메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 1223-1238

What do we really know about the treatment of delirium with antipsychotics? Ten key issues for delirium pharmacotherapy

Author keywords

Antipsychotics; Delirium; Pharmacotherapy; Treatment

Indexed keywords

AMISULPRIDE; ARIPIPRAZOLE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CHLORPROMAZINE; HALOPERIDOL; LORAZEPAM; MIANSERIN; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PEROSPIRONE; PLACEBO; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE;

EID: 84888645458     PISSN: 10647481     EISSN: 15457214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.09.008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (109)
  • 1
    • 33745403310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and outcome of delirium in medical inpatients: A systematic literature review
    • Siddiqi N, House AO, Holmes JD: Occurrence and outcome of delirium in medical inpatients: a systematic literature review. Age Ageing 2006;35:350-364
    • (2006) Age Ageing , vol.35 , pp. 350-364
    • Siddiqi, N.1    House, A.O.2    Holmes, J.D.3
  • 2
    • 60749096558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More attention, less confusion: Time to lessen the burden of delirium
    • Meagher D: More attention, less confusion: time to lessen the burden of delirium. Int Rev Psychiatry 2009;21:1-3
    • (2009) Int Rev Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 1-3
    • Meagher, D.1
  • 3
    • 77957318175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of an educational workshop upon attitudes towards pharmacotherapy for delirium
    • Meagher DJ: Impact of an educational workshop upon attitudes towards pharmacotherapy for delirium. Int Psychogeriatr 2010;22:938-946
    • (2010) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.22 , pp. 938-946
    • Meagher, D.J.1
  • 4
    • 85030492018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium: Diagnosis, Prevention and Management. Clinical guideline 103
    • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Delirium: Diagnosis, Prevention and Management. (Clinical guideline 103). 2010. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/CG103. Accessed February 2, 2013
    • (2010)
  • 5
    • 85030493862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modification of the Trzepacz Delirium Rating ScaleeRevised-98 for use on the Palm Pilot, and a presentation of data of symptom monitoring using haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone in the treatment of delirious hospitalized patients
    • Hill EH, Blumenfield M, Orlowski B: A modification of the Trzepacz Delirium Rating ScaleeRevised-98 for use on the Palm Pilot, and a presentation of data of symptom monitoring using haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone in the treatment of delirious hospitalized patients. Psychosomatics 2002;43:2
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , pp. 2
    • Hill, E.H.1    Blumenfield, M.2    Orlowski, B.3
  • 6
    • 0028023980 scopus 로고
    • Effects of mianserin hydrochloride on delirium: Comparison with the effects of oxypertine and haloperidol
    • Nakamura J, Uchimura N, Yamada S, et al: Effects of mianserin hydrochloride on delirium: comparison with the effects of oxypertine and haloperidol. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 1994;14:269-277
    • (1994) Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi , vol.14 , pp. 269-277
    • Nakamura, J.1    Uchimura, N.2    Yamada, S.3
  • 7
    • 0030739996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does plasma free-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl (ethylene) glycol increase in the delirious state? A comparison of the effects of mianserin and haloperidol on delirium
    • Nakamura J, Uchimura N, Yamada S, et al: Does plasma free-3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenyl (ethylene) glycol increase in the delirious state? A comparison of the effects of mianserin and haloperidol on delirium. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;12:147-152
    • (1997) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 147-152
    • Nakamura, J.1    Uchimura, N.2    Yamada, S.3
  • 9
    • 0029914622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
    • Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al: Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Controlled Clin Trials 1996;17:1-12
    • (1996) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.17 , pp. 1-12
    • Jadad, A.R.1    Moore, R.A.2    Carroll, D.3
  • 10
    • 38949096718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: A systematic review
    • Olivo SA, Macedo LG, Gadotti IC, et al: Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: a systematic review. Phys Ther 2008;88:156-175
    • (2008) Phys Ther , vol.88 , pp. 156-175
    • Olivo, S.A.1    Macedo, L.G.2    Gadotti, I.C.3
  • 11
    • 0038266756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics
    • Woods SW: Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:663-667
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 663-667
    • Woods, S.W.1
  • 13
    • 9044244135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients
    • Breitbart W, Marotta R, Platt MM, et al: A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:231-237
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 231-237
    • Breitbart, W.1    Marotta, R.2    Platt, M.M.3
  • 14
    • 78649474311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rivastigmine as an adjunct to usual care with haloperidol on duration of delirium and mortality in critically ill patients: A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial
    • Van Eijk MM, Roes KC, Honing ML, et al: Effect of rivastigmine as an adjunct to usual care with haloperidol on duration of delirium and mortality in critically ill patients: a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet 2010;376:1829-1837
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 1829-1837
    • Van Eijk, M.M.1    Roes, K.C.2    Honing, M.L.3
  • 15
    • 33846056904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine and haloperidol for senile delirium: A randomised controlled observation
    • Hua H, Wei D, Hui Y, et al: Olanzapine and haloperidol for senile delirium: a randomised controlled observation. Chin J Clin Rehabil 2006;10:188-190
    • (2006) Chin J Clin Rehabil , vol.10 , pp. 188-190
    • Hua, H.1    Wei, D.2    Hui, Y.3
  • 16
    • 77957906545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial of quetiapine versus placebo in the treatment of delirium
    • Tahir TA, Eeles E, Karapareddy V, et al: A randomised controlled trial of quetiapine versus placebo in the treatment of delirium. J Psychosom Res 2010;69:485-490
    • (2010) J Psychosom Res , vol.69 , pp. 485-490
    • Tahir, T.A.1    Eeles, E.2    Karapareddy, V.3
  • 17
    • 74949114615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of quetiapine in critically ill patients with delirium: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
    • Devlin JW, Roberts RJ, Fong JJ, et al: Efficacy and safety of quetiapine in critically ill patients with delirium: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Crit Care Med 2010;38:419-427
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 419-427
    • Devlin, J.W.1    Roberts, R.J.2    Fong, J.J.3
  • 19
    • 1642415129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine vs haloperidol: Treating delirium in a critical care setting
    • Skrobik YK, Bergeron N, Dumont M, et al: Olanzapine vs haloperidol: treating delirium in a critical care setting. Intensive Care Med 2004;30:444-449
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 444-449
    • Skrobik, Y.K.1    Bergeron, N.2    Dumont, M.3
  • 20
    • 17144364335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotics and dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms in delirium patients
    • Kim JY, Jung IK, Han C, et al: Antipsychotics and dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms in delirium patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005;59:183-188
    • (2005) Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.59 , pp. 183-188
    • Kim, J.Y.1    Jung, I.K.2    Han, C.3
  • 21
  • 22
    • 77953939713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone versus olanzapine for the treatment of delirium
    • Kim SW, Yoo JA, Lee SY, et al: Risperidone versus olanzapine for the treatment of delirium. Hum Psychopharmacol 2010;25:298-302
    • (2010) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 298-302
    • Kim, S.W.1    Yoo, J.A.2    Lee, S.Y.3
  • 23
    • 80052649960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy study of haloperidol, olanzapine and risperidone in delirium
    • Grover S, Kumar V, Chakrabarti S: Comparative efficacy study of haloperidol, olanzapine and risperidone in delirium. J Psychosom Res 2011;71:277-281
    • (2011) J Psychosom Res , vol.71 , pp. 277-281
    • Grover, S.1    Kumar, V.2    Chakrabarti, S.3
  • 24
    • 82055172601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open trial of aripiprazole for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients
    • Boettger S, Breitbart W: An open trial of aripiprazole for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. Palliat Support Care 2011;9:351-357
    • (2011) Palliat Support Care , vol.9 , pp. 351-357
    • Boettger, S.1    Breitbart, W.2
  • 25
    • 33644851831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients
    • Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, et al: Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology 2006;104:21-26
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 21-26
    • Pandharipande, P.1    Shintani, A.2    Peterson, J.3
  • 26
    • 27244458356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychoactive medications and risk of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients
    • Gaudreau JD, Gagnon P, Harel F, et al: Psychoactive medications and risk of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6712-6718
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 6712-6718
    • Gaudreau, J.D.1    Gagnon, P.2    Harel, F.3
  • 27
    • 0038689364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment for delirium with risperidone: Results of a prospective open trial with 10 patients
    • Horikawa N, Yamazaki T, Miyamoto K, et al: Treatment for delirium with risperidone: results of a prospective open trial with 10 patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2003;25:289-292
    • (2003) Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 289-292
    • Horikawa, N.1    Yamazaki, T.2    Miyamoto, K.3
  • 28
    • 2342465494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of patients with delirium
    • Parellada E, Baeza I, De Pablo J, et al: Risperidone in the treatment of patients with delirium. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:348-353
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 348-353
    • Parellada, E.1    Baeza, I.2    De Pablo, J.3
  • 29
