MALDI Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation

MALDI MS: A Practical Guide to Instrumentation, Methods and Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 29-82

  O'Connor, Peter B ^a   Hillenkamp, Franz ^b  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers; Fragmentation of MALDI ions; Hybrid mass spectrometers; Instrumentation; Lasers; MALDI mass spectrometry; Mass analyzers; Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers; TOF mass spectrometers

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889380714     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527610464.ch2     Document Type: Chapter

References (128)

1. M. Schurenberg, T. Schulz, K. Dreisewered, F. Hillenkamp. Matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization in transmission geometry-instrumental implementation and mechanistic implications. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 10, 1873-1880.
2. A.N. Krutchinsky, A.V. Loboda, V.L. Spicer, R. Dworschak, W. Ens, K.G. Standing. Orthogonal injection of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization ions into a time-of-flight spectrometer through a collisional damping interface. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 12, 508-518.
3. A.V. Loboda, A.N. Krutchinsky, M. Bromirski, W. Ens, K.G. Standing. A tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization source: Design and performance. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 14, 1047-1057.
4. A.V. Loboda, S. Ackloo, I.V. Chernushevich. A high-performance matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal time-offlight mass spectrometer with collisional cooling. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 2508-2516.
5. V.B. Ivleva, L.M. Sapp, P.B. O'Connor, C.E. Costello. Ganglioside analysis by thin-layer chromatography matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 16, 1552-1560.
6. S.C. Moyer, B.A. Budnik, J.L. Pittman, C.E. Costello, P.B. O'Connor. Attomole peptide analysis by high pressure matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 6449-6454.
7. A. Brock, D.M. Horn, E.C. Peters, C.M. Shaw, C. Ericson, Q.T. Phung, A.R. Saloma. An automated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for "bottom-up" proteomics. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 3419-3428.
8. B.A. Budnik, S.C. Moyer, J.L. Pittman, V.B. Ivleva, U. Sommer, C.E. Costello, P.B. O'Connor. High pressure MALDIFTMS: Implications for proteomics. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 2004, 234, 203-212.
9. P.B. O'Connor, B.A. Budnik, V.B. Ivleva, P. Kaur, S.C. Moyer, J.L. Pittman, C.E. Costello. A high pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ion source for Fourier transform mass spectrometry designed to accommodate large targets with diverse surfaces. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 128-132.
10. A.N. Krutchinsky, M. Kalkum, B.T. Chait. Automatic identification of proteins with a MALDI-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 5066-5077.
11. P.B. O'Connor, E. Mirgorodskaya, C.E. Costello. High pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry for minimization of ganglioside fragmentation. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 402-407.
12. V.B. Ivleva, Y.N. Elkin, B.A. Budnik, S.C. Moyer, P.B. O'Connor, C.E. Costello. Coupling thin layer chromatography with high pressure matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry for the analysis of ganglioside mixtures. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 6484-6491.
13. V.V. Laiko, S.C. Moyer, R.J. Cotter. Atmospheric pressure MALDI/ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 5239-5243.
14. V.V. Laiko, M.A. Baldwin, A.L. Burlingame. Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 652-657.
15. V.M. Doroshenko, V.V. Laiko, N.I. Taranenko, V.D. Berkout, H.S. Lee. Recent developments in atmospheric pressure MALDI mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 2002, 221, 39-58.
16. K.A. Kellersberger, P.V. Tan, V.V. Laiko, V.M. Doroshenko, D. Fabris. Atmospheric pressure MALDI-Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 3930-3934.
17. S.C. Moyer, L.A. Marzilli, A.S. Woods, V.V. Laiko, V.M. Doroshenko, R.J. Cotter. Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP MALDI) on a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 2003, 226, 133-150.
18. S.G. Moyer, R.J. Cotter. Atmospheric pressure MALDI. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 468A-476A.
19. C.E. Von Seggern, P.E. Zarek, R.J. Cotter. Fragmentation of sialylated carbohydrates using infrared atmospheric pressure MALDI ion trap mass spectrometry from cation-doped liquid matrixes. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 6523-6530.
