The bacteriological city and its discontents

Historical Geography

Volumn 34, Issue , 2006, Pages 14-25

  Gandy, Matthew ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 33845690105     PISSN: 10916458     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Stadtbad Oderberger Straße: Porträternes historischen Bades (Berlin: Gesellschaft dcr behutsamen Stadterneuerung, 2001).
2. See, for example, Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin, Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastuctures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition (London and New York: Routledge, 2001);
3. Elisabeth Heidenreich, Fließräume: die Vernetzung von Natur, Raum und Gesellchaft seit dem I9.Jahrhundert (Frankfurt: Campus, 2004);
4. Maria Kaïka and Erik Swyngedouw, "Fetishising the Modern City: The Phantasmagoria of Urban Technological Networks," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 24 (2000): 120-138
5. In an urban context the advent of neo-liberalism is associated in particular with a diminution in the role of the state in the coordination and provision of collective services yet this process exhibits wide variations in its scope and timing ranging from new strategies for urban regeneration to vast programmes of divestment in public utilities. See, for example, Neil Brenner and Nik Theodore, "Cities and the Geographies of 'Actually Existing Neoliberalism,"' Antipode 34 (2002): 349-379
6. Compare, for example, Graham and Marvin, Splintering Urbdnism̀, Patrick Joyce, The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City (London and New York: Verso, 2003)
7. and Martin Melosi, The Sanitary City: Urban Infrastructure in America From Colonial Times to the Present (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000).
8. Alain Corbin, The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986 [1982]);
9. Michel Foucault, "The Politics of Health in the Eighteenth Century," in Paul Rabinow, ed., The Foucault Reader, trans. Christian Hubert (Har-mondsworth: Penguin, 1984): 277.
10. Originally published in Power | Knowledge, ed. Colin Gordon (New York: Pantheon, 1980).
11. See also Susanne Frank, Stadtplanungim Geschlechterkdmpf Stadt und Geschlecht in der Großstadtentwicklung des 19- und 20. Jahrhunderts (Opladen: Leske und Budrich, 2003)
12. and E. Luptonandjanice A. Miller, The Bathroom, the Kitchen, and the Aesthetics of Waste: A Process of Elimination (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1992).
13. See, for example, Matthew Gandy, Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2002).
14. See Hìlmar Bärthel, Wasserfür Berlin (Berlin: Verlag fur Bauwesen, 1997)
15. and Heinrich Tepasse, Stadttechnìk im Städtebau Berlins 19. ]ahrhundert (Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 2001).
16. David Cutler and Grant Miller, Water, Water Everywhere: Municipal Finance and Water Supply in American Cities. Working paper 11096 (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005);
17. John Teaford, The Unheralded Triumph: City Government in America, 1870-1900 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984).
18. Cutler and Miller, Water, Water Everywhere;
19. William L. Kahrl, Water and Power: The Controversy over Los Angeles's Water Supply in the Owens Valley (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982);
20. Werner Troesken, "Typhoid Rates and the Public Acquisition of Private Waterworks, 1880-1920" The Journal of Economic History 59 (1999): 927-48;
21. Werner Troesken and Rick Geddes, "Municipalizing American Waterworks, 1897-1915" Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 19 (2003): 373-400;
22. John Walton, Western Times and Water Wars: State, Culture, and Rebellion in California (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
23. See, for example, Martin Daunton, "Public Place and Private Space: The Victorian City and Working-Class Housing" in D. Fraser and A. Sutcliffe, (eds.) The Pursuit of Urban History (London: Edward Arnold, 1983);
24. Richard J. Evans, Death in Hamburg: Society and Politics in the Cholera Yyears 1830-1910 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987);
25. P. Penzo, "L'urbanistica e l'amministrazione socialista a Bologna, 1914-1920," Storia Urbana 18 {66) (1994): 109-43;
26. John V. Pickstone, "Dearth, Dirt and Fever Epidemics: Rewriting the History of British 'Public Health,' 1780-1850," in Terence Osborne and Paul Slack (eds.) Epidemics and Ideas: Essays on the Historical Perception of Epidemics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
27. Improved flood control was a key part of the New Deal agenda for water management in the wake of extensive loss of life and damage to property in low-lying parts of the Gulf Coast during the 1920s and earlier. On the history of U.S. water resources policy see, for example, David Lewis Feldman, Water Resources Management: In Search of an Environmental Ethic (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991).
28. See, for example, A. Aderibigbe, Expansion of the Lagos Protectorate, 1863-1900 (Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of London, 1959).
