Mood disturbance after infection

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 47, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 1152-1164

  Gunaratne, Pramudie ^a   Lloyd, Andrew R ^a   Vollmer Conna, Ute ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

acute infection; acute sickness response; depression; fatigue; mood disorder; Post infective mood disturbance

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 2; NEUROTRANSMITTER; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TYPHOID VACCINE;

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHIKUNGUNYA; CORONAVIRUS INFECTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; HEREDITY; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFLUENZA; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL STRESS; MOOD DISORDER; NEUROENDOCRINE DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; REVIEW; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; TYPHOID FEVER; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION;

ACUTE INFECTION; ACUTE SICKNESS RESPONSE; DEPRESSION; FATIGUE; MOOD DISORDER; POST-INFECTIVE MOOD DISTURBANCE;

ANIMALS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; HUMANS; INFECTION; MOOD DISORDERS;

EID: 84889064557     PISSN: 00048674     EISSN: 14401614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0004867413503718     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Washington DC: APA.
2. Ayres JG, Flint N, Smith EG, et al. Post-infection fatigue syndrome following Q fever. Quarterly Journal of Medicine. 1998 ; 91: 105-123
3. Ayres JG, Smith EG, Flint N. Protracted fatigue and debility after acute Q fever. Lancet. 1996 ; 347: 978-979
4. Baganz NL, Blakely RD. A dialogue between the immune system and brain, spoken in the language of serotonin. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2013 ; 4: 48-63
5. Barr AM, Song C, Sawada K, et al. Tolerance to the anhedonic effects of lipopolysaccharide is associated with changes in syntaxin immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology/Official Scientific Journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP). 2003 ; 6: 23-34
6. Beare AS, Reed SE Chemoprophylaxis and Virus Infections 2. Oxford JS, ed. Cleveland: CRC Press ; 1977:
7. Besedovsky HO, del Rey A. Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: Facts and hypotheses. Endocrine Reviews. 1996 ; 17: 64-102
8. Besedovsky L, Lange T, Born J. Sleep and immune function. Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology. 2012 ; 463: 121-137
9. Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature. 2000 ; 405: 458-462
10. Borowski T, Kokkinidis L, Merali Z, et al. Lipopolysaccharide, central in vivo biogenic amine variations, and anhedonia. Neuroreport. 1998 ; 9: 3797-3802
11. Bruce-Jones WD, White PD, Thomas JM, et al. The effect of social adversity on the fatigue syndrome, psychiatric disorders and physical recovery, following glandular fever. Psychological Medicine. 1994 ; 24: 651-659
12. Bryant PA, Trinder J, Curtis N. Sick and tired: Does sleep have a vital role in the immune system? Nature Reviews. Immunology. 2004 ; 4: 457-467
13. Buchwald DS, Rea TD, Katon WJ, et al. Acute infectious mononucleosis: Characteristics of patients who report failure to recover. American Journal of Medicine. 2000 ; 109: 531-537
14. Bucks RS, Gidron Y, Harris P, et al. Selective effects of upper respiratory tract infection on cognition, mood and emotion processing: A prospective study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2008 ; 22: 399-407
15. Bull SJ, Huezo-Diaz P, Binder EB, et al. Functional polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 and serotonin transporter genes, and depression and fatigue induced by interferon-a and ribavirin treatment. Molecular Psychiatry. 2009 ; 14: 1095-1104
16. Cadie M, Nye FJ, Storey P. Anxiety and depression after infectious mononucleosis. British Journal of Psychiatry: the Journal of Mental Science. 1976 ; 128: 559-561
17. Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines and psychopathology: Lessons from interferon-α. Biological Psychiatry. 2004 ; 56: 819-824
18. Capuron L, Gumnick JF, Musselman DL, et al. Neurobehavioral effects of interferon-a in cancer patients: Phenomenology and paroxetine responsiveness of symptom dimensions. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002a ; 26: 643-652