    • 74549137304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of FDA black box advisory on antipsychotic medication use
    • Dorsey ER, Rabbani A, Gallagher SA, et al: Impact of FDA black box advisory on antipsychotic medication use. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:96-103
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , pp. 96-103
    • Dorsey, E.R.1    Rabbani, A.2    Gallagher, S.A.3
  • 30
    • 0032951356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with delirium
    • American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association: Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with delirium. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156(suppl):1-20
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-20
  • 32
    • 33845939948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National guidelines for senior mental health: The assessment and treatment of delirium
    • Hogan D, Gage L, Bruto V: National guidelines for senior mental health: the assessment and treatment of delirium. Can J Geriatr 2006;9(suppl 2):42-51
    • (2006) Can J Geriatr , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 42-51
    • Hogan, D.1    Gage, L.2    Bruto, V.3
  • 33
    • 33750459912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium in the hospitalized elderly: An audit of NCHD prescribing practice
    • Hally O, Cooney C: Delirium in the hospitalized elderly: an audit of NCHD prescribing practice. Ir J Psychol Med 2005;22:133-136
    • (2005) Ir J Psychol Med , vol.22 , pp. 133-136
    • Hally, O.1    Cooney, C.2
  • 34
    • 62649141504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of antipsychotic medications for the management of delirium: An audit of current practice in the acute care setting
    • Tropea J, Slee J, Holmes AC, et al: Use of antipsychotic medications for the management of delirium: an audit of current practice in the acute care setting. Int Psychogeriatr 2009;21:172-179
    • (2009) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.21 , pp. 172-179
    • Tropea, J.1    Slee, J.2    Holmes, A.C.3
  • 35
    • 79959873969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic prescription pattern for delirium in patients with advanced cancer
    • Hui D, Reddy A, Palla S, et al: Neuroleptic prescription pattern for delirium in patients with advanced cancer. J Palliat Care 2011;27:141-147
    • (2011) J Palliat Care , vol.27 , pp. 141-147
    • Hui, D.1    Reddy, A.2    Palla, S.3
  • 36
    • 77950572689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating delirium in a general hospital: A descriptive study of prescribing patterns and outcomes
    • Briskman I, Dubinski R, Barak Y: Treating delirium in a general hospital: a descriptive study of prescribing patterns and outcomes. Int Psychogeriatr 2010;22:328-331
    • (2010) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.22 , pp. 328-331
    • Briskman, I.1    Dubinski, R.2    Barak, Y.3
  • 37
    • 1642533603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current opinions regarding the importance, diagnosis, and management of delirium in the intensive care unit: A survey of 912 healthcare professionals
    • Ely EW, Stephens RK, Jackson JC, et al: Current opinions regarding the importance, diagnosis, and management of delirium in the intensive care unit: a survey of 912 healthcare professionals. Crit Care Med 2004;32:106-112
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 106-112
    • Ely, E.W.1    Stephens, R.K.2    Jackson, J.C.3
  • 38
    • 61649123930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium and sedation in the intensive care unit: Survey of behaviors and attitudes of 1384 healthcare professionals
    • Patel RP, Gambrell M, Speroff T, et al: Delirium and sedation in the intensive care unit: survey of behaviors and attitudes of 1384 healthcare professionals. Crit Care Med 2009;37:825-832
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 825-832
    • Patel, R.P.1    Gambrell, M.2    Speroff, T.3
  • 39
    • 70449523576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium recognition and sedation practices in critically ill patients: A survey on the attitudes of 1015 Brazilian critical care physicians
    • Salluh JI, Dal-Pizzol F, Mello PV, et al: Delirium recognition and sedation practices in critically ill patients: a survey on the attitudes of 1015 Brazilian critical care physicians. J Crit Care 2009;24:556-562
    • (2009) J Crit Care , vol.24 , pp. 556-562
    • Salluh, J.I.1    Dal-Pizzol, F.2    Mello, P.V.3
  • 40
    • 77952771541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A national survey of the management of delirium in UK intensive care units
    • MacSweeney R, Barber V, Page V, et al: A national survey of the management of delirium in UK intensive care units. QJM 2010;103:243-251
    • (2010) QJM , vol.103 , pp. 243-251
    • MacSweeney, R.1    Barber, V.2    Page, V.3
  • 41
    • 80053966407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current perceptions and practices surrounding the recognition and treatment of delirium in the intensive care unit: A survey of 250 critical care pharmacists from eight states
    • Devlin JW, Bhat S, Roberts RJ, et al: Current perceptions and practices surrounding the recognition and treatment of delirium in the intensive care unit: a survey of 250 critical care pharmacists from eight states. Ann Pharmacother 2011;45:1217-1229
    • (2011) Ann Pharmacother , vol.45 , pp. 1217-1229
    • Devlin, J.W.1    Bhat, S.2    Roberts, R.J.3
  • 43