29. "Increased comfort and cleanliness lead to health and lengthened human life," wrote Rawlinson, "and such improvements ought in their results to be at least an equivalent for the annual money value of the works and costs of management." To Sir Charles Wood, Principal Secretary of State for India from Robert Rawlinson. Report on the proposed scheme of main sewerage and drainage submitted to the Municipal Commissioners of Bombay, dated April 1863. Maharashtra State Archives, Mumbai.
30. See also Mariam Dossal, Imperial Designs and Indian Realities: The Planning of Bombay City 1845-1875 (Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1991)
31. and J.A. Jones, A Manual of Hygiene, Sanitation and Sanitary Engineering with Special References to Indian Conditions (Madras: Government Press, 1896).
32. See David Arnold, Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-century India (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993);
33. Ira Klein, "Urban Development and Death: Bombay City, 1870-1914," Modern Asian Studies, 20 (1986): 725-754
34. See Patrick Joyce, The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City (London and New York: Verso, 2003).
35. See Christopher Hamlin, Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
36. On the history of water supply see, for example, Jean-Paul Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age. Trans. A. Wilson (Oxford: Polity Press, (1989) [1986]);
37. Andre Guillerme, "Sottosuolo e construzione della città / Underground and Construction of the City," Casabella: International Architectural Review (1988) 542/543: 118;
38. and Charles D. Jacobson and Joel A. Tarr, "The Development of Water Works in the United States," Rassegna: Themes in Architecture 57 (1994): 37-41.
39. See Dominique Laporte, History of̀Shit.Trans. Nadia Benabid and Rodolphe el-Khoury (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2000 [1978]);
40. John von Simson, Kanalisation und Städtehygiene im 19. Jahrhundert (Düsseldorf: Verein Deutsche Ingenieure, 1983).
41. See Matthew Gandy, "Rethinking Urban Metabolism: Water, Space and the Modern City" City 8 (2004): 371-387
42. See Jürgen Büschenfeld, Flüsse und Kloaken: Umweltfragen im Zeitalter der Industrìalisierung (1870-1918) (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1997).
43. Richard J. Evans, Death in Hamburg: Society and Politics in the Cholera Years 1830-1910 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). Political attempts to refute Koch's research into the epidemiology of cholera also acquired an international dimension.
44. See Mariko Ogawa, "Uneasy Bedfellows: Science and Politics in die Refutation of Koch's Bacterial Theory of Cholera," Bulletin of the History of Medicine 74 (2000): 671-707.
45. Baron Haussmann, for example, refused to allow human wastes to enter the newly constructed sewers of Second Empire Paris, See Matthew Gandy, "The Paris Sewers and the Rationalization of Urban Space" Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 24: 1 (1999): 23-44;
46. Gérard Jacquemet, "Urbanisme Parisìen: la bataille du tout-a-1'égout a la fin du XIXe siècle," Revue d̀histoire moderne et contemporaine 26 (1979): 505-548
47. See, for example, D. Glassberg, "The Public Bath Movement in America," American Studies 20 (1979): 5-21;
48. J.-P. Goubert, "Wasser und Intimhygiene am Beispiels Frankreichs," in Bernd Busch and Larissa Förster, eds., Wasser (Köln: Wienand Trans. Stefan Barmann, 2000): 168-76. In private rented sectors of the housing market in some European cities we find that many households lacked bathrooms as recently as the 1970s or eyen later in the case of Altbau [old build] apartments in the former German Democratic Republic.
49. Patrick Joyce, The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the ,Modern City (London and New York: Verso, 2003): 245.
50. Thomas Osborne, "Security and Vitality: Drains, Liberalism and Power in the Nineteenth Century," in Andrew Barry, Thomas Osborne and Nikolas Rose (eds.), Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-liberalism and the Rationalities of Government(London: UCL Press, 1996): 115.
51. See also Christopher Otter, "Making Liberalism Durable: Vision and Civility in the late Victorian City" Social History 27 (2002): 1-15.
52. For recent debates over "governmentality" and the application of Foucault's ideas to urban dieory see, for example, M. Dean, Governmental-ity: Power and Rule in Modern Society (London: Sage, 1999);
53. Colin Gordon, "Governmental Rationality: An Introduction" in G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (eds) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governrnentalìty (Hemel Hempstead, Haryester Wheatsheaf, 1991): 1-52;
54. Nikolas Rose, Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
55. See also Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (Princeton, Nj: Princeton University Press, 1996).
56. Patrick Joyce, The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City (London and New York: Verso, 2003): 250.