20. C.E. Von Seggern, S.C. Moyer, R.J. Cotter. Liquid infrared atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion trap mass spectrometry of sialylated carbohydrates. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 3212-3218.
21. T. Kocher, A. Engstrom, R.A. Zubarev. Fragmentation of peptides in MALDI insource decay mediated by hydrogen radicals. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 172-177.
22. R.S. Brown, B.L. Carr, J.J. Lennon. Factors that influence the observed fast fragmentation of peptides in matrixassisted laser desorption. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 7, 225-232.
23. R.S. Brown, J.H. Feng, D.C. Reiber. Further studies of in-source fragmentation of peptides in matrixassisted laser desorption-ionization. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1997, 169, 1-18.
24. P. Roepstorff, J. Fohlman. Proposal for a common nomenclature for sequence ions in mass spectra of peptides. Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 1984, 11, 601.
25. K. Biemann. Sequencing of peptides by tandem mass spectrometry and highenergy collision-induced dissociation. Methods Enzymol. 1990, 193, 455-479.
26. B.A. Budnik, J. Jebanathirajah, V.B. Ivleva, C.E. Costello, P.B. O'Connor. Fragmentation methods of odd and even electron ions in HP MALDI FTMS. In: 52nd ASMS: Nashville, 2004.
27. B.A. Budnik, K.F. Haselmann, R.A. Zubarev. Electron detachment dissociation of peptide di-anions: An electron-hole recombination phenomenon. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001, 342, 299-302.
28. L. Sleno, D.A. Volmer, A.G. Marshall. Assigning product ions from complex MS/MS spectra: The importance of mass uncertainty and resolving power. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 16, 183-198.
29. W.C. Wiley, I.H. McLaren. Time-of-flight mass spectrometer with improved resolution. Rev. Sci. Inst. 1955, 29, 1150-1157.
30. P. Juhasz, M.T. Roskey, I.P. Smirnov, L.A. Haff, M.L. Vestal, S.A. Martin. Applications of delayed extraction matrixassisted laser desorption ionization timeof-flight mass spectrometry to References 77 oligonucleotide analysis. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 941-946.
31. M.L. Vestal, P. Juhasz, S.A Martin. Delayed extraction matrix-assisted laserdesorption time-of-flight massspectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1995, 9, 1044-1050.
32. R.S. Brown, J.J. Lennon. Mass resolution improvement by incorporation of pulsed ion extraction in a matrix-assisted laserdesorption ionization linear time-of-flight mass-spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1998-2003.
33. S.M. Colby, J.P. Reilly. Space-velocity correlation focusing. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 1419-1428.
34. T.B. King, S.M. Colby, J.P. Reilly. Highresolution MALDI-TOF mass-spectra of 3 proteins obtained using space-velocity correlation focusing. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1995, 145, L1-L7.
35. P. Juhasz, M.L. Vestal, S.A. Martin. On the initial velocity of ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and its effect on the calibration of delayed extraction time-offlight mass spectra. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 8, 209-217.
36. N.P. Christian, R.J. Arnold, J.P. Reilly. Improved calibration of time-of-flight mass spectra by simplex optimization of electrostatic ion calculations. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 3327-3337.
37. J. Gobom, M. Mueller, V. Egelhofer, D. Theiss, H. Lehrach, E. Nordhoff. A calibration method that simplifies and improves accurate determination of peptide molecular masses by MALDITOF ms. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 3915-3923.
38. E. Moskovets, H.S. Chen, A. Pashkova, T. Rejtar, V. Andreev, B.L. Karger. Closely spaced external standard: A universal method of achieving 5ppm mass accuracy over the entire MALDI plate in axial matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 2177-2187.
39. B.A. Mamyrin, V.I. Karataev, D.B. Schmikk, B.A. Zagulin. The massreflectron, a new nonmagnetic time-offlight mass spectrometer with high resolution. Sov. Phys. JETP. 1973, 37, 45-48.
40. VCB.A. Mamyrin. Laser-assisted reflectron time-of-flight massspectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes. 1994, 131, 1-19.
41. R.J. Cotter, S. Iltchenko, D.X. Wang. The curved-field reflectron: PSD and CID without scanning, stepping or lifting. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes. 2005, 240, 169-182.
