Towards sustainable urban water management: A critical reassessment

Water Research

Volumn 47, Issue 20, 2013, Pages 7150-7161

  Marlow, David R ^a   Moglia, Magnus ^a   Cook, Stephen ^a   Beale, David J ^a  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Infrastructure management; Sustainable urban water management; Systems transitions

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ECONOMICS; POPULATION STATISTICS; RISK PERCEPTION; WATER MANAGEMENT;

CRITICAL ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL STRAIN; HYBRIDISATION PROCESS; INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENTS; INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS; PERCEPTIONS OF RISKS; URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT; URBAN WATER SYSTEMS;

URBAN GROWTH;

DRINKING WATER; GROUND WATER; RAIN; STORM WATER; SURFACE WATER;

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; CRITICAL ANALYSIS; INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; NUMERICAL MODEL; RISK PERCEPTION; SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS; SUSTAINABILITY; URBAN AREA; WATER MANAGEMENT;

ARTICLE; CAPITAL; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HYBRIDIZATION; INVESTMENT; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUSTAINABLE URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT; URBAN AREA; WASTE DISPOSAL; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER CYCLE; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER SUPPLY;

INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABLE URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS TRANSITIONS;

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; URBANIZATION; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 84888846092     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: 18792448     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.046     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Allen A., You N., Meijer S., Atkinson A. Sustainable Urbanisation: Bridging the Green and Brown Agendas 2002, ASCE, 2001, Report Card for America's infrastructure: Water and environment report card, American Society of Civil Engineers.
2. Arthur B. Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy 1994, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
3. Ashley R.M., Blackwood D.J., Butler D., Davies J.A., Jowitt P., Smith H. Sustainable decision making for the UK water industry. Eng. Sustain. 2003, 156(ES1):41-49.
4. Ashley R., Blackwood D., Butler D., Jowitt P., Davies J., Smith H., Gilmour D., Oltean-Dumbrava C. Making asset investment decisions for wastewater systems that include sustainability. J. Environ. Eng. 2008, 134(3):200-209.
5. Backhaus A., Dam T., Jensen M.B. Stormwater management challenges as revealed through a design experiment with professional landscape architects. Urban Water J. 2012, 9(1):29-43.
6. Bartone C., Bernstein J., Leitmann J., Eigen J. Toward Environmental Strategies for Cities 1994, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.
7. Balslev Nielsen S., Elle M. Assessing the potential for change in urban infrastructure systems. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 2000, 20(3):403-412.
8. Beal C.D., Sharma A., Gardner T., Chong M. A desktop analysis of potable water savings from internally plumbed rainwater tanks in south-east Queensland, Australia. Water Resour. Manage. 2012, 26(6):1577-1590.
9. Biggs C., Ryan C., Wiseman J., Larsen K. Distributed Water Systems: a Networked and Localised Approach for Sustainable Water Services 2009, Victorian Eco-Innovation Lab (VEIL), Melbourne, Australia.
10. Binney P.D. A framework for developing sustainable water utilities in the coming decades. Water Sensitive Cities 2012, 82-94. IWA Publishing, London. C. Howe, C. Mitchell (Eds.).
11. Blackmore J.M., Plant R. Risk and resilience to enhance sustainability with application to urban water systems. J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 2008, 134(3):224-233.
12. Bos J.J., Brown R.R. Governance experimentation and factors of success in socio-technical transitions in the urban water sector. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 2012, 79(7):1340-1353.
