메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 215-222

Delirium phenomenology: What can we learn from the symptoms of delirium?

Author keywords

Delirium; Phenomenology

Indexed keywords

NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

EID: 49149114512     PISSN: 00223999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.05.020     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (86)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 0032440758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium phenomenology illuminates pathophysiology, management and course
    • Meagher D.J., and Trzepacz P.T. Delirium phenomenology illuminates pathophysiology, management and course. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 11 (1998) 150-157
    • (1998) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 150-157
    • Meagher, D.J.1    Trzepacz, P.T.2
  • 2
    • 0032811640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the neuropathogenesis of delirium
    • Trzepacz P.T. Update on the neuropathogenesis of delirium. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10 (1999) 330-334
    • (1999) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.10 , pp. 330-334
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1
  • 3
    • 0028236953 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathogenesis of delirium: a need to focus our research
    • Trzepacz P.T. Neuropathogenesis of delirium: a need to focus our research. Psychosomatics 35 (1994) 374-391
    • (1994) Psychosomatics , vol.35 , pp. 374-391
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1
  • 5
    • 0033781194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in delirium
    • Webster R., and Holroyd S. Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in delirium. Psychosomatics 41 (2000) 519-522
    • (2000) Psychosomatics , vol.41 , pp. 519-522
    • Webster, R.1    Holroyd, S.2
  • 7
    • 0023198247 scopus 로고
    • The phenomenology of acute organic psychosis: comparison with acute schizophrenia
    • Cutting J. The phenomenology of acute organic psychosis: comparison with acute schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 151 (1987) 324-332
    • (1987) Br J Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 324-332
    • Cutting, J.1
  • 8
    • 0026281590 scopus 로고
    • Delirium: phenomenologic and etiologic subtypes
    • Ross C.A., Peyser C.E., Shapiro I., et al. Delirium: phenomenologic and etiologic subtypes. Int Psychogeriatr 3 (1991) 135-147
    • (1991) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.3 , pp. 135-147
    • Ross, C.A.1    Peyser, C.E.2    Shapiro, I.3
  • 9
    • 0030822745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of delirium: part 1. Outcome of delirium diagnosed by DSM-III-R, ICD-10 and CAMDEX and derivation of the Reversible Cognitive Dysfunction Scale among acute geriatric inpatients
    • Treloar A.J., and Macdonald A.J. Outcome of delirium: part 1. Outcome of delirium diagnosed by DSM-III-R, ICD-10 and CAMDEX and derivation of the Reversible Cognitive Dysfunction Scale among acute geriatric inpatients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 12 (1997) 609-613
    • (1997) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.12 , pp. 609-613
    • Treloar, A.J.1    Macdonald, A.J.2
  • 10
    • 0037242945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium symptoms in post-acute care: prevalent, persistent, and associated with poor functional recovery
    • Marcantonio E.R., Simon S.E., Bergmann M.A., et al. Delirium symptoms in post-acute care: prevalent, persistent, and associated with poor functional recovery. JAGS 51 (2003) 4-9
    • (2003) JAGS , vol.51 , pp. 4-9
    • Marcantonio, E.R.1    Simon, S.E.2    Bergmann, M.A.3
  • 11
    • 13444291032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical presentation of delirium in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    • Fann J.R., Alfano C.M., Burington B.E., Roth-Roemer S., Katon W.J., and Syrjala K.L. Clinical presentation of delirium in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer 103 (2005) 810-820
    • (2005) Cancer , vol.103 , pp. 810-820
    • Fann, J.R.1    Alfano, C.M.2    Burington, B.E.3    Roth-Roemer, S.4    Katon, W.J.5    Syrjala, K.L.6
  • 12
    • 0024259979 scopus 로고
    • Delirium: 100 cases
    • Sirois F. Delirium: 100 cases. Can J Psychiatry 33 (1988) 375-378