19. Capuron L, Raison CL, Musselman DL, et al. Association of exaggerated HPA axis response to the initial injection of interferon-α with development of depression during interferon-α therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003 ; 160: 1342-1345
20. Capuron L, Ravaud A, Neveu PJ, et al. Association between decreased serum tryptophan concentrations and depressive symptoms in cancer patients undergoing cytokine therapy. Molecular Psychiatry. 2002b ; 7: 468-473
21. Carrive P. Dual activation of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic components during conditioned fear to context in the rat. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology. 2006 ; 33: 1251-1254
22. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP. Psychological stress, cytokine production, and severity of upper respiratory illness. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1999 ; 61: 175-180
23. Cortese GP, Barrientos RM, Maier SF, et al. Aging and a peripheral immune challenge interact to reduce mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor and activation of TrkB, PLCgamma1, and ERK in hippocampal synaptoneurosomes. Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2011 ; 31: 4274-4279
24. Coulston CM, Bargh DM, Tanious M, et al. Is coping well a matter of personality? A study of euthymic unipolar and bipolar patients. Journal of Affective Disorder. 2013 ; 145: 54-61
25. Dantzer R. Cytokine-induced sickness behavior: Where do we stand?. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2001 ; 15: 7-24
26. Dantzer R, O'Connor JC, Freund GG, et al. From inflammation to sickness and depression: When the immune system subjugates the brain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 2008 ; 9: 46-56
27. Dunn AJ, Swiergiel AH, de Beaurepaire R. Cytokines as mediators of depression: What can we learn from animal studies?. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2005 ; 29: 891-909
28. Dunn AJ, Wang J, Ando T. Effects of cytokines on cerebral neurotransmission. Comparison with the effects of stress. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1999 ; 461: 117-127
29. Eisenberger NI, Inagaki TK, Rameson LT, et al. An fMRI study of cytokine-induced depressed mood and social pain: The role of sex differences. NeuroImage. 2009 ; 47: 881-890
30. Fahey B, Hickey B, Kelleher D, et al. The widely-used anti-viral drug interferon-α induces depressive- and anxiogenic-like effects in healthy rats. Behavioural Brain Research. 2007 ; 182: 80-87
31. Felger JC, Lotrich FE. Inflammatory cytokines in depression: Neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Neuroscience. 2013 ; 246: 199-229
32. Frenois F, Moreau M, O'Connor J, et al. Lipopolysaccharide induces delayed FosB/DeltaFosB immunostaining within the mouse extended amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus, that parallel the expression of depressive-like behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007 ; 32: 516-531
33. Frick LR, Rapanelli M. Antidepressants: Influence on cancer and immunity?. Life Sciences. 2013 ; 92: 525-532
34. Gao HM, Jiang J, Wilson B, et al. Microglial activation-mediated delayed and progressive degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2002 ; 81: 1285-1297
35. Gibb J, Hayley S, Gandhi R, et al. Synergistic and additive actions of a psychosocial stressor and endotoxin challenge: Circulating and brain cytokines, plasma corticosterone and behavioral changes in mice. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2008 ; 22: 573-589
36. Goehler LE, Lyte M, Gaykema RP. Infection-induced viscerosensory signals from the gut enhance anxiety: Implications for psychoneuroimmunology. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2007 ; 21: 721-726
37. Grebe KM, Takeda K, Hickman HD, et al. Cutting edge: Sympathetic nervous system increases proinflammatory cytokines and exacerbates influenza A virus pathogenesis. Journal of Immunology: Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists. 2010 ; 184: 540-544
38. Harrison NA, Brydon L, Walker C, et al. Neural origins of human sickness in interoceptive responses to inflammation. Biological Psychiatry. 2009a ; 66: 415-422
39. Harrison NA, Brydon L, Walker C, et al. Inflammation causes mood changes through alterations in subgenual cingulate activity and mesolimbic connectivity. Biological Psychiatry. 2009b ; 66: 407-414
40. Hart BL. Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 1988 ; 12: 123-137
41. Harvey AG. Insomnia, psychiatric disorders, and the transdiagnostic perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2008 ; 17: 299-303