13. Brown R.R., Keath N., Wong T. Transitioning to the water sensitive city: historical, current and future transition states. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage 2008, Edinburgh, 31 August-5 September (CD-ROM).
14. Brown R.R., Ashley R., Farrelly M. Political and professional agency entrapment: an agenda for urban water research. Water Resour. Manage. 2011, 25(15):4037-4050.
15. Brown R.R., Farrelly M.A. Delivering sustainable urban water management: a review of the hurdles we face. Water Sci. Technol. 2009, 59(5):839-846.
16. Brown R.R., Farrelly M., Keath N. Practitioner perceptions of social and institutional barriers to advancing a diverse water source approach in Australia. Int. J. Water Resour. Develop. 2009, 25(1):15-28.
17. Brown R.R., Keath N., Wong T.H.F. Urban water management in cities: historical, current and future regimes. Water Sci. Technol. 2009, 59(5):847-855.
18. Burn S., Maheepala S., Sharma A. Utilising integrated urban water management to assess the viability of decentralised water solutions. Water Sci. Technol. 2012, 66(1):113-121.
19. Burn D., Marlow D., Tran D. Modelling asset lifetimes and their role in asset management. J. Water Supply: Res. Technol. AQUA 2010, 59(6-7):362-377.
20. Button K.J., Pearce D.W. Improving the urban environment: how to adjust national and local government policy for sustainable urban growth. Prog. Plann. 1989, 32:135-184.
21. Chanan A., Woods P. Introducing total water cycle management in Sydney: a Kogarah council initiative. Desalination 2006, 187(1-3):11-16.
22. Choguill C.L. Editorial: sustainable cities: urban policies for the future. Habitat Int. 1993, 17(3):1-12.
23. Cook S., Tjandraatmadja G., Ho A., Sharma A. Definition of Decentralised Systems in the South East Queensland Context 2009, Urban Water Security Research Alliance Technical Report No. 12, CSIRO Land and Water, Melbourne, Australia.
24. Coombes P.J., Kuczera G. Integrated urban water cycle management: moving towards system understanding. 2nd National Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design 2002, Engineers Australia, Brisbane, Australia.
25. Dahan M., Nisan U. Unintended consequences of increasing block tariffs pricing policy in urban water. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43(3). Art. no. W03402.
26. Daigger G.T. Evolving urban water and residuals management paradigms: water reclamation and reuse, decentralization, and resource recovery. Water Environ. Res. 2009, 81(8):809-823.
27. Daniels P., Porter M. Externality effects and their monetary values for water servicing options in south east Queensland. Urban Water Security Research Alliance 3rd Science Forum: Brisbane, Australia 2011, D. Begbie (Ed.).
28. de Graaf R., van Der Brugge R. Transforming water infrastructure by linking water management and urban renewal in Rotterdam. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 2010, 77(8):1282-1291.
29. Dolnicar S., Hurlimann A. Drinking water from alternative water sources: differences in beliefs, social norms and factors of perceived behavioural control across eight Australian locations. Water Sci. Technol. 2009, 60(6):1433-1444.
30. Elzen B., Wieczorek A. Transitions towards sustainability through system innovation. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 2005, 72(6):651-661.
31. Farrelly M., Brown R. Rethinking urban water management: experimentation as a way forward?. Glob. Environ. Change 2011, 721(2):721-732.
32. Fiorino D. Environmental policy as learning: a new view of an old landscape. Public Adm. Rev. 2001, 61(3):322-334.
33. Fletcher T.D., Mitchell V.G., Deletic A., Ladson T.R., Séven A. Is stormwater harvesting beneficial to urban waterway environmental flows?. Water Sci. Technol. 2007, 55(4):265-272.
34. Foxon T.J., McIlkenny G., Gilmour D., Oltean-Dumbrava C., Souter N., Ashley R., Butler D., Pearson P., Jowitt P., Moir J. Sustainability criteria for decision support in the UK water industry. J. Environ. Plann. Manage. 2002, 45(2):285-301.