42. T.J. Cornish, R.J. Cotter. A curved-field reflectron for improved energy focusing of product ions in time-of-flight massspectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1993, 7, 1037-1040.
43. S. Berkenkamp, F. Hillenkamp. Infrared MALDI with an orthogonal ion extraction TOF for high performance analysis of large proteins. In: 53rd American Society for Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics: San Antonio, Texas, 2005.
44. R. Kaufmann, P. Chaurand, D. Kirsch, B. Spengler. Post-source decay and delayed extraction in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry-are there trade-offs. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 10, 1199-1208.
45. M. Karas, M. Gluckmann, J. Schafer. Ionization in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization: Singly charged molecular ions are the lucky survivors. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 35, 1-12.
46. D.C. Reiber, T.A. Grover, R.S. Brown. Identifying proteins using matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization insource fragmentation data combined with database searching. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 673-683.
47. B. Spengler. Post-source decay analysis in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of biomolecules. J. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 32, 1019-1036.
48. D. Suckau, A. Resemann, M. Schuerenberg, P. Hufnagel, J. Franzen, A. Holle. A novel MALDI lift-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer for proteomics. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 376, 952-965.
49. A. Brock, N. Rodriguez, R.N. Zare. Hadamard transform time of flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 3735-3741.
50. R.J. Cotter, B.D. Gardner, S. Iltchenko, R.D. English. Tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a curved field reflectron. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 1976-1981.
51. A.L. Yergey, J.R. Coorssen, P.S. Backlund, P.S. Blank, G.A. Humphrey, J. Zimmerberg, J.M. Campbell, M.L. Vestal. De novo sequencing of peptides using MALDI/TOF-TOF. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 784-791.
52. J.M. Campbell, S.E. Stein, P.S. Blank, J. Epstein, M.L. Vestal, A.L. Yergey. Fundamentals of peptide fragmentation as a function of laser fluence in a MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometer. Abstracts Papers Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 229, U148-U148.
53. M.L. Vestal, J.M. Campbell. In: Biological Mass Spectrometry, 2005, Vol. 402, pp. 79-108.
54. K.F. Medzihradszky, J.M. Campbell, M.A. Baldwin, A.M. Falick, P. Juhasz, M.L. Vestal, A.L. Burlingame. The characteristics of peptide collisioninduced dissociation using a highperformance MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 552-558.
55. D. Suckau, D.S. Cornett. Protein sequencing by ISD and PSD MALDITOF ms. Analusis 1998, 26, M18-M21.
56. A. Shevchenko, A. Loboda, W. Ens, K.G. Standing. Maldi quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry: A powerful tool for proteomic research. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 2132-2141.
57. A. Loboda, A. Krutchinsky, O. Loboda, J. McNabb, V. Spicer, W. Ens, K. Standing. Novel LINAC II electrode geometry for creating an axial field in a multipole ion guide. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 6, 531-536.
58. P. Verhaert, S. Uttenweiler-Joseph, M., de Vries A. Loboda, W. Ens, K.G. Standing. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole timeof-flight mass spectrometry: An elegant tool for peptidomics. Proteomics 2001, 1, 118-131.
59. H. Kraus. Cryogenic detectors and their application to mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 2002, 215, 45-58.
60. S.V. Uchaikin, F. Probst, W. Seidel. Developing of a fast cryodetector readout for mass spectrometry. Physica C 2001, 350, 177-179.
61. M. Frank. Mass spectrometry with cryogenic detectors. Nuclear Instruments Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 2000, 444, 375-384.
62. P. Christ, S. Rutzinger, W. Seidel, S. Uchaikin, F. Probst, C. Koy, M.O. Glocker. High detection sensitivity achieved with cryogenic detectors in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 10, 469-476.
63. M. Frank, C.A. Mears, S.E. Labov, W.H. Benner, D. Horn, J.M. Jaklevic, A.T. Barfknecht. High-efficiency detection of 66 000 Da protein molecules using a cryogenic detector in a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 10, 1946-1950.
64. P.L. Ferguson. High-speed analog signal averager as oatofms data collector. Data Acquisition and Interfacing 2005, February, 27-32.