42. Harvey AG. Sleep and circadian functioning: Critical mechanisms in the mood disorders?. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2011 ; 7: 297-319
43. Hatchette TF, Hayes M, Merry H, et al. The effect of C. burnetii infection on the quality of life of patients following an outbreak of Q fever. Epidemiology and Infection. 2003 ; 130: 491-495
44. Herald B, Gordon P. Meta-review of depressive subtyping models. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012 ; 139: 126-140
45. Hickie I, Davenport T, Wakefield D, et al. Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: Prospective cohort study. BMJ: British Medical Journal/British Medical Association. 2006 ; 333: 575
46. Imboden J, Canter A, Cluff LE, et al. Brucellosis. III. Psychologic aspects of delayed convalescence. A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1959 ; 103: 406-414
47. Imboden JB, Canter A, Cluff LE. Convalescence from influenza. A study of the psychological and clinical determinants. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1961 ; 108: 393-399
48. Janicki-Deverts D, Cohen S, Doyle WJ, et al. Infection-induced proinflammatory cytokines are associated with decreases in positive affect, but not increases in negative affect. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2007 ; 21: 301-307
49. Kadota Y, Cooper G, Burton AR, et al. Autonomic hyper-vigilance in post-infective fatigue syndrome. Biological Psychology. 2010 ; 85: 97-103
50. Katon W, Russo J, Ashley RL, et al. Infectious mononucleosis: Psychological symptoms during acute and subacute phases of illness. General Hospital Psychiatry. 1999 ; 21: 21-29
51. Katz DL Clinical Epidemiology & Evidence-Based Medicine: Fundamental Principles of Clinical Reasoning & Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications ; 2001:
52. Kluger MJ Fever: Its Biology, Evolution, and Function. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press ; 1979:
53. Konarski J, Kennedy S, McIntyre R, et al. Neurobiological correlates of remission. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006 ; 9: S240
54. Konsman JB, Parnet P, Dantzer R. Cytokine-induced sickness behaviour: Mechanisms and implications. Trends in Neurosciences. 2002 ; 25: 154-159
55. Kraus MR, Al-Taie O, Schäfer A, et al. Serotonin-1A receptor gene HTR1A variation predicts interferon-induced depression chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2007 ; 132: 1279-1286
56. Kumari V, Mitterschiffthaler MT, Teasdale JD, et al. Neural abnormalities during cognitive generation of affect in treatment-resistant depression. Biological Psychiatry. 2003 ; 54: 777-791
57. Larson SJ, Dunn AJ. Behavioral effects of cytokines. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2001 ; 15: 371-387
58. Liebman JM. Discriminating between reward and performance: A critical review of intracranial self-stimulation methodology. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 1983 ; 7: 45-72
59. Lien L, Haavet OR, Thoresen M, et al. Mental health problems, negative life events, perceived pressure and the frequency of acute infections among adolescents. Results from a cross-sectional, multicultural, population-based study. Acta Paediatrica. 2007 ; 96: 301-306
60. Lotrich FE. Major depression during interferon-α treatment: Vulnerability and prevention. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2009 ; 11: 417-425
61. Lotrich FE, Albusaysi S, Ferrell RE. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels and genotype: Association with depression during interferon-α treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013 ; 38: 985-995
62. Lotrich FE, Ferrell RE, Rabinovitz M, et al. Risk for depression during interferon-α treatment is affected by the serotonin transporter polymorphism. Biological Psychiatry. 2009 ; 65: 344-348
63. McKay LI, Cidlowski JA. Molecular control of immune/inflammatory responses: Interactions between nuclear factor-kappa B and steroid receptor-signaling pathways. Endocrine Reviews. 1999 ; 20: 435-459
64. Maier SF. Bi-directional immune-brain communication: Implications for understanding stress, pain, and cognition. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2003 ; 17: 69-85
65. Maier SF, Watkins LR. Cytokines for psychologists: Implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition. Psychological Review. 1998 ; 105: 83-107
66. Maier SF, Watkins LR. Bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune system: Implications for behaviour. Animal Behaviour. 1999 ; 57: 741-751
