
  • 10
    • 27844508674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of noncompetitive NMDA receptor blockade on anterior cingulate cerebral blood flow in volunteers with schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300824
    • Holcomb HH, Lahti AC, Medoff DR, Cullen T, Tamminga CA. Effects of noncompetitive NMDA receptor blockade on anterior cingulate cerebral blood flow in volunteers with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2005) 30(12):2275-82. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300824
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 2275-2282
    • Holcomb, H.H.1    Lahti, A.C.2    Medoff, D.R.3    Cullen, T.4    Tamminga, C.A.5
  • 11
    • 38949173198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and the neural basis of the subjective effects of ketamine
    • doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.37
    • Deakin JFW, Lees J, McKie S, Hallak JEC, Williams SR, Dursun SM. Glutamate and the neural basis of the subjective effects of ketamine. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2008) 65(2):154-64. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.37
    • (2008) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 154-164
    • Deakin, J.F.W.1    Lees, J.2    McKie, S.3    Hallak, J.E.C.4    Williams, S.R.5    Dursun, S.M.6
  • 12
    • 84867471011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test-retest reliability of the BOLD pharmacological MRI response to ketamine in healthy volunteers
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.037
    • De Simoni S, Schwarz AJ, O'Daly OG, Marquand AF, Brittain C, Gonzales C, et al. Test-retest reliability of the BOLD pharmacological MRI response to ketamine in healthy volunteers. Neuroimage (2013) 64:75-90. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.037
    • (2013) Neuroimage , vol.64 , pp. 75-90
    • De Simoni, S.1    Schwarz, A.J.2    O'Daly, O.G.3    Marquand, A.F.4    Brittain, C.5    Gonzales, C.6
  • 13
    • 0034984928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential regional cerebral blood flow brain scans using PET with (H2O)-O-15 demonstrate ketamine actions in CNS dynamically
    • doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00229-9
    • Holcomb HH, Lahti AC, Medoff DR, Weiler M, Tamminga CA. Sequential regional cerebral blood flow brain scans using PET with (H2O)-O-15 demonstrate ketamine actions in CNS dynamically. Neuropsychopharmacology (2001) 25(2):165-72. doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00229-9
    • (2001) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-172
    • Holcomb, H.H.1    Lahti, A.C.2    Medoff, D.R.3    Weiler, M.4    Tamminga, C.A.5
  • 14
    • 31544442970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First in vivo evidence of an NMDA receptor deficit in medication-free schizophrenic patients
    • doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001751
    • Pilowsky LS, Bressan RA, Stone JM, Erlandsson K, Mulligan RS, Krystal JH, et al. First in vivo evidence of an NMDA receptor deficit in medication-free schizophrenic patients. Mol Psychiatry (2006) 11(2):118-9. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001751
    • (2006) Mol Psychiatry , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 118-119
    • Pilowsky, L.S.1    Bressan, R.A.2    Stone, J.M.3    Erlandsson, K.4    Mulligan, R.S.5    Krystal, J.H.6
  • 15
    • 43149093378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms and NMDA receptor occupancy-a I-123 CNS-1261 SPET study
    • doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1047-x
    • Stone JM, Erlandsson K, Arstad E, Squassante L, Teneggi V, Bressan RA, et al. Relationship between ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms and NMDA receptor occupancy-a I-123 CNS-1261 SPET study. Psychopharmacology (2008) 197(3):401-8. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1047-x
    • (2008) Psychopharmacology , vol.197 , Issue.3 , pp. 401-408
    • Stone, J.M.1    Erlandsson, K.2    Arstad, E.3    Squassante, L.4    Teneggi, V.5    Bressan, R.A.6
  • 16
    • 75749120149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field strength dependence of PRESS timings for simultaneous detection of glutamate and glutamine from 1.5 to 7 T
    • doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2009.12.002
    • Snyder J, Wilman A. Field strength dependence of PRESS timings for simultaneous detection of glutamate and glutamine from 1.5 to 7 T. J Magn Reson (2010) 203(1):66-72. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2009.12.002