    • (1988) Can J Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 375-378
    • Sirois, F.1
  • 13
  • 14
    • 0031744463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is delirium different when it occurs in dementia? A study using the Delirium Rating Scale
    • Trzepacz P.T., Mulsant B.H., Dew M.A., et al. Is delirium different when it occurs in dementia? A study using the Delirium Rating Scale. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 10 (1998) 199-204
    • (1998) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 199-204
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1    Mulsant, B.H.2    Dew, M.A.3
  • 15
    • 0036261709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms of delirium among elderly medical inpatients with or without dementia
    • Cole M., McCusker J., Dendukuri N., and Han L. Symptoms of delirium among elderly medical inpatients with or without dementia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 14 (2002) 167-175
    • (2002) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 167-175
    • Cole, M.1    McCusker, J.2    Dendukuri, N.3    Han, L.4
  • 16
    • 31444453142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and symptoms of delirium superimposed on dementia
    • Voyer P., Cole M.G., McCusker J., and Belzile E. Prevalence and symptoms of delirium superimposed on dementia. Clin Nurs Res 15 (2006) 46-66
    • (2006) Clin Nurs Res , vol.15 , pp. 46-66
    • Voyer, P.1    Cole, M.G.2    McCusker, J.3    Belzile, E.4
  • 17
    • 0027314741 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence and duration of symptoms in elderly patients with delirium
    • Rockwood K. The occurrence and duration of symptoms in elderly patients with delirium. J Gerontol Med Sci 48 (1993) M162-M166
    • (1993) J Gerontol Med Sci , vol.48
    • Rockwood, K.1
  • 18
    • 33747148178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of delirium in adults and children
    • Turkel S.B., Trzepacz P.T., and Tavare C.J. Comparison of delirium in adults and children. Psychosomatics 47 (2006) 320-324
    • (2006) Psychosomatics , vol.47 , pp. 320-324
    • Turkel, S.B.1    Trzepacz, P.T.2    Tavare, C.J.3
  • 20
    • 0035217855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underlying pathologies and their associations with clinical features in terminal delirium of cancer patients
    • Morita T., Tei Y., Tsunoda J., Inoue M., and Chihara S. Underlying pathologies and their associations with clinical features in terminal delirium of cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 22 (2001) 997-1006
    • (2001) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.22 , pp. 997-1006
    • Morita, T.1    Tei, Y.2    Tsunoda, J.3    Inoue, M.4    Chihara, S.5
  • 21
    • 0027285165 scopus 로고
    • Delirium in the elderly: relationship of clinical symptoms to outcome
    • Wada Y., and Yamaguchi N. Delirium in the elderly: relationship of clinical symptoms to outcome. Dementia 4 (1993) 113-116
    • (1993) Dementia , vol.4 , pp. 113-116
    • Wada, Y.1    Yamaguchi, N.2
  • 22
    • 0030839995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of delirium in older hospitalized patients: a syndrome of heterogeneity
    • Rudberg M.A., Pompei P., Foreman M.D., Ross R.E., and Cassel C.K. The natural history of delirium in older hospitalized patients: a syndrome of heterogeneity. Age Ageing 26 (1997) 169-174
    • (1997) Age Ageing , vol.26 , pp. 169-174
    • Rudberg, M.A.1    Pompei, P.2    Foreman, M.D.3    Ross, R.E.4    Cassel, C.K.5
  • 23
    • 49149102518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • van der Mast RC. Detecting and measuring the severity of delirium with the symptom rating scale for delirium, In: Delirium after cardiac surgery. Thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Benecke Consultants, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1994, pp. 78-89.
    • van der Mast RC. Detecting and measuring the severity of delirium with the symptom rating scale for delirium, In: Delirium after cardiac surgery. Thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Benecke Consultants, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1994, pp. 78-89.
  • 24
    • 49149128026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laurila J. Phenomenology of delirium. University of Helsinki 2004. Medical thesis, unpublished.
    • Laurila J. Phenomenology of delirium. University of Helsinki 2004. Medical thesis, unpublished.