65. M.B. Comisarow, A.G. Marshall. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1974, 25, 282-283.
66. A.G. Marshall, C.L. Hendrickson, S.D. Shi. Scaling ms plateaus with highresolution FTICRMS. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 252A-259A.
67. I.J. Amster. Fourier transform mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 31, 1325-1337.
68. E.B. Ledford, Jr., D.L., Rempel M.L. Gross. Mass calibration law for quadrupolar potential. Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 2744-2748.
69. T. Francl, M.G. Sherman, R.L. Hunter, M.J. Locke, W.D. Bowers, R.T. McIver. Experimental determination of the effects of space charge on ion cyclotron resonance frequencies. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1983, 54, 169-187.
70. S.D.H. Shi, J.J. Drader, M.A. Freitas, C.L. Hendrickson, A.G. Marshall. & Comparison and interconversion of the two most common frequency-to-mass calibration functions for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 2000, 196, 591-598.
71. L.K. Zhang, D. Rempel, B.N. Pramanik, M.L. Gross. Accurate mass measurements by Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2005, 24, 286-309.
72. P.B. O'Connor, M.C. Duursma, G.J. Rooij, R.M.A. van Heeren, J.J. Boon. Correction of time of flight shifted polymeric molecular weight distributions in MALDI-FTMS. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2751-2755.
73. D. Gerlich. In: Ng, C.-Y., Baer, M. (Eds.), State-selected and state-to-state ion-molecule reaction dynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1992, Vol. LXXXII, pp. 1-176.
74. N.K. Kaiser, S. Wu, K. Zhang, D.C. Prior, M.A. Bushback, G.A. Anderson, J.E. Bruce. Development of a novel ion guide for improved ion transmission in FTICR mass spectrometry In: 53rd American Society for Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics: San Antonio, Texas, 2005.
75. P. Caravatti. US Patent no. 4,924,089, issued 8 May, 1990.
76. S.D.H. Shi, J.J. Drader, C.L. Hendrickson, A.G. Marshall. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in a high homogeneity 25 Tesla resistive magnet. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 10, 265-268.
77. S. Guan, M.C. Wahl, A.G. Marshall. Elimination of frequency drift from FTICR mass spectra by digital quadrature heterodyning: Ultrahigh mass resolving power for laser-desorbed molecules. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 3647-3653.
78. M.L. Easterling, T.H. Mize, I.J. Amster. Routine part-per-million mass accuracy for high-mass ions: Space-charge effects in MALDI FTICR. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 624-632.
79. E.V. Nikolaev, N.V. Miluchihin, M. Inoue. Evolution of an ion cloud in a FTICRMS during signal detection: Its influence on spectral line shape and position. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1995, 148, 145-157.
80. M.E. Belov, R. Zhang, E.F. Strittmatter, D.C. Prior, K. Tang, R.D. Smith. Automated gain control and internal calibration with external ion accumulation capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 4195-4205.
81. B.O. Keller, L. Li. Detection of 25,0000 molecules of substance p by MALDITOF mass spectrometry and investigations into the fundamental limits of detection in MALDI. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2001, 12, 1055-1063.
82. S.C. Moyer, B.A. Budnik, J.L. Pittman, C.E. Costello, P.B. O'Connor. Attomole peptide analysis by high-pressure matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 6449-6454.
83. P.B. O'Connor, C.A. Costello, W.E. Earle. A high voltage rf oscillator for driving multipole ion guides. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 1370-1375.
84. A.J. Jaber, J. Kaufman, R. Liyanage, E. Akhmetova, S. Marney, C.L. Wilkins. Trapping of wide range mass-to-charge ions and dependence on matrix amount in internal source maldi-ftms. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 16, 1772-1780.
85. A.G. Marshall, T.-C.L. Wang, T.L. Ricca. Tailored excitation for fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7893-7897.
86. S.A. Lee, C.Q. Jiao, Y. Huang, B.S. Freiser. Multiple excitation collisional activation in FTMS. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1993, 7, 819-821.
87. K.A. Boering, J. Rolfe, J.I. Brauman. Control of ion kinetic energy in ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry: Very-low-energy collision-induced dissociation. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 6, 303-305.