    • (2010) J Magn Reson , vol.203 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-72
    • Snyder, J.1    Wilman, A.2
  • 17
    • 80052830781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-13 MRS studies of neuroenergetics and neurotransmitter cycling in humans
    • doi:10.1002/nbm.1772
    • Rothman DL, De Feyter HM, de Graaf RA, Mason GF, Behar KL. C-13 MRS studies of neuroenergetics and neurotransmitter cycling in humans. NMR Biomed (2011) 24(8):943-57. doi:10.1002/nbm.1772
    • (2011) NMR Biomed , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 943-957
    • Rothman, D.L.1    De Feyter, H.M.2    de Graaf, R.A.3    Mason, G.F.4    Behar, K.L.5
  • 18
    • 77952888256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H-1-MRS at 4 Tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1038/mp.2009.121
    • Bustillo JR, Rowland LM, Mullins P, Jung R, Chen H, Qualls C, et al. H-1-MRS at 4 Tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry (2010) 15(6):629-36. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.121
    • (2010) Mol Psychiatry , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 629-636
    • Bustillo, J.R.1    Rowland, L.M.2    Mullins, P.3    Jung, R.4    Chen, H.5    Qualls, C.6
  • 19
    • 0036843574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and glutamine measured with 4.0 T proton MRS in never-treated patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1944
    • Theberge J, Bartha R, Drost DJ, Menon RS, Malla A, Takhar J, et al. Glutamate and glutamine measured with 4.0 T proton MRS in never-treated patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. Am J Psychiatry (2002) 159(11):1944-6. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1944
    • (2002) Am J Psychiatry , vol.159 , Issue.11 , pp. 1944-1946
    • Theberge, J.1    Bartha, R.2    Drost, D.J.3    Menon, R.S.4    Malla, A.5    Takhar, J.6
  • 20
    • 0030900732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by ketamine: a novel step in the pathway from NMDA receptor blockade to dopaminergic and cognitive disruptions associated with the prefrontal cortex
    • Moghaddam B, Adams B, Verma A, Daly D. Activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by ketamine: a novel step in the pathway from NMDA receptor blockade to dopaminergic and cognitive disruptions associated with the prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci (1997) 17(8):2921-7.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 2921-2927
    • Moghaddam, B.1    Adams, B.2    Verma, A.3    Daly, D.4
  • 21
    • 67649914853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical changes in the rat prefrontal cortex following acute phencyclidine treatment: an in vivo localized H-1 MRS study
    • doi:10.1002/nbm.1385
    • Iltis I, Koski DM, Eberly LE, Nelson CD, Deelchand DK, Valette J, et al. Neurochemical changes in the rat prefrontal cortex following acute phencyclidine treatment: an in vivo localized H-1 MRS study. NMR Biomed (2009) 22(7):737-44. doi:10.1002/nbm.1385
    • (2009) NMR Biomed , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 737-744
    • Iltis, I.1    Koski, D.M.2    Eberly, L.E.3    Nelson, C.D.4    Deelchand, D.K.5    Valette, J.6
  • 22
    • 84855329430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo and ex vivo evidence for ketamine-induced hyperglutamatergic activity in the cerebral cortex of the rat: potential relevance to schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1002/nbm.1681
    • Kim SY, Lee H, Kim HJ, Bang E, Lee SH, Lee DW, et al. In vivo and ex vivo evidence for ketamine-induced hyperglutamatergic activity in the cerebral cortex of the rat: potential relevance to schizophrenia. NMR Biomed (2011) 24(10):1235-42. doi:10.1002/nbm.1681
    • (2011) NMR Biomed , vol.24 , Issue.10 , pp. 1235-1242
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Lee, H.2    Kim, H.J.3    Bang, E.4    Lee, S.H.5    Lee, D.W.6
  • 23
    • 13444267336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ketamine on anterior cingulate glutamate metabolism in healthy humans: a 4-T proton MRS study
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.394
    • Rowland LM, Bustillo JR, Mullins PG, Jung RE, Lenroot R, Landgraf E, et al. Effects of ketamine on anterior cingulate glutamate metabolism in healthy humans: a 4-T proton MRS study. Am J Psychiatry (2005) 162(2):394-6. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.394