  • 27
    • 24644466763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The performance of the Clock Drawing Test in elderly medical inpatients: does it have utility in the identification of delirium
    • Adamis D., Morrison C., Treloar A., MacDonald A.J., and Martin F.C. The performance of the Clock Drawing Test in elderly medical inpatients: does it have utility in the identification of delirium. J Ger Psychiatry Neurol 18 (2005) 129-133
    • (2005) J Ger Psychiatry Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 129-133
    • Adamis, D.1    Morrison, C.2    Treloar, A.3    MacDonald, A.J.4    Martin, F.C.5
  • 29
    • 0034017828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictive value of dysgraphia and constructional apraxia for delirium in psychiatric inpatients
    • Baranowski S.L., and Patten S.B. The predictive value of dysgraphia and constructional apraxia for delirium in psychiatric inpatients. Can J Psychiatry 45 (2000) 75-78
    • (2000) Can J Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 75-78
    • Baranowski, S.L.1    Patten, S.B.2
  • 31
    • 0036024728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium after coronary bypass surgery evaluated by the organic brain syndrome protocol
    • Eriksson M., Samuelsson E., Gustafson Y., Aberg T., and Engstrom K.G. Delirium after coronary bypass surgery evaluated by the organic brain syndrome protocol. Scand Cardiovasc J 36 (2002) 250-255
    • (2002) Scand Cardiovasc J , vol.36 , pp. 250-255
    • Eriksson, M.1    Samuelsson, E.2    Gustafson, Y.3    Aberg, T.4    Engstrom, K.G.5
  • 32
    • 0036097170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients
    • Breitbart W., Tremblay A., and Gibson C. An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosomatics 43 (2002) 175-182
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , pp. 175-182
    • Breitbart, W.1    Tremblay, A.2    Gibson, C.3
  • 33
    • 49149092088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leonard M, Spiller J, Keen J, MacLullich A, Kamholtz B, Meagher D. Symptoms of depression and delirium assessed serially in palliative care inpatients. Psychosomatics [in press].
    • Leonard M, Spiller J, Keen J, MacLullich A, Kamholtz B, Meagher D. Symptoms of depression and delirium assessed serially in palliative care inpatients. Psychosomatics [in press].
  • 35
    • 0042161699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between the clinical subtypes of delirium and the urinary level of 6-SMT
    • Balan S., and Leibowitz A. The relation between the clinical subtypes of delirium and the urinary level of 6-SMT. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 15 (2003) 363-366
    • (2003) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 363-366
    • Balan, S.1    Leibowitz, A.2
  • 37
    • 0027981586 scopus 로고
    • The dilemma of delirium: clinical and research controversies regarding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients
    • Inouye S.K. The dilemma of delirium: clinical and research controversies regarding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients. Am J Med 7 (1994) 278-288
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.7 , pp. 278-288
    • Inouye, S.K.1
  • 38
    • 0029977371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of environmental strategies and psychotropic medication in the management of delirium
    • Meagher D.J., O'Hanlon D., O'Mahony E., et al. Use of environmental strategies and psychotropic medication in the management of delirium. Br J Psychiatry 168 (1996) 512-515
    • (1996) Br J Psychiatry , vol.168 , pp. 512-515
    • Meagher, D.J.1    O'Hanlon, D.2    O'Mahony, E.3
  • 39
    • 0036097548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The delirium experience: delirium recall and delirium-related distress in hospitalized patients with cancer, their spouses/caregivers, and their nurses
    • Breitbart W., Gibson C., and Tremblay A. The delirium experience: delirium recall and delirium-related distress in hospitalized patients with cancer, their spouses/caregivers, and their nurses. Psychosomatics 43 (2002) 183-194
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , pp. 183-194
    • Breitbart, W.1    Gibson, C.2    Tremblay, A.3
  • 40
    • 0032904295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of delirium subtypes in older people
    • O'Keeffe S.T., and Lavan J.N. Clinical significance of delirium subtypes in older people. Age Ageing 28 (1999) 115-119
    • (1999) Age Ageing , vol.28 , pp. 115-119
    • O'Keeffe, S.T.1    Lavan, J.N.2
  • 41
    • 0026464822 scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of delirium subtypes
    • Liptzin B., and Levkoff S.E. An empirical study of delirium subtypes. Br J Psychiatry 161 (1992) 843-845
    • (1992) Br J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 843-845
    • Liptzin, B.1    Levkoff, S.E.2
  • 42
    • 0036247735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium severity and psychomotor types: their relationship with outcomes after hip fracture repair