    • 26944475560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amisulpride versus quetiapine for the treatment of delirium: A randomized, open prospective study
    • Lee KU, Won WY, Lee HK, et al: Amisulpride versus quetiapine for the treatment of delirium: a randomized, open prospective study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;20:311-314
    • (2005) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 311-314
    • Lee, K.U.1    Won, W.Y.2    Lee, H.K.3
  • 44
    • 4344630011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous ziprasidone for treatment of delirium in the intensive care unit
    • Young C, Lujan E: Intravenous ziprasidone for treatment of delirium in the intensive care unit. Aesthesiology 2004;101:794-795
    • (2004) Aesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 794-795
    • Young, C.1    Lujan, E.2
  • 45
    • 0036188136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ziprasidone treatment of delirium
    • Leso L, Schwartz TL: Ziprasidone treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics 2002;43:61-62
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , pp. 61-62
    • Leso, L.1    Schwartz, T.L.2
  • 46
    • 84855560181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features of subsyndromal and persistent delirium
    • Meagher D, Adamis D, Trzepacz P, et al: Features of subsyndromal and persistent delirium. Br J Psychiatry 2012;200:37-44
    • (2012) Br J Psychiatry , vol.200 , pp. 37-44
    • Meagher, D.1    Adamis, D.2    Trzepacz, P.3
  • 47
    • 85030497765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of delirium phenomenology supports widespread neural dysfunction
    • Leonard M, Adamis D, Jordan C, et al: A longitudinal study of delirium phenomenology supports widespread neural dysfunction. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013;21
    • (2013) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , pp. 21
    • Leonard, M.1    Adamis, D.2    Jordan, C.3
  • 48
    • 0344982230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, open-label, flexible-dose study of quetiapine in the treatment of delirium
    • Sasaki Y, Matsuyama T, Inoue S, et al: A prospective, open-label, flexible-dose study of quetiapine in the treatment of delirium. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1316-1321
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 1316-1321
    • Sasaki, Y.1    Matsuyama, T.2    Inoue, S.3
  • 49
    • 80052824087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of quetiapine on resolution of individual delirium symptoms in critically ill patients with delirium: A post-hoc analysis of a doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Riker RR, et al: Impact of quetiapine on resolution of individual delirium symptoms in critically ill patients with delirium: a post-hoc analysis of a doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Crit Care 2011;15:R215
    • (2011) Crit Care , vol.15
    • Devlin, J.W.1    Skrobik, Y.2    Riker, R.R.3
  • 50
    • 33847003392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenomenology of delirium. Assessment of 100 adult cases using standardised measures
    • Meagher DJ, Moran M, Raju B, et al: Phenomenology of delirium. Assessment of 100 adult cases using standardised measures. Br J Psychiatry 2007;190:135-141
    • (2007) Br J Psychiatry , vol.190 , pp. 135-141
    • Meagher, D.J.1    Moran, M.2    Raju, B.3
  • 51
    • 67650859609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis of the Colombian translation of the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS), Revised-98
    • Franco JG, Trzepacz PT, Mejia MA, et al: Factor analysis of the Colombian translation of the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS), Revised-98. Psychosomatics 2009;50:255-262
    • (2009) Psychosomatics , vol.50 , pp. 255-262
    • Franco, J.G.1    Trzepacz, P.T.2    Mejia, M.A.3
  • 52
    • 84855182973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric and cognitive profile of patients with DSM-IV delirium referred to an old age psychiatry consultation-liaison service
    • Jabbar F, Leonard M, Meehan K, et al: Neuropsychiatric and cognitive profile of patients with DSM-IV delirium referred to an old age psychiatry consultation-liaison service. Int Psychogeriatr 2011;23:1167-1174
    • (2011) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.23 , pp. 1167-1174
    • Jabbar, F.1    Leonard, M.2    Meehan, K.3
  • 53
    • 84858738992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptom profile and etiology of delirium in a referral population in northern India: Factor analysis of the DRS-R98
    • Mattoo SK, Grover S, Chakravarty G, et al: Symptom profile and etiology of delirium in a referral population in northern India: factor analysis of the DRS-R98. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012;24:95-101
    • (2012) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 95-101
    • Mattoo, S.K.1    Grover, S.2    Chakravarty, G.3
  • 54
    • 33749316390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal neurotransmitter metabolite levels in Alzheimer patients with a delirium
    • Van Der Cammen T J M, Tiemeier H, Engelhart MJ, et al: Abnormal neurotransmitter metabolite levels in Alzheimer patients with a delirium. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006;21:838-843
    • (2006) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 838-843
    • Van Der Cammen, T.J.M.1    Tiemeier, H.2    Engelhart, M.J.3
  • 55
    • 53749091555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum anticholinergic activity and cerebral cholinergic dysfunction: An EEG study in frail elderly with and without delirium