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , Issue.2 , pp. 394-396
    • Rowland, L.M.1    Bustillo, J.R.2    Mullins, P.G.3    Jung, R.E.4    Lenroot, R.5    Landgraf, E.6
  • 24
    • 84862754626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine effects on brain GABA and glutamate levels with 1H-MRS: relationship to ketamine-induced psychopathology
    • doi:10.1038/mp.2011.171
    • Stone JM, Dietrich C, Edden R, Mehta MA, De Simoni S, Reed LJ, et al. Ketamine effects on brain GABA and glutamate levels with 1H-MRS: relationship to ketamine-induced psychopathology. Mol Psychiatry (2012) 17(7):664-5. doi:10.1038/mp.2011.171
    • (2012) Mol Psychiatry , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 664-665
    • Stone, J.M.1    Dietrich, C.2    Edden, R.3    Mehta, M.A.4    De Simoni, S.5    Reed, L.J.6
  • 25
    • 35548991088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor hypofunction produces opposite effects on prefrontal cortex Interneurons and pyramidal neurons
    • doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2213-07.2007
    • Homayoun H, Moghaddam B. NMDA receptor hypofunction produces opposite effects on prefrontal cortex Interneurons and pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci (2007) 27(43):11496-500. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2213-07.2007
    • (2007) J Neurosci , vol.27 , Issue.43 , pp. 11496-11500
    • Homayoun, H.1    Moghaddam, B.2
  • 26
    • 77956903987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessments of function and biochemistry of the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.013
    • Reid MA, Stoeckel LE, White DM, Avsar KB, Bolding MS, Akella NS, et al. Assessments of function and biochemistry of the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry (2010) 68(7):625-33. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.013
    • (2010) Biol Psychiatry , vol.68 , Issue.7 , pp. 625-633
    • Reid, M.A.1    Stoeckel, L.E.2    White, D.M.3    Avsar, K.B.4    Bolding, M.S.5    Akella, N.S.6
  • 27
    • 71849110853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with the neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a preliminary study
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.031
    • Shirayama Y, Obata T, Matsuzawa D, Nonaka H, Kanazawa Y, Yoshitome E, et al. Specific metabolites in the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with the neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Neuroimage (2010) 49(3):2783-90. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.031
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 2783-2790
    • Shirayama, Y.1    Obata, T.2    Matsuzawa, D.3    Nonaka, H.4    Kanazawa, Y.5    Yoshitome, E.6
  • 28
    • 60549094588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite changes and gender differences in schizophrenia using 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS)
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.11.014
    • Tayoshi S, Sumitani S, Taniguchi K, Shibuya-Tayoshi S, Numata S, Iga J, et al. Metabolite changes and gender differences in schizophrenia using 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS). Schizophr Res (2009) 108(1-3):69-77. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.11.014
    • (2009) Schizophr Res , vol.108 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 69-77
    • Tayoshi, S.1    Sumitani, S.2    Taniguchi, K.3    Shibuya-Tayoshi, S.4    Numata, S.5    Iga, J.6
  • 29
    • 7244220611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2231
    • Theberge J, Al-Semaan Y, Williamson PC, Menon RS, Neufeld RWJ, Rajakumar N, et al. Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS. Am J Psychiatry (2003) 160(12):2231-3. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2231
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , Issue.12 , pp. 2231-2233
    • Theberge, J.1    Al-Semaan, Y.2    Williamson, P.C.3    Menon, R.S.4    Neufeld, R.W.J.5    Rajakumar, N.6
  • 30
    • 34447270812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for neuronal dysfunction in the anterior cingulate of patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3 T
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.05.008
    • Wood SJ, Yucel M, Wellard RM, Harrison BJ, Clarke K, Fornito A, et al. Evidence for neuronal dysfunction in the anterior cingulate of patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3 T. Schizophr Res (2007) 94(1-3):328-31. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.05.008