35. Gandy M. Rethinking urban metabolism: water, space and the modern city. City 2004, 8(3):363-379.
36. Gandy M. The bacteriological city and its discontents. Hist. Geogr. 2006, 34:14-25.
37. Gardiner A., Skoien P., Gardner T. Decentralised water supplies: south-east Queensland householders' experience and attitudes. Water 2008, 36(1):53-58.
38. Gato-Trinidad S., Jayasuriya N., Roberts P. Understanding urban residential end uses of water. Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 64(1):36-42.
39. Geels F.W. Co-evolution of technology and society: the transition in water supply and personal hygiene in the Netherlands (1850-1930): a case study in multi-level perspective. Technol. Soc. 2005, 27(3):363-397.
40. Geels F.W. Processes and patterns in transitions and system innovations: refining the co-evolutionary multi-level perspective. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 2005, 72(6):681-696.
41. Geels F.W., Kemp R. Dynamics in socio-technical systems: typology of change processes and contrasting case studies. Technol. Soc. 2007, 29(4):441-455.
42. Gikas P., Tchobanoglous G. The role of satellite and decentralized strategies in water resources management. J. Environ. Manage. 2009, 90(1):144-152.
43. Grant B., Ramilo N., Weber T. Total water cycle management strategy for Moreton Bay regional council 2010, BMT WBM, Brisbane, Australia.
44. Hall M.R. The cost of pollution: supporting cost effective options evaluation and pollution reduction. Urban Water Security Research Alliance 4th Science Forum: Brisbane, Australia 2012, D. Begbie (Ed.).
45. Hatton MacDonald D. The Economics of Water: Taking Full Account of First Use, Reuse and Return to the Environment 2004, CSIRO Land and Water.
46. Hellström D., Jeppsson U., Kärrman E. A framework for systems analysis of sustainable urban water management. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 2000, 20(3):311-321.
47. Hengeveld H., De Vocht C. Role of water in urban ecology. Urban Ecol. 1982, 6(1-4):335-347.
48. Hochmuth G., Nell T., Bryan Unruh J., Trenholm L., Sartain J. Potential unintended consequences associated with urban fertilizer bans in Florida - a scientific review. HortTechnology 2012, 22(5):600-616.
49. Howe C., Jones R.N., Maheepala S., Rhodes B. Implications of Potential Climate Change for Melbourne's Water Resources 2005, CMIT-2005-106, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia.
50. Hurlimann A., Dolnicar S. When public opposition defeats alternative water projects - the case of Toowoomba Australia. Water Res. 2010, 44(1):287-297.
51. Hurlimann A., McKay J. Attitudes to reclaimed water for domestic use: part 2. Trust, water. J. Aust. Water Assoc. 2004, 31(5):40-45.
52. Inman D., Jeffrey P. A review of residential water conservation tool performance and influences on implementation effectiveness. Urban Water J. 2006, 3(3):127-143.
53. Keath N.A., Brown R.R. Extreme events: being prepared for the pitfalls with progressing sustainable urban water management. Water Sci. Technol. 2009, 59(7):1271-1280.
54. Kennedy S.P., Lewis L.A., Sharp L.S., Wong S. Sustainable urban water management (SUWM) in urban regeneration projects. Combined International Conference of Computing and Control for the Water Industry CCWI2007 and Sustainable Urban Water Management: Leicester, United Kingdom 2007, 675-680.
55. Lems P., Aarts N., van Woerkum C. The communication of water managers in participatory processesand their effect on the support for implementation: a case study in The Netherlands. 12th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Porto Alegre, Brazil 2011.
56. Listowski A., Ngo H.H., Guo W.S. Establishment of an economic evaluation model for urban recycled water. Res. Conserv. Recycl. 2013, 72:67-75.
57. Lloyd S., Wong T., Blunt S. Water-sensitive cities: applying the framework to Melbourne. Aust. J. Water Resour. 2012, 16(1):65-74.
58. Lundin M., Morrison G.M. A life cycle assessment based procedure for development of environmental sustainability indicators for urban water systems. Urban Water J. 2002, 4(2):145-152.