    • Thomas C, Hestermann U, Kopitz J, et al: Serum anticholinergic activity and cerebral cholinergic dysfunction: an EEG study in frail elderly with and without delirium. BMC Neurosci 2008;9:86
    • (2008) BMC Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 86
    • Thomas, C.1    Hestermann, U.2    Kopitz, J.3
  • 56
    • 0029977371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of environmental strategies and psychotropic medications in the management of delirium
    • Meagher D, O'Hanlon D, O'Mahony E, et al: The use of environmental strategies and psychotropic medications in the management of delirium. Br J Psychiatry 1996;168:512-515
    • (1996) Br J Psychiatry , vol.168 , pp. 512-515
    • Meagher, D.1    O'Hanlon, D.2    O'Mahony, E.3
  • 57
    • 83555166191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of motor subtypes in delirium: Relationship with other phenomenology, etiology, medication exposure and prognosis
    • Meagher D, Leonard M, Donnelly S, et al: A longitudinal study of motor subtypes in delirium: relationship with other phenomenology, etiology, medication exposure and prognosis. J Psychosomatic Res 2011;71:395-403
    • (2011) J Psychosomatic Res , vol.71 , pp. 395-403
    • Meagher, D.1    Leonard, M.2    Donnelly, S.3
  • 58
    • 49149114512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium phenomenology: What can we learn from the symptoms of delirium?
    • Gupta N, De Jonghe J, Schieveld J, et al: Delirium phenomenology: what can we learn from the symptoms of delirium? J Psychosom Res 2008;65:215-222
    • (2008) J Psychosom Res , vol.65 , pp. 215-222
    • Gupta, N.1    De Jonghe, J.2    Schieveld, J.3
  • 59
    • 49149119577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling the pathophysiology of delirium: A focus on the role of aberrant stress responses
    • Maclullich AM, Ferguson KJ, Miller T, et al: Unravelling the pathophysiology of delirium: a focus on the role of aberrant stress responses. J Psychosom Res 2008;65:229-238
    • (2008) J Psychosom Res , vol.65 , pp. 229-238
    • Maclullich, A.M.1    Ferguson, K.J.2    Miller, T.3
  • 60
    • 78149337585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria and diagnostic scales for delirium among cardiac surgery patients: Results from the IPDACS study
    • Kazmierski J, Kowman M, Banach M, et al: The use of DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria and diagnostic scales for delirium among cardiac surgery patients: results from the IPDACS study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010;22:426-432
    • (2010) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 426-432
    • Kazmierski, J.1    Kowman, M.2    Banach, M.3
  • 61
    • 0037367251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of different diagnostic criteria for delirium among elderly medical inpatients
    • Cole MG, Dendukuri N, McCusker J, et al: An empirical study of different diagnostic criteria for delirium among elderly medical inpatients. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2003;15:200-207
    • (2003) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 200-207
    • Cole, M.G.1    Dendukuri, N.2    McCusker, J.3
  • 62
    • 0038454937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of different diagnostic criteria on prevalence rates for delirium
    • Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, et al: The impact of different diagnostic criteria on prevalence rates for delirium. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2003;16:156-162
    • (2003) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.16 , pp. 156-162
    • Laurila, J.V.1    Pitkala, K.H.2    Strandberg, T.E.3
  • 65
    • 0034984728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the delirium rating scaleerevised-98: Comparison to the delirium rating scale and cognitive test for delirium
    • Trzepacz PT, Mittal D, Torres R, et al: Validation of the Delirium Rating ScaleeRevised-98: comparison to the Delirium Rating Scale and Cognitive Test for Delirium. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;13:229-242
    • (2001) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 229-242
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1    Mittal, D.2    Torres, R.3
  • 67
    • 0003412410 scopus 로고
    • Rockville, MD, U. S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs
    • Guy W: ECDEU Assessment Manual For Psychopharmacology (rev) 1976. Rockville, MD, U. S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs, 1976
    • (1976) ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology (rev) 1976
    • Guy, W.1
  • 68
    • 6944240114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: New findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness
    • McCusker J, Cole MG, Dendukuri N, et al: The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: new findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:1744-1749
    • (2004) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.52 , pp. 1744-1749
    • McCusker, J.1    Cole, M.G.2    Dendukuri, N.3
  • 69
    • 0035023645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive care delirium screening checklist: Evaluation of a new screening tool
    • Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, et al: Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med 2001;27:859-864
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 859-864
    • Bergeron, N.1    Dubois, M.J.2    Dumont, M.3
  • 70