    • (2007) Schizophr Res , vol.94 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 328-331
    • Wood, S.J.1    Yucel, M.2    Wellard, R.M.3    Harrison, B.J.4    Clarke, K.5    Fornito, A.6
  • 31
    • 84860743254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated prefrontal cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in schizophrenia measured in vivo with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1519
    • Kegeles LS, Mao XL, Stanford AD, Girgis R, Ojeil N, Xu XY, et al. Elevated prefrontal cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in schizophrenia measured in vivo with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2012) 69(5):449-59. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1519
    • (2012) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 449-459
    • Kegeles, L.S.1    Mao, X.L.2    Stanford, A.D.3    Girgis, R.4    Ojeil, N.5    Xu, X.Y.6
  • 32
    • 0028535504 scopus 로고
    • 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy characterization of neuronal dysfunction in drug-naive, chronic schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80716-0
    • Choe BY, Kim KT, Suh TS, Lee C, Paik IH, Bahk YW, et al. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy characterization of neuronal dysfunction in drug-naive, chronic schizophrenia. Acad Radiol (1994) 1(3):211-6. doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80716-0
    • (1994) Acad Radiol , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-216
    • Choe, B.Y.1    Kim, K.T.2    Suh, T.S.3    Lee, C.4    Paik, I.H.5    Bahk, Y.W.6
  • 33
    • 35048894824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal grey-matter and glutamatergic losses in first-episode schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.033670
    • Theberge J, Williamson KE, Aoyama N, Drost DJ, Manchanda R, Malla AK, et al. Longitudinal grey-matter and glutamatergic losses in first-episode schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry (2007) 191:325-34. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.033670
    • (2007) Br J Psychiatry , vol.191 , pp. 325-334
    • Theberge, J.1    Williamson, K.E.2    Aoyama, N.3    Drost, D.J.4    Manchanda, R.5    Malla, A.K.6
  • 34
    • 79957984764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grey matter and social functioning correlates of glutamatergic metabolite loss in schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.079608
    • Aoyama N, Theberge J, Drost DJ, Manchanda R, Northcott S, Neufeld RWJ, et al. Grey matter and social functioning correlates of glutamatergic metabolite loss in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry (2011) 198(6):448-56. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.079608
    • (2011) Br J Psychiatry , vol.198 , Issue.6 , pp. 448-456
    • Aoyama, N.1    Theberge, J.2    Drost, D.J.3    Manchanda, R.4    Northcott, S.5    Neufeld, R.W.J.6
  • 35
    • 82855165185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Region and state specific glutamate downregulation in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of H-1-MRS findings
    • doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.014
    • Luykx JJ, Laban KG, van den Heuvel MP, Boks MPM, Mandl RCW, Kahn RS, et al. Region and state specific glutamate downregulation in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of H-1-MRS findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev (2012) 36(1):198-205. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.014
    • (2012) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 198-205
    • Luykx, J.J.1    Laban, K.G.2    van den Heuvel, M.P.3    Boks, M.P.M.4    Mandl, R.C.W.5    Kahn, R.S.6
  • 36
    • 67349088001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects with high genetic risk of schizophrenia: investigation of anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.036
    • Yoo SY, Yeon S, Choi CH, Kang DH, Lee JM, Shin NY, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects with high genetic risk of schizophrenia: investigation of anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Schizophr Res (2009) 111(1-3):86-93. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.036
    • (2009) Schizophr Res , vol.111 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 86-93
    • Yoo, S.Y.1    Yeon, S.2    Choi, C.H.3    Kang, D.H.4    Lee, J.M.5    Shin, N.Y.6
  • 37