59. Maheepala S., Blackmore J., Diaper C., Moglia M., Sharma A., Kenway S. Integrated Urban Water Management Planning Manual 2010, Water Research Foundation, Denver, CO.
60. Makropoulos C.K., Memon F.A., Shirley-Smith C., Butler D. Futures: an exploration of scenarios for sustainable urban water management. Water Pol. 2008, 10(4):345-373.
61. Mankad A. Decentralised water systems: emotional influences on resource decision making. Environ. Int. 2012, 44(1):128-140.
62. Mankad A., Tapsuwan S. Review of socio-economic drivers of community acceptance and adoption of decentralised systems. J. Environ. Manage. 2010, 92(3):380-391.
63. Marks J.S. Taking the public seriously: the case of potable and non-potable reuse. Desalination 2006, 187(1-3):137-147.
64. Marks J.S., Zadaroznyj M. Managing sustainable urban water reuse: structural contexts and cultures of trust. Soc. Nat. Resour. 2005, 18(6):557-572.
65. Marleni N., Gray S., Sharma A., Burn S., Muttil N. Impact of water source management practices in residential areas on sewer networks - a review. Water Sci. Technol. 2012, 65(4):624-642.
66. Marlow D., Beale D., Burn S. Linking asset management with sustainability: views from the Australian sector. J. AWWA 2010, 102(1):56-67.
67. Marlow D.R., Beale D.J., Burn S. A pathway to a more sustainable water sector: sustainability-based asset management. Water Sci. Technol. 2010, 61(5):1245-1255.
68. Marlow D., Pearson L., Whitten S., Hatton MacDonald D., Burn S. A framework for considering externalities in urban water asset management, water science and technology. Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 64(11):2011-2199.
69. Melbourne Water (MW) Clayton South Wetland 2012, (accessed 1.12.12.). http://www.melbournewater.com.au/content/current_projects/rivers_creeks_and_wetlands/clayton_south_stormwater_harvesting_and_reuse_project/clayton_south_stormwater_harvesting_and_reuse_project.asp?bhcp=1.
70. Milly P.C.D., Betancourt J., Falkenmark M., Hirsch R.M., Kundzewicz Z.W., Lettenmaier D.P., Stouffer R.J. Climate change: stationarity is dead: whither water management?. Science 2008, 319(5863):573-574.
71. Mitchell C., Fane S., Willetts J., Plant R., Kazaglis A. Costing for Sustainable Outcomes in Urban Water Systems: a Guidebook 2007, Research Report 35, Institute for Sustainable Futures CRC for Water Quality and Treatment.
72. Mitchell V.G. Applying integrated urban water management concepts: a review of Australian experience. Environ. Manage. 2006, 37(5):598-605.
73. Moglia M., Alexander K.S., Sharma A. Discussion of the enabling environments for decentralised water systems. Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 63(10):2331-2339.
74. Moglia M., Cook S., Sharma A., Burn S. Assessing decentralised water solutions: towards a framework for adaptive learning. Water Resour. Manage. 2010, 25(1):217-238.
75. Moglia M., Sharma A., Alexander K., Mankad A. Perceived performance of decentralised water systems: a survey approach. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 2011, 11(5):516-526.
76. Moglia M., Sharma A.K., Maheepala S. Multi criteria decision assessments using subjective logic: methodology and the case of urban water strategies. J. Hydrol. 2012, 452-453:180-189.
77. Moglia M., Tjandraatmadja G., Sharma A.K. Industry and householder perceptions on rainwater tank maintenance. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 2012, 13(2):191-201.
78. Najia F., Lustig T. On-site water recycling - a total water cycle management approach. Desalination 2006, 188(1-3):195-202.
79. Nancarrow B.E., Leviston Z., Tucker D.I. Measuring the predictors of communities' behavioural decisions for potable reuse of wastewater. Water Sci. Technol. 2009, 60(12):3199-3209.
80. Nancarrow B.E., Porter N.B., Leviston Z. Predicting community acceptability of alternative urban water supply systems: a decision making model. Urban Water J. 2010, 7(3):197-210.
81. Naylor T., Moglia M., Grant A.L., Sharma A.K. Self-reported judgements of management and governance issues in stormwater and greywater systems. J. Clean. Prod. 2012, 29-30:144-150.
82. Newman P. Sustainable urban water systems in rich and poor cities-steps towards a new approach. Water Sci. Technol. 2001, 43(4):93-99.