    • Marcantonio E., Ta T., Duthie E., and Resnick N.M. Delirium severity and psychomotor types: their relationship with outcomes after hip fracture repair. J Am Geriatr Soc 50 (2002) 850-857
    • (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.50 , pp. 850-857
    • Marcantonio, E.1    Ta, T.2    Duthie, E.3    Resnick, N.M.4
  • 43
    • 0030225801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective study of the psychiatric management and outcome of delirium in the cancer patient
    • Olofsson S.M., Weitzner M.A., Valentine A.D., et al. A retrospective study of the psychiatric management and outcome of delirium in the cancer patient. Support Care Cancer 4 (1996) 351-357
    • (1996) Support Care Cancer , vol.4 , pp. 351-357
    • Olofsson, S.M.1    Weitzner, M.A.2    Valentine, A.D.3
  • 44
    • 34249664887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between psychomotor activity delirium subtypes and mortality among newly admitted postacute facility patients
    • Kiely D.K., Jones R.N., Bergmann M.A., and Marcantonio E.R. Association between psychomotor activity delirium subtypes and mortality among newly admitted postacute facility patients. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci 62 (2007) 174-179
    • (2007) J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.62 , pp. 174-179
    • Kiely, D.K.1    Jones, R.N.2    Bergmann, M.A.3    Marcantonio, E.R.4
  • 45
    • 0020599382 scopus 로고
    • Transient cognitive disorders (delirium, acute confusional states) in the elderly
    • Lipowski Z.J. Transient cognitive disorders (delirium, acute confusional states) in the elderly. Am J Psychiatry 140 (1983) 1426-1436
    • (1983) Am J Psychiatry , vol.140 , pp. 1426-1436
    • Lipowski, Z.J.1
  • 46
    • 0024539093 scopus 로고
    • Delirium in the elderly patient
    • Lipowski Z.J. Delirium in the elderly patient. N Eng J Med 320 (1989) 578-582
    • (1989) N Eng J Med , vol.320 , pp. 578-582
    • Lipowski, Z.J.1
  • 47
    • 0032812866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical subtypes of delirium in the elderly
    • O'Keeffe S.T. Clinical subtypes of delirium in the elderly. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10 (1999) 380-385
    • (1999) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.10 , pp. 380-385
    • O'Keeffe, S.T.1
  • 50
    • 0034984728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98: comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium
    • Trzepacz P.T., Mittal D., Torres R., Kanary K., and Norton J. Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98: comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13 (2001) 229-242
    • (2001) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 229-242
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1    Mittal, D.2    Torres, R.3    Kanary, K.4    Norton, J.5
  • 51
    • 49149086218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meagher D, Moran M, Raju B, et al. Motor symptoms in 100 consecutive cases of delirium vs. controls: comparison of subtyping methods. Psychosomatics [in press].
    • Meagher D, Moran M, Raju B, et al. Motor symptoms in 100 consecutive cases of delirium vs. controls: comparison of subtyping methods. Psychosomatics [in press].
  • 52
    • 36348943964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motion analysis in delirium: a novel method of clarifying motoric subtypes
    • Leonard M., Godfrey A., Silberhorn M., et al. Motion analysis in delirium: a novel method of clarifying motoric subtypes. Neurocase 13 (2007) 272-277
    • (2007) Neurocase , vol.13 , pp. 272-277
    • Leonard, M.1    Godfrey, A.2    Silberhorn, M.3
  • 54
    • 0037977890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic significance of subsyndromal delirium in elderly medical inpatients
    • Cole M., McCusker J., Dendukuri N., and Han L. The prognostic significance of subsyndromal delirium in elderly medical inpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc 51 (2003) 754-760
    • (2003) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.51 , pp. 754-760
    • Cole, M.1    McCusker, J.2    Dendukuri, N.3    Han, L.4
  • 55
    • 34347393475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary derivation of a Nursing Home Confusion Assessment Method based on data from the Minimum Data Set
    • Dosa D., Intrator O., McNicoll L., Cang Y., and Teno J. Preliminary derivation of a Nursing Home Confusion Assessment Method based on data from the Minimum Data Set. J Am Geriatr Soc 55 (2007) 1099-1105
    • (2007) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.55 , pp. 1099-1105
    • Dosa, D.1    Intrator, O.2    McNicoll, L.3    Cang, Y.4    Teno, J.5
  • 56
    • 23444447669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of older people admitted to postacute facilities with delirium
    • Marcantonio E.R., Kiely D.K., Simon S.E., et al. Outcomes of older people admitted to postacute facilities with delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc 53 (2005) 963-969
    • (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.53 , pp. 963-969