    • 55349093603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 6- and 12-month outcomes of older medical inpatients who recover from subsyndromal delirium
    • Cole MG, McCusker J, Ciampi A, et al: The 6- and 12-month outcomes of older medical inpatients who recover from subsyndromal delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:2093-2099
    • (2008) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.56 , pp. 2093-2099
    • Cole, M.G.1    McCusker, J.2    Ciampi, A.3
  • 71
    • 80054829132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsyndromal delirium in older long-term care residents: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes
    • Cole MG, McCusker J, Voyer P, et al: Subsyndromal delirium in older long-term care residents: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:1829-1836
    • (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.59 , pp. 1829-1836
    • Cole, M.G.1    McCusker, J.2    Voyer, P.3
  • 72
    • 77955092738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocolized intensive care unit management of analgesia, sedation, and delirium improves analgesia and subsyndromal delirium rates
    • Skrobik Y, Ahern S, Leblanc M, et al: Protocolized intensive care unit management of analgesia, sedation, and delirium improves analgesia and subsyndromal delirium rates. Anesth Analg 2010;111:451-463
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.111 , pp. 451-463
    • Skrobik, Y.1    Ahern, S.2    Leblanc, M.3
  • 73
    • 84860744394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early treatment with risperidone for subsyndromal delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery in the elderly: A randomized trial
    • Hakim SM, Othman AI, Naoum DO: Early treatment with risperidone for subsyndromal delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery in the elderly: a randomized trial. Anesthesiology 2012;116:987-997
    • (2012) Anesthesiology , vol.116 , pp. 987-997
    • Hakim, S.M.1    Othman, A.I.2    Naoum, D.O.3
  • 75
    • 0030839995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of delirium in older hospitalized patients: A syndrome of heterogeneity
    • Rudberg MA, Pompei P, Foreman MD, et al: The natural history of delirium in older hospitalized patients: a syndrome of heterogeneity. Age Ageing 1997;26:169-174
    • (1997) Age Ageing , vol.26 , pp. 169-174
    • Rudberg, M.A.1    Pompei, P.2    Foreman, M.D.3
  • 76
    • 34247244313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE and cytokines as biological markers for recovery of prevalent delirium in elderly medical inpatients
    • Adamis D, Treloar A, Martin FC, et al: APOE and cytokines as biological markers for recovery of prevalent delirium in elderly medical inpatients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007;22:688-694
    • (2007) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 688-694
    • Adamis, D.1    Treloar, A.2    Martin, F.C.3
  • 77
    • 69349089596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a delirium assessment tool in the ICU can influence haloperidol use
    • Van Den Boogaard M, Pickkers P, Van Der Hoeven H, et al: Implementation of a delirium assessment tool in the ICU can influence haloperidol use. Crit Care 2009;13:R131
    • (2009) Crit Care , vol.13
    • Van Den Boogaard, M.1    Pickkers, P.2    Van Der Hoeven, H.3
  • 78
    • 67650878929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of delirium on short-term mortality in elderly inpatients: A prospective cohort study
    • González M, Martínez G, Calderón J, et al: Impact of delirium on short-term mortality in elderly inpatients: a prospective cohort study. Psychosomatics 2009;50:234-238
    • (2009) Psychosomatics , vol.50 , pp. 234-238
    • González, M.1    Martínez, G.2    Calderón, J.3
  • 79
    • 78449292957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed treatment of delirium increases mortality rate in intensive care unit patients
    • Heymann A, Radtke F, Schiemann A, et al: Delayed treatment of delirium increases mortality rate in intensive care unit patients. J Int Med Res 2010;38:1584-1595
    • (2010) J Int Med Res , vol.38 , pp. 1584-1595
    • Heymann, A.1    Radtke, F.2    Schiemann, A.3
  • 80
    • 30944447824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip surgery patients at risk for delirium: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Kalisvaart KJ, De Jonghe J F M, Bogaards MJ, et al: Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip surgery patients at risk for delirium: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:1658-1666
    • (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.53 , pp. 1658-1666
    • Kalisvaart, K.J.1    De Jonghe, J.F.M.2    Bogaards, M.J.3
  • 81
    • 77957343185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of olanzapine to prevent postoperative delirium in elderly joint-replacement patients: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Larsen KA, Kelly SE, Stern TA, et al: Administration of olanzapine to prevent postoperative delirium in elderly joint-replacement patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Psychosomatics 2010;51:409-418
    • (2010) Psychosomatics , vol.51 , pp. 409-418
    • Larsen, K.A.1    Kelly, S.E.2    Stern, T.A.3
  • 82
    • 35348887919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of risperidone for prevention of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery
    • Prakanrattana U, Prapaitrakool S: Efficacy of risperidone for prevention of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007;35:714-719