    • 79960306528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher levels of glutamate in the associative-striatum of subjects with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia and patients with first-episode psychosis
    • doi:10.1038/npp.2011.65
    • de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Leon-Ortiz P, Favila R, Stephano S, Mamo D, Ramirez-Bermudez J, et al. Higher levels of glutamate in the associative-striatum of subjects with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia and patients with first-episode psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology (2011) 36(9):1781-91. doi:10.1038/npp.2011.65
    • (2011) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 1781-1791
    • de la Fuente-Sandoval, C.1    Leon-Ortiz, P.2    Favila, R.3    Stephano, S.4    Mamo, D.5    Ramirez-Bermudez, J.6
  • 38
    • 84866403335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anterior cingulate glutamate levels related to clinical status following treatment in first-episode schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1038/npp.2012.113
    • Egerton A, Brugger S, Raffin M, Barker GJ, Lythgoe DJ, McGuire PK, et al. Anterior cingulate glutamate levels related to clinical status following treatment in first-episode schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37(11):2515-21. doi:10.1038/npp.2012.113
    • (2012) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.37 , Issue.11 , pp. 2515-2521
    • Egerton, A.1    Brugger, S.2    Raffin, M.3    Barker, G.J.4    Lythgoe, D.J.5    McGuire, P.K.6
  • 39
    • 0029959563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of schizophrenia patients
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/22.4.597
    • Stanley JA, Williamson PC, Drost DJ, Rylett RJ, Carr TJ, Malla A, et al. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull (1996) 22(4):597-609. doi:10.1093/schbul/22.4.597
    • (1996) Schizophr Bull , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 597-609
    • Stanley, J.A.1    Williamson, P.C.2    Drost, D.J.3    Rylett, R.J.4    Carr, T.J.5    Malla, A.6
  • 40
    • 0031466522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of glutamate and glutamine in the medial prefrontal cortex of never-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830220085012
    • Bartha R, Williamson PC, Drost DJ, Malla A, Carr TJ, Cortese L, et al. Measurement of glutamate and glutamine in the medial prefrontal cortex of never-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1997) 54(10):959-65. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830220085012
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 959-965
    • Bartha, R.1    Williamson, P.C.2    Drost, D.J.3    Malla, A.4    Carr, T.J.5    Cortese, L.6
  • 41
    • 11844304922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in chronic but not in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.08.021
    • Ohrmann P, Siegmund A, Suslow T, Spitzberg K, Kersting A, Arolt V, et al. Evidence for glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in chronic but not in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Schizophr Res (2005) 73(2-3):153-7. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.08.021
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.73 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 153-157
    • Ohrmann, P.1    Siegmund, A.2    Suslow, T.3    Spitzberg, K.4    Kersting, A.5    Arolt, V.6
  • 42
    • 56149091428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning potential on the WCST in schizophrenia is related to the neuronal integrity of the anterior cingulate cortex as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.08.005
    • Ohrmann P, Kugel H, Bauer J, Siegmund A, Kolkebeck K, Suslow T, et al. Learning potential on the WCST in schizophrenia is related to the neuronal integrity of the anterior cingulate cortex as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Schizophr Res (2008) 106(2-3):156-63. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.08.005
    • (2008) Schizophr Res , vol.106 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 156-163
    • Ohrmann, P.1    Kugel, H.2    Bauer, J.3    Siegmund, A.4    Kolkebeck, K.5    Suslow, T.6
  • 43
    • 78650034460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate as a marker of cognitive function in schizophrenia: a proton spectroscopic imaging study at 4 Tesla
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.024