    • Marcantonio, E.R.1    Kiely, D.K.2    Simon, S.E.3
  • 58
    • 3042828630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium: behavioural changes before and during the prodromal phase
    • Duppils G.S., and Wikblad K. Delirium: behavioural changes before and during the prodromal phase. J Clin Nurs 13 (2004) 609-616
    • (2004) J Clin Nurs , vol.13 , pp. 609-616
    • Duppils, G.S.1    Wikblad, K.2
  • 59
    • 33846996788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early symptoms in the prodromal phase of delirium: a prospective cohort study in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery
    • de Jonghe J.F., Kalisvaart K.J., Dijkstra M., et al. Early symptoms in the prodromal phase of delirium: a prospective cohort study in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery. Am J Geriatr Psychiatr 15 (2007) 112-121
    • (2007) Am J Geriatr Psychiatr , vol.15 , pp. 112-121
    • de Jonghe, J.F.1    Kalisvaart, K.J.2    Dijkstra, M.3
  • 60
    • 35848955423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG changes and serum anticholinergic activity measured in patients with delirium in the intensive care unit
    • Plaschke K., Hill H., Engelhardt R., et al. EEG changes and serum anticholinergic activity measured in patients with delirium in the intensive care unit. Anaesthesia 62 (2007) 1217-1223
    • (2007) Anaesthesia , vol.62 , pp. 1217-1223
    • Plaschke, K.1    Hill, H.2    Engelhardt, R.3
  • 61
    • 38849169968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged activation EEG differentiates dementia with and without delirium in frail elderly patients
    • Thomas C., Hestermann U., Walther S., Pfueller U., et al. Prolonged activation EEG differentiates dementia with and without delirium in frail elderly patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79 (2008) 119-125
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 119-125
    • Thomas, C.1    Hestermann, U.2    Walther, S.3    Pfueller, U.4
  • 62
    • 0025667229 scopus 로고
    • Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium
    • Inouye S.K., van Dyck C.H., Alessi C.A., Balkin S., Siegal A.P., and Horwitz R.I. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med 113 (1990) 941-948
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , pp. 941-948
    • Inouye, S.K.1    van Dyck, C.H.2    Alessi, C.A.3    Balkin, S.4    Siegal, A.P.5    Horwitz, R.I.6
  • 63
    • 0026562407 scopus 로고
    • The delirium symptom interview: an interview for the detection of delirium symptoms in hospitalized patients
    • Albert M.S., Levkoff S.E., Reilly C., et al. The delirium symptom interview: an interview for the detection of delirium symptoms in hospitalized patients. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 5 (1992) 14-21
    • (1992) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 14-21
    • Albert, M.S.1    Levkoff, S.E.2    Reilly, C.3
  • 64
    • 0030293351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NEECHAM Confusion Scale: construction, validation, and clinical testing
    • Neelon V.J., Champagne M.T., Carlson J.R., and Funk S.G. The NEECHAM Confusion Scale: construction, validation, and clinical testing. Nurs Res 45 (1996) 324-330
    • (1996) Nurs Res , vol.45 , pp. 324-330
    • Neelon, V.J.1    Champagne, M.T.2    Carlson, J.R.3    Funk, S.G.4
  • 67
    • 0030876320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confusional State Evaluation (CSE): an instrument for measuring severity of delirium in the elderly
    • Robertsson B., Karlsson I., Styrud E., and Gottfries C.G. Confusional State Evaluation (CSE): an instrument for measuring severity of delirium in the elderly. Br J Psychiatry 170 (1997) 565-570
    • (1997) Br J Psychiatry , vol.170 , pp. 565-570
    • Robertsson, B.1    Karlsson, I.2    Styrud, E.3    Gottfries, C.G.4
  • 68
    • 0032430554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of a new measure of severity of delirium
    • McCusker J., Cole M., Bellavance F., and Primeau F. Reliability and validity of a new measure of severity of delirium. Int Psychogeriatr 10 (1998) 421-433
    • (1998) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.10 , pp. 421-433
    • McCusker, J.1    Cole, M.2    Bellavance, F.3    Primeau, F.4
  • 69
    • 6944240114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: new findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness
    • McCusker J., Cole M.G., Dendukuri N., and Belzile E. The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: new findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness. J Am Geriatr Soc. 52 (2004) 1744-1749
    • (2004) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.52 , pp. 1744-1749
    • McCusker, J.1    Cole, M.G.2    Dendukuri, N.3    Belzile, E.4
  • 70
    • 0036800422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review
    • Fick D., Agostini J.V., and Inouye S.K. Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review. JAGS 50 (2002) 1723-1732
    • (2002) JAGS , vol.50 , pp. 1723-1732