67. Marmion BP, Shannon M, Maddocks I, et al. Protracted debility and fatigue after acute Q fever. Lancet. 1996 ; 347: 977-978
68. Marmion BP, Storm PA, Ayres JG, et al. Long-term persistence of Coxiella burnetii after acute primary Q fever. QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians. 2005 ; 98: 7-20
69. Mayberg HS, Brannan SK, Tekell JL, et al. Regional metabolic effects of fluoxetine in major depression: Serial changes and relationship to clinical response. Biological Psychiatry. 2000 ; 48: 830-843
70. Mayberg HS, Liotti M, Brannan SK, et al. Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: Converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 ; 156: 675-682
71. Mayberg HS, Lozano AM, Voon V, et al. Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Neuron. 2005 ; 45: 651-660
72. Mazheri A, McIntosh AR, Seminowicz D, et al. Functional connectivity of the rostral cingulate predicts treatment response in unipolar depression. Biological Psychiatry. 2002 ; 51: 33S
73. Merali Z, Brennan K, Brau P, et al. Dissociating anorexia and anhedonia elicited by interleukin-1beta: Antidepressant and gender effects on responding for "free chow" and "earned" sucrose intake. Psychopharmacology. 2003 ; 165: 413-418
74. Müller N, Schwarz MJ. The immune-mediated alteration of serotonin and glutamate: Towards an integrated view of depression. Molecular Psychiatry. 2007 ; 12: 988-1000
75. Musselman DL, Lawson DH, Gumnick JF, et al. Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001 ; 344: 961-966
76. Neumeister A, Konstantinidis A, Stastny J, et al. Association between serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and behavioral responses to tryptophan depletion in healthy women with and without family history of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002 ; 59: 613-620
77. Okusaga O, Yolken RH, Langenberg P, et al. Association of seropositivity for influenza and coronaviruses with history of mood disorders and suicide attempts. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2011 ; 130: 220-225
78. Opp MR. Cytokines and sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2005 ; 9: 355-364
79. Ormel J, Jeronimus BF, Kotov R, et al. Neuroticism and common mental disorders: Meaning and utility of a complex relationship. Clinical Psychology Review. 2013 ; 33: 686-697
80. Papanicolaou DA, Wilder RL, Manolagas SC, et al. The pathophysiologic roles of interleukin-6 in human disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998 ; 128: 127-137
81. Pavlov VA, Parrish WR, Rosas-Ballina M, et al. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity controls systemic cytokine levels through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2009 ; 23: 41-45
82. Peszke MA, Mason WM. Infectious mononucleosis and its relationship to psychological malaise. Connecticut Medicine. 1969 ; 33: 260-262
83. Piraino B, Vollmer-Conna U, Lloyd AR. Genetic associations of fatigue and other symptom domains of the acute sickness response to infection. Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity. 2012 ; 26: 552-558
84. Postolache TT, Mortensen PB, Tonelli LH, et al. Seasonal spring peaks of suicide in victims with and without prior history of hospitalization for mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2010 ; 121: 88-93
85. Rahman K, Burton A, Galbraith S, et al. Sleep-wake behavior in chronic fatigue syndrome. Sleep. 2011 ; 34: 671-678
86. Raison CL, Miller AH. Is depression an inflammatory disorder?. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2011 ; 13: 467-475
87. Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines sing the blues: Inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends in Immunology. 2006 ; 27: 24-31
88. Raison CL, Borisov AS, Woolwine BJ, et al. Interferon-α effects on diurnal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity: Relationship with proinflammatory cytokines and behavior. Molecular Psychiatry. 2010 ; 15: 535-547
89. Raison CL, Demetrashvili M, Capuron L, et al. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of interferon-α: Recognition and management. CNS Drugs. 2005 ; 19: 105-123
90. Rea TD, Russo JE, Katon W, et al. Prospective study of the natural history of infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice/American Board of Family Practice. 2001 ; 14: 234-242
91. Reichenberg A, Yirmiya R, Schuld A, et al. Cytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humans. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001 ; 58: 445-452