    • (2007) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.35 , pp. 714-719
    • Prakanrattana, U.1    Prapaitrakool, S.2
  • 83
    • 84857554831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol prophylaxis decreases delirium incidence in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
    • Wang W, Li HL, Wang DX, et al: Haloperidol prophylaxis decreases delirium incidence in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2012;40:731-739
    • (2012) Crit Care Med , vol.40 , pp. 731-739
    • Wang, W.1    Li, H.L.2    Wang, D.X.3
  • 84
    • 1542316783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using antipsychotic agents in older patients
    • Alexopoulos GS, Streim J, Carpenter D, et al: Using antipsychotic agents in older patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(suppl 2):5-99
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 5-99
    • Alexopoulos, G.S.1    Streim, J.2    Carpenter, D.3
  • 85
    • 60749097437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor subtypes of delirium: Past, present and future
    • Meagher D: Motor subtypes of delirium: past, present and future. Int Rev Psychiatry 2009;21:59-73
    • (2009) Int Rev Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 59-73
    • Meagher, D.1
  • 87
    • 2342473254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of risperidone in treating the hyperactive symptoms of delirium
    • Liu CY, Juang YY, Liang HY, et al: Efficacy of risperidone in treating the hyperactive symptoms of delirium. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;19:165-168
    • (2004) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 165-168
    • Liu, C.Y.1    Juang, Y.Y.2    Liang, H.Y.3
  • 88
    • 0036097170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients
    • Breitbart W, Tremblay A, Gibson C: An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosomatics 2002;43:175-182
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , pp. 175-182
    • Breitbart, W.1    Tremblay, A.2    Gibson, C.3
  • 89
    • 80052591753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol and risperidone in the treatment of delirium and its subtypes
    • Boettger S, Breitbart W, Passik S: Haloperidol and risperidone in the treatment of delirium and its subtypes. Eur J Psychiatry 2011;25:59-67
    • (2011) Eur J Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 59-67
    • Boettger, S.1    Breitbart, W.2    Passik, S.3
  • 90
    • 58049105380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The active management of delirium: Improving detection and treatment
    • Meagher D, Leonard M: The active management of delirium: improving detection and treatment. APT 2008;14:292-301
    • (2008) APT , vol.14 , pp. 292-301
    • Meagher, D.1    Leonard, M.2
  • 92
    • 0033769092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undetected dementia in community-dwelling older people: The Canadian Study of Health and Aging
    • Sternberg SA, Wolfson C, Baumgarten M: Undetected dementia in community-dwelling older people: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:1430-1434
    • (2000) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.48 , pp. 1430-1434
    • Sternberg, S.A.1    Wolfson, C.2    Baumgarten, M.3
  • 93
    • 67650888912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia in the acute hospital: Prospective cohort study of prevalence and mortality
    • Sampson EL, Blanchard MR, Jones L, et al: Dementia in the acute hospital: prospective cohort study of prevalence and mortality. Br J Psychiatry 2009;195:61-66
    • (2009) Br J Psychiatry , vol.195 , pp. 61-66
    • Sampson, E.L.1    Blanchard, M.R.2    Jones, L.3
  • 94
    • 2942711562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of delirium: Results from a prospective open-label trial
    • Mittal D, Jimerson NA, Neely EP, et al: Risperidone in the treatment of delirium: results from a prospective open-label trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:662-667
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 662-667
    • Mittal, D.1    Jimerson, N.A.2    Neely, E.P.3
  • 95
    • 3042549215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adouble-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium
    • Han CS, Kim YK: Adouble-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics 2004;45:297-301
    • (2004) Psychosomatics , vol.45 , pp. 297-301
    • Han, C.S.1    Kim, Y.K.2
  • 96
    • 0034785474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open pilot trial of olanzapine for delirium in the Korean population
    • Kim KS, Pae CU, Chae JH, et al: An open pilot trial of olanzapine for delirium in the Korean population. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;55:515-519
    • (2001) Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.55 , pp. 515-519
    • Kim, K.S.1    Pae, C.U.2    Chae, J.H.3
  • 97
    • 1542620760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot trial of quetiapine for the treatment of patients with delirium
    • Pae CU, Lee SJ, Lee CU, et al: A pilot trial of quetiapine for the treatment of patients with delirium. Hum Psychopharmacol 2004;19:125-127
    • (2004) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 125-127
    • Pae, C.U.1    Lee, S.J.2    Lee, C.U.3
  • 98
    • 26944441633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between plasma concentration levels of risperidone and clinical effects in the treatment of delirium
    • Toda H, Kusumi I, Sasaki Y, et al: Relationship between plasma concentration levels of risperidone and clinical effects in the treatment of delirium. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;2:331-333