83. Newman P. Understanding city-regional cooperation: what works where. Int. J. Public Sector Manage. 2009, 22(3):183-191.
84. Niemczynowicz J. Urban hydrology and water management - present and future challenges. Urban Water J. 1999, 1(1):1-14.
85. Novotny V. Sustainable urban water management. International Urban Water Conference, 15th-19th September 2008 2009 Heverlee, Belgium 2009, 19-31.
86. Pahl-Wostl C. Towards sustainability in the water sector - the importance of human actors and processes of social learning. Aquat. Sci. 2002, 64(4):394-411.
87. Pahl-wostl C. Transitions towards adaptive management of water facing climate and global change. Water Resour. Manage. 2007, 21(1):49-62.
88. Parkinson J., Schutze M., Butler D. Modelling the impacts of domestic water conservation on the sustainability of the urban sewerage system. Water Environ. J. 2005, 19(1):49-56.
89. Pearson L.J., Coggan A., Proctor W., Smith T.F. A sustainable decision support framework for urban water management. Water Resour. Manage. 2009, 24(2):363-376.
90. Pearson L.J., Park S., Harman B., Heyenga S. Sustainable land use scenario framework: framework and outcomes from peri-urban south-east Queensland, Australia. Landscape Urban Plann. 2010, 96(2):88-97.
91. Prime Minister's Science Engineering and Innovation Council (PMSEIC) Water for Our Cities: Building Resilience in a Climate of Uncertainty, a Report of the PMSEIC Working Group 2007, Canberra, Australia. http://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/20070622-Waterfor-our-cities.pdf.
92. Rhoads B.L., Wilson D., Urban M., Herricks E.E. Interaction between scientists and nonscientists in community-based watershed management: emergence of the concept of stream naturalization. Environ. Manage. 1999, 24(3):297-308.
93. Rittell H.W.J., Webber M.M. Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sci. 1973, 4(2):155-169.
94. Rozos E., Makropoulos C. Assessing the combined benefits of water recycling technologies by modelling the total urban water cycle. Urban Water J. 2012, 9(1):1-10.
95. Rygaard M., Binning P.J., Albrechtsen H.-J. Increasing urban water self-sufficiency: new era, new challenges. J. Environ. Manage. 2011, 92(1):185-194.
96. Schaffer D., Vollmer D. Pathways to urban sustainability: research and development on urban systems. Summary of a Workshop 2010, National Academies Press, Washington D.C., United States.
97. Sharma A., Burn S., Gardner T., Gregory A. Role of decentralised systems in the transition of urban water systems. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 2010, 10(4):577-583.
98. Sharma A., Gray S., Diaper C., Liston P., Howe C. Assessing integrated water management options for urban developments - Canberra case study. Urban Water 2008, 5(2):147-162.
99. Sharma A.K., Grant A.L., Grant T., Pamminger F., Opray L. Environmental and economic assessment of urban water services for a Greenfield development. Environ. Eng. Sci. 2009, 26(5):921-934.
100. Sharma A.K., Gray S., Diaper C., Howe C., Liston P. Assessing integrated water management options for urban developments - Canberra case study. Urban Water 2008, 5(2):147-159.
101. Singh M.R., Upadhyay V., Mittal A.K. Rational Water Tariff: a Tool for Sustainable Urban Water Management in India 2007.
102. Söderberg H., Åberg H. Assessing socio-cultural aspects of sustainable urban water systems - the case of Hamarby sjöstad. Water Sci. Tech. 2002, 2(4):203-210.
103. Speers A. Urban water futures. Transitions: Pathways toward Sustainable Urban Development in Australia 2009, 451-460. CSIRO Publishing; Melbourne, Australia, Chapter 29. P.W. Newton (Ed.).
104. Speers A., Mitchell G. Integrated urban water cycle. National Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design - Sustainable Drainage Systems for Urban Areas: Melbourne, Australia 2000.
105. Sperry R.W. Bridging science and values: a unifying view of mind and brain. Am. Psychol. 1977, 237-245.
106. Tarr J.A., McCurley F.C., McMichael F.C., Voisie T. Water and wastes: a retrospective assessment of wastewater technology in the United States. Technol. Cult. 1984, 15(2):226-263.