92. Silverman MN, Pearce BD, Biron CA, et al. Immune modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection. Viral Immunology. 2005 ; 18: 41-78
93. Sinanan K, Hillary I. Post-influenzal depression. British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science. 1981 ; 138: 131-133
94. Smith A, Thomas M, Kent J, et al. Effects of the common cold on mood and performance. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 ; 23: 733-739
95. Smith AP, Tyrrell DAJ, Barrow GI, et al. Mood and experimentally-induced respiratory virus infections and illnesses. Psychology & Health. 1992 ; 6: 205-212
96. Sørensen TI, Nielsen GG, Andersen PK, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on premature death in adult adoptees. New England Journal of Medicine. 1988 ; 318: 727-732
97. Soumahoro M, Gérardin P, Boëlle PY, et al. Impact of Chikungunya virus infection on health status and quality of life: A retrospective cohort study. Public Library of Science One. 2009 ; 4: e7800
98. Steptoe A Depression and Physical Illness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ; 2007:
99. Stone EA, Lehmann ML, Lin Y, et al. Depressive behavior in mice due to immune stimulation is accompanied by reduced neural activity in brain regions involved in positively motivated behavior. Biological Psychiatry. 2006 ; 60: 803-811
100. Strike PC, Wardle J, Steptoe A. Mild inflammatory stimulation induces transient negative mood. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2004 ; 57: 189-194
101. Thayer JF, Sternberg E. Neural aspects of immunomodulation: Focus on the vagus nerve. Brain Behaviour and Immunity. 2010 ; 24: 1223-1228
102. Thomas HV, Thomas DR, Salmon RL, et al. Toxoplasma and coxiella infection and psychiatric morbidity: A retrospective cohort analysis. BioMed Central Psychiatry. 2004 ; 4: 32
103. Tonelli LH, Katz M, Kovacsics CE, et al. Allergic rhinitis induces anxiety-like behavior and altered social interaction in rodents. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2009 ; 23: 784-793
104. Tonelli LH, Stiller J, Rujescu D, et al. Elevated cytokine expression in the orbitofrontal cortex of victims of suicide. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2008 ; 117: 198-206
105. Tracey KJ. Reflex control of immunity. Nature Reviews. Immunology. 2009 ; 9: 418-428
106. Tuke DH Dictionary of Psychological Medicine. London: J. & A. Churchill ; 1892:
107. Vollmer-Conna U. Acute sickness behaviour: An immune system-to-brain communication?. Psychological Medicine. 2001 ; 31: 761-767
108. Vollmer-Conna U, Fazou C, Cameron B, et al. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines correlates with the symptoms of acute sickness behaviour in humans. Psychological Medicine. 2004 ; 34: 1289-1297
109. Vollmer-Conna U, Piraino BF, Cameron B, et al. Cytokine polymorphisms have a synergistic effect on severity of the acute sickness response to infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases: an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2008 ; 47: 1418-1425
110. Weil ZM, Bowers SL, Pyter LM, et al. Social interactions alter proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and behavior following endotoxin administration. Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity. 2006 ; 20: 72-79
111. White PD, Thomas JM, Amess J, et al. Incidence, risk and prognosis of acute and chronic fatigue syndromes and psychiatric disorders after glandular fever. British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science. 1998 ; 173: 475-481
112. White PD, Thomas JM, Kangro HO, et al. Predictions and associations of fatigue syndromes and mood disorders that occur after infectious mononucleosis. Lancet. 2001 ; 358: 1946-1954
113. Wildman MJ, Smith EG, Groves J, et al. Chronic fatigue following infection by Coxiella burnetii (Q fever): Ten-year follow-up of the 1989 UK outbreak cohort. QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians. 2002 ; 95: 527-538
114. World Health Organization (2012) Depression (fact sheet N.369). Available from: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/index.html (accessed 19 August 2013).
115. Wright CE, Strike PC, Brydon L, et al. Acute inflammation and negative mood: Mediation by cytokine activation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2005 ; 19: 345-350
116. Yirmiya R, Weidenfeld J, Pollak Y, et al. Cytokines, "depression due to a general medical condition," and antidepressant drugs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1999 ; 461: 283-316