    • Bustillo JR, Chen HJ, Gasparovic C, Mullins P, Caprihan A, Qualls C, et al. Glutamate as a marker of cognitive function in schizophrenia: a proton spectroscopic imaging study at 4 Tesla. Biol Psychiatry (2011) 69(1):19-27. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.024
    • (2011) Biol Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-27
    • Bustillo, J.R.1    Chen, H.J.2    Gasparovic, C.3    Mullins, P.4    Caprihan, A.5    Qualls, C.6
  • 45
    • 84878988768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the substantia nigra in schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.036
    • Reid MA, Kraguljac NV, Avsar KB, White DM, den Hollander JA, Lahti AC. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the substantia nigra in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res (2013) 147(2-3):348-54. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.036
    • (2013) Schizophr Res , vol.147 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 348-354
    • Reid, M.A.1    Kraguljac, N.V.2    Avsar, K.B.3    White, D.M.4    den Hollander, J.A.5    Lahti, A.C.6
  • 46
    • 84883482211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo measurements of glutamate, GABA, and NAAG in schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs092
    • Rowland L, Kontson K, West J, Edden R, Zhu H, Wijtenburg S, et al. In vivo measurements of glutamate, GABA, and NAAG in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull (2012) 39(5):1096-104. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs092
    • (2012) Schizophr Bull , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 1096-1104
    • Rowland, L.1    Kontson, K.2    West, J.3    Edden, R.4    Zhu, H.5    Wijtenburg, S.6
  • 47
    • 84885218013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate levels in the associative striatum before and after 4 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis: a longitudinal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.289
    • de la Fuente-Sandoval C, León-Ortiz P, Azcárraga M, Stephano S, Favila R, Díaz-Galvis L, et al. Glutamate levels in the associative striatum before and after 4 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis: a longitudinal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. JAMA Psychiatry (2013) 70(10):1057-66. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.289
    • (2013) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.70 , Issue.10 , pp. 1057-1066
    • de la Fuente-Sandoval, C.1    León-Ortiz, P.2    Azcárraga, M.3    Stephano, S.4    Favila, R.5    Díaz-Galvis, L.6
  • 48
    • 84862120952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic changes in the cerebral white matter associated with schizophrenic exacerbation
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01853.x
    • Ota M, Ishikawa M, Sato N, Hori H, Sasayama D, Hattori K, et al. Glutamatergic changes in the cerebral white matter associated with schizophrenic exacerbation. Acta Psychiatr Scand (2012) 126(1):72-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01853.x
    • (2012) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-78
    • Ota, M.1    Ishikawa, M.2    Sato, N.3    Hori, H.4    Sasayama, D.5    Hattori, K.6
  • 49
    • 84893813097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic treatment resistance in schizophrenia associated with elevated glutamate levels but normal dopamine function
    • [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.011
    • Demjaha A, Egerton A, Murray R, Kapur S, Howes O, Stone J, et al. Antipsychotic treatment resistance in schizophrenia associated with elevated glutamate levels but normal dopamine function. Biol Psychiatry (2013). [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.011
    • (2013) Biol Psychiatry
    • Demjaha, A.1    Egerton, A.2    Murray, R.3    Kapur, S.4    Howes, O.5    Stone, J.6
  • 50
    • 52949123611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.014
    • Ongur D, Jensen JE, Prescot AP, Stork C, Lundy M, Cohen BM, et al. Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania. Biol Psychiatry (2008) 64(8):718-26. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.014
    • (2008) Biol Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.8 , pp. 718-726
    • Ongur, D.1    Jensen, J.E.2    Prescot, A.P.3    Stork, C.4    Lundy, M.5    Cohen, B.M.6
  • 51
    • 84856007730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we combine symptom scales for collaborative research projects?
    • doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.002
    • Lyne JP, Kinsella A, O'Donoghue B. Can we combine symptom scales for collaborative research projects? J Psychiatr Res (2012) 46(2):233-8. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.002
    • (2012) J Psychiatr Res , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 233-238
    • Lyne, J.P.1    Kinsella, A.2    O'Donoghue, B.3
  • 52
    • 77956500031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of set-shifting: decomposing executive functions in schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1503/jpn.090181
    • Wilmsmeier A, Ohrmann P, Suslow T, Siegmund A, Koelkebeck K, Rothermundt M, et al. Neural correlates of set-shifting: decomposing executive functions in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci (2010) 35(5):321-9. doi:10.1503/jpn.090181
    • (2010) J Psychiatry Neurosci , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 321-329
    • Wilmsmeier, A.1    Ohrmann, P.2    Suslow, T.3    Siegmund, A.4    Koelkebeck, K.5    Rothermundt, M.6
  • 53
    • 39049122010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical and structural correlates of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.05.024
    • Rusch N, van Elst LT, Valerius G, Buechert M, Thiel T, Ebert D, et al. Neurochemical and structural correlates of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res (2008) 99(1-3):155-63. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.05.024
    • (2008) Schizophr Res , vol.99 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 155-163
    • Rusch, N.1    van Elst, L.T.2    Valerius, G.3    Buechert, M.4    Thiel, T.5    Ebert, D.6
  • 54
    • 84881023457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolite alterations in young adults at familial high risk for schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.024
    • Tandon N, Bolo NR, Sanghavi K, Mathew IT, Francis AN, Stanley JA, et al. Brain metabolite alterations in young adults at familial high risk for schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Schizophr Res (2013) 148(1-3):59-66. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.024
    • (2013) Schizophr Res , vol.148 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 59-66
    • Tandon, N.1    Bolo, N.R.2    Sanghavi, K.3    Mathew, I.T.4    Francis, A.N.5    Stanley, J.A.6
  • 55
    • 34047185227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment and in vivo metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive and chronic medicated schizophrenic patients: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.002
    • Ohrmann P, Siegmund A, Suslow T, Pedersen A, Spitzberg K, Kersting A, et al. Cognitive impairment and in vivo metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive and chronic medicated schizophrenic patients: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Psychiatr Res (2007) 41(8):625-34. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.002
    • (2007) J Psychiatr Res , vol.41 , Issue.8 , pp. 625-634
    • Ohrmann, P.1    Siegmund, A.2    Suslow, T.3    Pedersen, A.4    Spitzberg, K.5    Kersting, A.6
  • 56
    • 80052554378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalamic glutamate levels as a predictor of cortical response during executive functioning in subjects at high risk for psychosis
    • doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.46
    • Fusar-Poli P, Stone JM, Broome MR, Valli I, Mechelli A, McLean MA, et al. Thalamic glutamate levels as a predictor of cortical response during executive functioning in subjects at high risk for psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2011) 68(9):881-90. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.46
    • (2011) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.68 , Issue.9 , pp. 881-890
    • Fusar-Poli, P.1    Stone, J.M.2    Broome, M.R.3    Valli, I.4    Mechelli, A.5    McLean, M.A.6
  • 57
    • 78649995089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered medial temporal activation related to local glutamate levels in subjects with prodromal signs of psychosis
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.033
    • Valli I, Stone J, Mechelli A, Bhattacharyya S, Raffin M, Allen P, et al. Altered medial temporal activation related to local glutamate levels in subjects with prodromal signs of psychosis. Biol Psychiatry (2011) 69(1):97-9. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.033
    • (2011) Biol Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-99
    • Valli, I.1    Stone, J.2    Mechelli, A.3    Bhattacharyya, S.4    Raffin, M.5    Allen, P.6
  • 58
    • 84865347759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodal analysis of the hippocampus in schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.039
    • Hutcheson NL, Reid MA, White DM, Kraguljac NV, Avsar KB, Bolding MS, et al. Multimodal analysis of the hippocampus in schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Schizophr Res (2012) 140(1-3):136-42. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.039
    • (2012) Schizophr Res , vol.140 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 136-142
    • Hutcheson, N.L.1    Reid, M.A.2    White, D.M.3    Kraguljac, N.V.4    Avsar, K.B.5    Bolding, M.S.6
  • 59
    • 2942558677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-T proton MRS investigation of glutamate and glutamine in adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.1116