88. J.W. Gauthier, T.R. Trautman, D.B. Jacobson. Sustained off-resonance irradiation for CAD involving FTMS. CAD technique that emulates infrared multiphoton dissociation. Anal. Chim. Acta 1991, 246, 211-225.
89. E. Mirgorodskaya, P.B. O'Connor, C.E. Costello. A general method for precalculation of parameters for sustained off resonance irradiation/ collision-induced dissociation. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 318-324.
90. D.P. Little, J.P. Speir, M.W. Senko, P.B. O'Connor, F.W. McLafferty. Infrared multiphoton dissociation of large multiply-charged ions for biomolecule sequencing. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 2809-2815.
91. E.R. Williams, F.W. McLafferty. 193-nm laser photoionization and photodissociation for isomer differentiation in Fourier-transform mass-spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1990, 1, 361-365.
92. R.A. Zubarev, N.L. Kelleher, F.W. McLafferty. Electron capture dissociation of multiply charged protein cations-a nonergodic process. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3265-3266.
93. R.A. Zubarev, N.A. Kruger, E.K. Fridriksson, M.A. Lewis, D.M. Horn, B.K. Carpenter, F.W. McLafferty. Electron capture dissociation of gaseous multiplycharged proteins is favored at disulfide bonds and other sites of high hydrogen atom affinity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2857-2862.
94. J.J. Coon, J.E.P. Syka, J.C. Schwartz, J. Shabanowitz, D.F. Hunt. Anion dependence in the partitioning between proton and electron transfer in ion/ion reactions. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 236, 33-42.
95. J.E.P. Syka, J.J. Coon, M.J. Schroeder, J. Shabanowitz, D.F. Hunt. Peptide and protein sequence analysis by electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 9528-9533.
96. T.J. Garrett, R.A. Yost. Analysis of intact tissue by intermediate-pressure MALDI on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 2465-2469.
97. J.C. Schwartz, J.E.P. Syka, S.T. Quarmby. Improving the fundamentals of msn on 2d linear ion traps: New ion activation and isolation techniques. In: 53rd American Society for Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics: San Antonio, Texas, 2005.
98. T. Baba, Y. Hashimoto, H. Hasegawa, A. Hirabayashi, I. Waki. Electron capture dissociation in a radio frequency ion trap. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 4263-4266.
99. O.A. Silivra, I.A. Ivonin, F. Kjeldsen, R.A. Zubarev. Ion-electron reactions in a quadrupole ion trap: Realization, first results and prospects. In: 52nd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry: Nashville, TN, 2004.
100. T.Y. Kim, M.S. Thompson, J.P. Reilly. Peptide photodissociation at 157 nm in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 19, 1657-1665.
101. A.H. Payne, G.L. Glish. Thermally assisted infrared multiphoton photodissociation in a quadrupole ion trap. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 3542-3548.
102. W.D. Cui, B. Hadas, B.P. Cao, C. Lifshitz. Time-resolved photodissociation (TRPD) of the naphthalene and azulene cations in an ion trap/reflectron. J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 7160-7160.
103. C.S. Creaser, K.E. O'Neill. Photodissociation and collisionally activated dissociation tandem mass spectrometric studies of difluoro[triazol-1-ylmethyl]benzhydrols and related compounds in a quadruple ion trap. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1997, 165, 13-23.
104. A. Colorado, J.X.X. Shen, V.H. Vartanian, J. Brodbelt. Use of infrared multiphoton photodissociation with swift for electrospray ionization and laser desorption applications in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 4033-4043.
105. M. Welling, R.I. Thompson, H. Walther. Photodissociation of MgC60+ complexes generated and stored in a linear ion trap. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1996, 253, 37-42.
106. J.L. Stephenson, M.M. Booth, S.M. Boue, J.R. Eyler, R.A. Yost. In: Biochemical and biotechnological applications of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 1996, Vol. 619, pp. 512-564.
107. J.D. Williams, R.G. Cooks, J.E.P. Syka, P.H. Hemberger, N.S. Nogar. Determination of positions, velocities, and kinetic energies of resonantly excited References 81 ions in the quadrupole ion-trap massspectrometer by laser photodissociation. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1993, 4, 792-797.