107. Thomas J.F., McLeod P.B. Australian Research Priorities in the Urban Water Services and Utilities Area, Division of Water Resources No. 7 1992, CSIRO, Australia.
108. Thomas J.F., Gomboso J., Oliver J.E., Ritchie V.A. Wastewater Re-use, Stormwater Management, and the National Water Reform Agenda 1997.
109. Tjandraatmadja G., Burn S., McLaughlin M., Biswas T. Rethinking urban water systems: revisiting concepts in urban wastewater collection and treatment to ensure infrastructure sustainability. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 2005, 5(2):145-154.
110. Tjandraatmadja G., Cook S., Ho A., Sharma A., Gardner T. Drivers for decentralised systems in south east Queensland. Urban Water Security Research Alliance 2009, Urban Water Security Research Alliance, Brisbane, Australia, Technical Report No. 13. D. Begbie (Ed.).
111. Tjandraatmadja G., Pollard C., Aharma A., Gardner T. How supply system design can reduce the energy footprint of rainwater supply in urban areas in Australia. The 3rd IWA-RWHM Conference & Exhibition: Goseong, Korea 2012.
112. Urich C., Bach P.M., Hellbach C., Sitzenfrei R., Kleidorfer M., McCarthy D.T., Deletic A., Rauch W. Dynamics of cities and water infrastructure in the DAnCE4Water model. 12th International Conference on Urban Drainage: Porto Alegre/Brazil 2011.
113. Van Der Brugge R., Rotmans J., Loorbach D. The transition in Dutch water management. Reg. Environ. Change 2005, 5(4):164-176.
114. Vlachos P.E., Braga P.B. Chapter 1: the challenge ofurban water management. Frontiers in Urban Water Management, Deadlock or Hope 2001, 1-34. IWA Publishing, London, U.K. C. Maksimovic, J.A. Tejada-Guibert (Eds.).
115. Walsh C.J., Fletcher T.D., Ladson A.R. Stream restoration in urban catchments through redesigning stormwater systems: looking to the catchment to save the stream. J. North Am. Benthological Soc. 2005, 24(3):690-705.
116. Walton C., Holmes K. How much water efficiency does $321 million buy. Proceedings of the 5th IWA Specialist Conference 'Efficient 2009' 2011, International Water Association (IWA) and Australian Water Association (AWA), Sydney, Australia.
117. Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) Remaining Asset Life: a State of the Art Review 2009, Project Ref.SAM1R06d, WERF, Alexandria, VA.
118. Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) A Practitioner's Guide to Economic Decision Making in Asset Management 2013, WERF, Alexandria, VA.
119. Werbeloff L., Brown R. Working towards sustainable urban water management: the vulnerability blind spot. Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 64(12):2362-2369.
120. Werbeloff L., Brown R. Security through diversity: moving from rhetoric to practice. Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 64(4):781-788.
121. Willetts J., Fane S., Mitchell C. Making decentralised systems viable: a guide to managing decentralised assets and risks. Water Sci. Technology 2007, 56(5):165-173.
122. Wong T., Brown R. Transitioning to water sensitive cities: ensuring resilience through a new hydro-social contract. 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage: Edinburgh, Scotland, UK 2008.
123. Wong T., Brown R.R. The water sensitive city: principles for practice. Water Sci. Technol 2009, 60(3):673-682.
124. Wong T.H.F. An overview of water sensitive urban design practices in Australia. Water Pract. Technol. 2006, 1(1). (online).
125. Yu C., Farrelly M., Brown R. Revealing the variables in the management of decentralised water systems in Australia. WSUD 2012-7th International Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design: Building the Water Sensitive Community, Final Program and Abstract Book 2012, Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Australia.
126. Zarghami M. Urban water management using fuzzy-probabilistic multi-objective programming with dynamic efficiency. Water Resour. Manage. 2005, 24(15):4491-4504.
127. Zarghami M., Abrishamchi A., Ardakanian R. Multi-criteria decision making for integrated urban water management. Water Resour. Manage. 2008, 22(8):1017-1029.