    • Tibbo P, Hanstock C, Valiakalayil A, Allen P. 3-T proton MRS investigation of glutamate and glutamine in adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry (2004) 161(6):1116-8. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.1116
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , Issue.6 , pp. 1116-1118
    • Tibbo, P.1    Hanstock, C.2    Valiakalayil, A.3    Allen, P.4
  • 60
    • 27544447486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased prefrontal and hippocampal glutamate concentration in schizophrenia: evidence from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.041
    • Tebartz van Elst L, Valerius G, Buchert M, Thiel T, Rusch N, Bubl E, et al. Increased prefrontal and hippocampal glutamate concentration in schizophrenia: evidence from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Biol Psychiatry (2005) 58(9):724-30. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.041
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.58 , Issue.9 , pp. 724-730
    • van Elst, L.T.1    Valerius, G.2    Buchert, M.3    Thiel, T.4    Rusch, N.5    Bubl, E.6
  • 61
    • 77956934157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered relationship between hippocampal glutamate levels and striatal dopamine function in subjects at ultra high risk of psychosis
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.034
    • Stone JM, Howes OD, Egerton A, Kambeitz J, Allen P, Lythgoe DJ, et al. Altered relationship between hippocampal glutamate levels and striatal dopamine function in subjects at ultra high risk of psychosis. Biol Psychiatry (2010) 68(7):599-602. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.034
    • (2010) Biol Psychiatry , vol.68 , Issue.7 , pp. 599-602
    • Stone, J.M.1    Howes, O.D.2    Egerton, A.3    Kambeitz, J.4    Allen, P.5    Lythgoe, D.J.6
  • 62
    • 84892391386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures related to short-term symptomatic outcome in chronic schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.051
    • Szulc A, Konarzewskaa B, Galinska-Skoka B, Lazarczyka J, Waszkiewicza N, Tarasowb E, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures related to short-term symptomatic outcome in chronic schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett (2013) 547:37-41. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.051
    • (2013) Neurosci Lett , vol.547 , pp. 37-41
    • Szulc, A.1    Konarzewskaa, B.2    Galinska-Skoka, B.3    Lazarczyka, J.4    Waszkiewicza, N.5    Tarasowb, E.6
  • 63
    • 33745029056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic drugs for schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003730.pub2
    • Tiihonen J, Wahlbeck K. Glutamatergic drugs for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2006). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003730.pub2
    • (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Tiihonen, J.1    Wahlbeck, K.2
  • 64
    • 80052996482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the efficacy of adjunctive NMDA receptor modulators in chronic schizophrenia
    • doi:10.2165/11586650-000000000-00000
    • Singh SP, Singh V. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of adjunctive NMDA receptor modulators in chronic schizophrenia. CNS Drugs (2011) 25(10):859-85. doi:10.2165/11586650-000000000-00000
    • (2011) CNS Drugs , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 859-885
    • Singh, S.P.1    Singh, V.2
  • 65
    • 0034054949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine with lamotrigine-support for hyperglutamatergic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.270
    • Anand A, Charney DS, Oren DA, Berman RM, Hu XS, Cappiello A, et al. Attenuation of the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine with lamotrigine-support for hyperglutamatergic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2000) 57(3):270-6. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.270
    • (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 270-276
    • Anand, A.1    Charney, D.S.2    Oren, D.A.3    Berman, R.M.4    Hu, X.S.5    Cappiello, A.6
  • 66
    • 0037074985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitatory glycine receptors containing the NR3 family of NMDA receptor subunits
    • doi:10.1038/nature715
    • Chatterton JE, Awobuluyi M, Premkumar LS, Takahashi H, Talantova M, Shin Y, et al. Excitatory glycine receptors containing the NR3 family of NMDA receptor subunits. Nature (2002) 415(6873):793-8. doi:10.1038/nature715
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , Issue.6873 , pp. 793-798
    • Chatterton, J.E.1    Awobuluyi, M.2    Premkumar, L.S.3    Takahashi, H.4    Talantova, M.5    Shin, Y.6
  • 67
    • 39149141357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontolimbic glutamate alterations in first episode schizophrenia: evidence from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1080/15622970701227811
    • Olbrich HM, Valerius G, Rüsch N, Buchert M, Thiel T, Hennig J, et al. Frontolimbic glutamate alterations in first episode schizophrenia: evidence from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. World J Biol Psychiatry (2008) 9(1):59-63. doi:10.1080/15622970701227811
    • (2008) World J Biol Psychiatry , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-63
    • Olbrich, H.M.1    Valerius, G.2    Rüsch, N.3    Buchert, M.4    Thiel, T.5    Hennig, J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.