108. J.N. Louris, J.S. Brodbelt, R.G. Cooks. Photodissociation in a quadrupole ion trap mass-spectrometer using a fiber optic interface. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1987, 75, 345-352.
109. G. Baykut, J. Fuchser, M. Witt, G. Weiss, C. Gostell. A combined ion source for fast switching between electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 16, 1631-1641.
110. C.W. Diehnelt, S.M. Peterman, W.L. Budde. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and accurate m/z measurements of cyclic peptide cyanobacteria toxins. Trends Anal. Chem. 2005, 24, 622-635.
111. A. Makarov. Electrostatic axially harmonic orbital trapping: A highperformance technique of mass analysis. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 1156-1162.
112. J.V. Olsen, L.M.F. de Godoy, G.Q. Li, B. Macek, P. Mortensen, R. Pesch, A. Makarov, O. Lange, S. Horning, M. Mann. Parts per million mass accuracy on an orbitrap mass spectrometer via lock mass injection into a c-trap. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2005, 4, 2010-2021.
113. M. Thevis, A.A. Makarov, S. Horning, W. Schanzer. Mass spectrometry of stanozolol and its analogues using electrospray ionization and collisioninduced dissociation with quadrupolelinear ion trap and linear ion trap-orbitrap hybrid mass analyzers. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 19, 3369-3378.
114. Q.Z. Hu, R.J. Noll, H.Y. Li, A. Makarov, M. Hardman, R.G. Cooks. The orbitrap: A new mass spectrometer. J. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 40, 430-443.
115. M. Hardman, A.A. Makarov. Interfacing the orbitrap mass analyzer to an electrospray ion source. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 1699-1705.
116. K. Dreisewerd, S. Kolbl, J. Peter-Katalinic, S. Berkenkamp, G. Pohlentz. Analysis of native milk oligosaccharides directly from thin-layer chromatography plates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal-time-offlight mass spectrometry with a glycerol matrix. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 17, 139-150.
117. K. Dreisewerd, J. Muthing, A. Rohlfing, I. Meisen, Z. Vukelic, J. Peter-Katalinic, F. Hillenkamp, S. Berkenkamp. Analysis of gangliosides directly from thin-layer chromatography plates by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a glycerol matrix. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 4098-4107.
118. J. Guittard, X.P.L. Hronowski, C.E. Costello. Direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of glycosphingolipids on thin layer chromatographic plates and transfer membranes. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13, 1838-1849.
119. A.I. Gusev, A. Proctor, Y.I. Rabinovich, D.M. Hercules. Thin-layer chromatography combined with matrixassisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1805-1814.
120. A.I. Gusev, O.J. Vasseur, A. Proctor, A.G. Sharkey, D.M. Hercules. Imaging of thin-layer chromatograms using matrix/assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 4565-4570.
121. K. Dreisewerd, S. Berkenkamp, A. Leisner, A. Rohlfing, C. Menzel. Fundamentals of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with pulsed infrared lasers. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes. 2003, 226, 189-209.
122. C. Menzel, K. Dreisewerd, S. Berkenkamp, F. Hillenkamp. The role of the laser pulse duration in infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 975-984.
123. C. Menzel, K. Dreisewerd, S. Berkenkamp, F. Hillenkamp. Mechanisms of energy deposition in infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes. 2001, 207, 73-96.
124. C. Menzel, S. Berkenkamp, F. Hillenkamp. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with a transversely excited atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide laser at 10.6μm wavelength with static and delayed ion extraction. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13, 26-32.
125. S. Berkenkamp, C. Menzel, M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp. Performance of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry with lasers emitting in the 3μm wavelength range. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 11, 1399-1406.
126. S. Berkenkamp, M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp. Ice as a matrix for IRmatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization: Mass spectra from a protein single crystal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996, 93, 7003-7007.
127. J.W. Cooley, J.W. Tukey. Fast Fourier transform algorithm. Math. Comput. 1965, 19, 297-301.
128. A. Holle, A. Haase, M. Kayser, J. Höhndorf. Optimizing UV-laser focus profiles for improved MALDI performance. J. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 41, 705-716.