    • (2005) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.2 , pp. 331-333
    • Toda, H.1    Kusumi, I.2    Sasaki, Y.3
  • 99
    • 33847197130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience of quetiapine in 24 elderly patients with delirium
    • Omura K, Amano N: Clinical experience of quetiapine in 24 elderly patients with delirium. Psychogeriatrics 2003;3:69-72
    • (2003) Psychogeriatrics , vol.3 , pp. 69-72
    • Omura, K.1    Amano, N.2
  • 100
    • 80455145301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment characteristics of delirium superimposed on dementia
    • Boettger S, Passik S, Breitbart W: Treatment characteristics of delirium superimposed on dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2011;23:1671-1676
    • (2011) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.23 , pp. 1671-1676
    • Boettger, S.1    Passik, S.2    Breitbart, W.3
  • 101
    • 0034995185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing delirium after hip fracture: A randomized trial
    • Marcantonio ER, Flacker JM, Wright RJ, et al: Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:516-522
    • (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.49 , pp. 516-522
    • Marcantonio, E.R.1    Flacker, J.M.2    Wright, R.J.3
  • 102
    • 33644665101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicomponent geriatric intervention for elderly inpatients with delirium: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Pitkälä KH, Laurila JV, Strandberg TE, et al: Multicomponent geriatric intervention for elderly inpatients with delirium: a randomized, controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006;61:176-181
    • (2006) J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.61 , pp. 176-181
    • Pitkälä, K.H.1    Laurila, J.V.2    Strandberg, T.E.3
  • 103
    • 58349114259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death
    • Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, et al: Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med 2009;360:225-235
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 225-235
    • Ray, W.A.1    Chung, C.P.2    Murray, K.T.3
  • 104
    • 79551647270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cerebrovascular adverse events and death in elderly patients with dementia when treated with antipsychotic medications: A literature review of evidence
    • Mittal V, Kurup L, Williamson D, et al: Risk of cerebrovascular adverse events and death in elderly patients with dementia when treated with antipsychotic medications: a literature review of evidence. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2011;26:10-28
    • (2011) Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen , vol.26 , pp. 10-28
    • Mittal, V.1    Kurup, L.2    Williamson, D.3
  • 105
    • 67649117995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective, exploratory, secondary analysis of the association between antipsychotic use and mortality in elderly patients with delirium
    • Elie M, Boss K, Cole MG, et al: A retrospective, exploratory, secondary analysis of the association between antipsychotic use and mortality in elderly patients with delirium. Int Psychogeriatr 2009;21:588-592
    • (2009) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.21 , pp. 588-592
    • Elie, M.1    Boss, K.2    Cole, M.G.3
  • 106
    • 77950934586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FDA extended warning for intravenous haloperidol and torsades de pointes: How should institutions respond?
    • Meyer-Massetti C, Cheng CM, Sharpe BA, et al: The FDA extended warning for intravenous haloperidol and torsades de pointes: how should institutions respond? J Hosp Med 2010;5:E8-16
    • (2010) J Hosp Med , vol.5
    • Meyer-Massetti, C.1    Cheng, C.M.2    Sharpe, B.A.3
  • 107
    • 85030493851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term use of atypical antipsychotics in the medically ill: An assessment of adverse metabolic and cardiac effects
    • Alici Y, Breitbart W, Rueda-Lara M: Short-term use of atypical antipsychotics in the medically ill: an assessment of adverse metabolic and cardiac effects. Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Conference Proceedings 2007;45-46
    • (2007) Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Conference Proceedings , pp. 45-46
    • Alici, Y.1    Breitbart, W.2    Rueda-Lara, M.3
  • 108
    • 33748749787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early effect of olanzapine and risperidone on insulin secretion in atypical-naïve schizophrenic patients
    • Chiu CC, Chen KP, Liu HC, et al: The early effect of olanzapine and risperidone on insulin secretion in atypical-naïve schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;26:504-507
    • (2006) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.26 , pp. 504-507
    • Chiu, C.C.1    Chen, K.P.2    Liu, H.C.3
  • 109
    • 61849142834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome complicating antipsychotic treatment of delirium or agitation in medical and surgical patients: Case reports and a review of the literature
    • Seitz DP, Gill SS: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome complicating antipsychotic treatment of delirium or agitation in medical and surgical patients: case reports and a review of the literature. Psychosomatics 2009;50:8-15
    • (2009) Psychosomatics , vol.50 , pp. 8-15
    • Seitz, D.P.1    Gill, S.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.