    • Fick, D.1    Agostini, J.V.2    Inouye, S.K.3
  • 72
    • 0942300622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and documentation of dementia and delirium in acute geriatric wards
    • Laurila J.V., Pitkala K.H., Strandberg T.E., and Tilvis R.S. Detection and documentation of dementia and delirium in acute geriatric wards. Gen Hosp Psych 26 (2004) 31-35
    • (2004) Gen Hosp Psych , vol.26 , pp. 31-35
    • Laurila, J.V.1    Pitkala, K.H.2    Strandberg, T.E.3    Tilvis, R.S.4
  • 73
    • 5644234950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of different diagnostic criteria on prognosis of delirium: a prospective study
    • Laurila J.V., Pitkala K.H., Strandberg T.E., and Tilvis R.S. Impact of different diagnostic criteria on prognosis of delirium: a prospective study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 18 (2004) 240-244
    • (2004) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.18 , pp. 240-244
    • Laurila, J.V.1    Pitkala, K.H.2    Strandberg, T.E.3    Tilvis, R.S.4
  • 75
    • 36348981613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenomenological distinctions needed in DSM-V: delirium, subsyndromal delirium, and dementias
    • Meagher D., and Trzepacz P.T. Phenomenological distinctions needed in DSM-V: delirium, subsyndromal delirium, and dementias. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19 (2007) 468-470
    • (2007) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 468-470
    • Meagher, D.1    Trzepacz, P.T.2
  • 76
    • 0036169522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirium and psychotic symptoms-an integrative model
    • Charlton B.G., and Kavanau J.L. Delirium and psychotic symptoms-an integrative model. Med Hypotheses 58 (2002) 24-27
    • (2002) Med Hypotheses , vol.58 , pp. 24-27
    • Charlton, B.G.1    Kavanau, J.L.2
  • 77
    • 0035688749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative delirium and melatonin levels in elderly patients
    • Shigeta H., Yasui A., Nimura Y., et al. Postoperative delirium and melatonin levels in elderly patients. Am J Surg 182 (2001) 449-454
    • (2001) Am J Surg , vol.182 , pp. 449-454
    • Shigeta, H.1    Yasui, A.2    Nimura, Y.3
  • 78
    • 0023270212 scopus 로고
    • Acute confusional state and acute agitated delirium
    • Mori E., and Yamadori A. Acute confusional state and acute agitated delirium. Arch Neurol 44 (1987) 1139-1143
    • (1987) Arch Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 1139-1143
    • Mori, E.1    Yamadori, A.2
  • 79
    • 2942615465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The A9 allele of the dopamine transporter gene increases the risk of visual hallucinations during alcohol withdrawal in alcohol-dependent women
    • Limosin F., Loze J.Y., Boni C., Fedeli L.P., Hamon M., Rouillon F., Ades J., and Gorwood P. The A9 allele of the dopamine transporter gene increases the risk of visual hallucinations during alcohol withdrawal in alcohol-dependent women. Neurosci Lett. 362 (2004) 91-94
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett. , vol.362 , pp. 91-94
    • Limosin, F.1    Loze, J.Y.2    Boni, C.3    Fedeli, L.P.4    Hamon, M.5    Rouillon, F.6    Ades, J.7    Gorwood, P.8
  • 80
    • 0036667807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of quantitative loci in the CCKAR gene with susceptibility to alcoholism
    • Okubo T., Harada S., Higuchi S., and Matsushita S. Investigation of quantitative loci in the CCKAR gene with susceptibility to alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26 Suppl 8 (2002) 2-5
    • (2002) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 8 , pp. 2-5
    • Okubo, T.1    Harada, S.2    Higuchi, S.3    Matsushita, S.4
  • 81
    • 0034917787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism and severe alcoholic withdrawal symptoms in male Japanese alcoholics
    • Nakamura A., Inada T., Kitao Y., and Katayama Y. Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism and severe alcoholic withdrawal symptoms in male Japanese alcoholics. Addict Biol 6 (2001) 233-238
    • (2001) Addict Biol , vol.6 , pp. 233-238
    • Nakamura, A.1    Inada, T.2    Kitao, Y.3    Katayama, Y.4
  • 82
    • 0043165082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association analyses between polymorphisms of the phase II detoxification enzymes (GSTM1, NQO1, NQO2) and alcohol withdrawal symptoms
    • Okubo T., Harada S., Higuchi S., and Matsushita S. Association analyses between polymorphisms of the phase II detoxification enzymes (GSTM1, NQO1, NQO2) and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27 8 Suppl (2003) 68S-71S
    • (2003) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.27 , Issue.8 SUPPL
    • Okubo, T.1    Harada, S.2    Higuchi, S.3    Matsushita, S.4
  • 83
    • 49149104062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ruiz-Chow A, Ramírez-Bermúdez J, Pérez-Neri I, Ríos C. Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid is correlated to psychotic features in neurological patients with delirium. Gen Hosp Psych [in press].
    • Ruiz-Chow A, Ramírez-Bermúdez J, Pérez-Neri I, Ríos C. Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid is correlated to psychotic features in neurological patients with delirium. Gen Hosp Psych [in press].
  • 87
    • 49149094705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meagher D, Leonard M. Active management of delirium across treatment settings. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment [in press].
    • Meagher D, Leonard M. Active management of delirium across treatment settings. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment [in press].
  • 88
    • 34247505800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exploratory study of diagnostic criteria for delirium in older medical inpatients
    • Cole M.G., McCusker J., Ciampi A., and Dyachenko A. An exploratory study of diagnostic criteria for delirium in older medical inpatients. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19 (2007) 151-156
    • (2007) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 151-156
    • Cole, M.G.1    McCusker, J.2    Ciampi, A.3    Dyachenko, A.4
  • 90
    • 33750475583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenomenology of delirium in cancer patients, as described by the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) and the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS)
    • Bosisio M., Caraceni A., and Grassi L. Phenomenology of delirium in cancer patients, as described by the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) and the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS). Psychosomatics 47 (2006) 471-478
    • (2006) Psychosomatics , vol.47 , pp. 471-478
    • Bosisio, M.1    Caraceni, A.2    Grassi, L.3
  • 94
    • 0028951567 scopus 로고
    • Further analyses of the Delirium Rating Scale
    • Trzepacz P.T., and Dew M.A. Further analyses of the Delirium Rating Scale. Gen Hosp Psych 17 (1995) 75-79
    • (1995) Gen Hosp Psych , vol.17 , pp. 75-79
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1    Dew, M.A.2
  • 95
    • 0034099477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis supports evidence of existing hyperactive and hypoactive subtypes of delirium
    • Camus V., Burtin B., Simeone I., et al. Factor analysis supports evidence of existing hyperactive and hypoactive subtypes of delirium. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 115 (2000) 313-316
    • (2000) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.115 , pp. 313-316
    • Camus, V.1    Burtin, B.2    Simeone, I.3
  • 96
    • 0034660652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility, factor analysis, and further validation of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale in patients with advanced cancer: assessing delirium in advanced cancer
    • Lawlor P.G., Nekolaichuk C., Gagnon B., Mancini I.L., Pereira J.L., and Bruera E.D. Clinical utility, factor analysis, and further validation of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale in patients with advanced cancer: assessing delirium in advanced cancer. Cancer 88 (2000) 2859-2867
    • (2000) Cancer , vol.88 , pp. 2859-2867
    • Lawlor, P.G.1    Nekolaichuk, C.2    Gagnon, B.3    Mancini, I.L.4    Pereira, J.L.5    Bruera, E.D.6
  • 98
    • 0036617896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric testing of the NEECHAM Confusion Scale among patients with hip fracture
    • Johansson I.S., Hamrin E.K., and Larsson G. Psychometric testing of the NEECHAM Confusion Scale among patients with hip fracture. Res Nurs Health 25 (2002) 203-211
    • (2002) Res Nurs Health , vol.25 , pp. 203-211
    • Johansson, I.S.1    Hamrin, E.K.2    Larsson, G.3
  • 99
    • 2442489731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do delirium and dementia increase length of stay of elderly general medical inpatients
    • Saravay S.M., Kaplowitz M., Kurek J., et al. How do delirium and dementia increase length of stay of elderly general medical inpatients. Psychosomatics 45 (2004) 235-242
    • (2004) Psychosomatics , vol.45 , pp. 235-242
    • Saravay, S.M.1    Kaplowitz, M.2    Kurek, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.