Vapour phase polymerisation of conducting and non-conducting polymers: A review

Talanta

Volumn 119, Issue , 2014, Pages 133-143

  Lawal, Abdulazeez T ^a   Wallace, Gordon G ^b  

^a AL HIKMAH UNIVERSITY   (Nigeria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

Author keywords

Conducting polymers; Non conducting polymers; Polyaniline; Polypyrrole; Polythiophene; Vapour phase

Indexed keywords

CONDUCTING POLYMERS; OXIDANTS; POLYANILINE; POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; POLYPYRROLES;

COATED SUBSTRATES; MODIFIED ELECTRODE SURFACES; POLY-3 ,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE; POLYANILINES (PANI); TABLE OF CONTENTS; VAPOUR PHASE POLYMERISATION; VAPOUR-PHASE; WELL-ESTABLISHED TECHNIQUES;

NICKEL COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84888154290     PISSN: 00399140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.023     Document Type: Review

References (180)

1. C.H. Chen, J.C.L.R.D. Nelson, and L.K.M.J. Madou Electrical conductivity of polymer blends of poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate): N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and polyvinylalcohol J. Appl. Polym. 125 2012 3141 3147
2. A. Olad, F. Ilghami, and R. Nosrati Surfactant-assisted Synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers without shaking and stirring: effect of conditions on morphology and conductivity Chem. Pap. 66 2012 757 764
3. S. Geetha, C.R.K. Rao, M. Vijayan, and D.C. Trivedi Biosensing and drug delivery by polypyrrole Anal. Chim. Acta 568 2006 119 125 (Pubitemid 43729732)
4. V.C. Ferreira, A.I. Melato, A.F. Silva, and L.M. Abrantes Conducting polymers with attached platinum nanoparticules towards the development of DNA biosensors Electrochem. Commun. 13 9 2011 993 996
5. J. Jang Conducting polymer nanomaterials and their applications Adv. Polym. Sci. 199 2006 189 260
6. N. Su, H.B. Li, S.J. Yuan, S.P. Yi, E.Q. Yin, Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole doped with anionic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes, Express Polym. Lett, vol. no. 6, 2012, pp. 697-705.
7. J. Simitzis, S. Soulis, and D. Triantou Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymers of biphenyl with pyrrole J. Appl. Polym.Sci. 125 2012 1928 1941
8. V. Tabard-Cossa, M. Godin, P. Grutter, I. Burgess, and R.B.L. Redox-induced surface stress of polypyrrole-based actuators J. Phys. Chem. B 109 2005 17531 17537 (Pubitemid 41396202)
9. S. Nambiar, and J.T.W. Yeow Conducting polymer-based sensors for biomedical applications Biosens. Bioelectron. 26 2011 1825 1832
10. L. Xia, Z. Wei, and M. Wan Conducting polymer nanostructures and their application in Biosensors J. Colloid Interface Sci. 341 2010 1 11
11. A.G. Rivas, D.M. Rubianes, M.C. Rodingues., N.F. Ferreyra, G.L. Luque, and M.L. Pedano Carbon nanotubes for electrochemical biosensing Talanta 74 2007 291 307 (Pubitemid 350193331)
12. B. Unnikrishnan, S. Palanisamy, and S.-M. Chen A simple electrochemical approach to fabricate a glucose biosensor based on graphene-glucose oxidase biocomposite Biosens. Bioelectron. 39 2013 70 75
13. A. Pamanavcius, A. Kausaite, and A. Ramanavicene Polypyrrole-coated glucose oxidase nanoparticles for biosensor design Sensor Actuator B 111 2005 537
14. I.E. Tothill Biosensors and nanomaterials and their application for mycotoxin determination World Mycotoxin J. 4 2011 361 374
15. D. Cai, L. Ren, H.Z. Zhao, C.J. Xu, L. Zhang, Y. Yu, H.Z. Wang, Y.C. Lan, M.F. Roberts, J.H. Chuang, M.J. Naughton, Z.F. Ren, and T.C. Chiles A molecular-imprint nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of proteins Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 2010 597 601
16. N.F. Atta, M.F. El-Kady, and A. Galal Palladium nanoclusters-coated polyfuran as a novel sensor catecholamine neurotransmitters and paracetomol Sensor Actuators B - Chem. 141 2009 566 574
17. H. Karadeniz, F. Kurulay, S. Abaci, and A. Erdem The recent electroIchemical biosensor technologies for monitoring of nucleic acid hybridization Curr. Anal. Chem. 7 2011 63 70
18. L.J.Z.H. Peng, C. Soeller, and J. Travas-Sejdic Conducting polymers for electrochemical DNA sensing Biomateralia 30 11 2009 2132 2148 (30 (2009) 2132-2148)
19. M. Ates, and A.S. Sarac Conducting polymer coated carbon surfaces and biosensor applications Prog. Org. Coat 66 2009 337 358
20. G. Serra, R. Stella, and D.De Rossi Study of the influence of oxidising salt on conducting polymer sensor properties Mater. Sci. Eng. C 5 1998 259 263 (Pubitemid 128395443)
21. S.S.J. Aravind, T.T. Baby, T. Arockiadoss, R.B. Rakhi, and S. Ramaprabhu A cholesterol biosensor based on gold nanoparticles decorated functionalized graphene nanoplatelets Thin Solid Films 519 2011 5667 5672
22. E. Stussi, R. Stella, and D. De Rossi Chemoresistive conducting polymer-based odour sensors: influenceof thickness changes on their sensing properties Sensors Actuators B 43 1997 180 185 (Pubitemid 127406149)
23. B. Winther-Jensen, and K. West Vapor-Phase Polymerization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene: a Route to Highly Conducting Polymer Surface Layer Macromolecules 37 2004 4538
24. J.S. Shin, M.K. Song, S.Y. Oh, H.W. Rhee, J. Kim, and K. Char Effect of alkyl chain length of dopant on properties of polyanilin Polymer (Korea) 20 1996 932 938
25. A. Mohammadi, I. Lundström, W.R. Salaneck, and O. Inganäs Polypyrrole prepared by chemical vapour deposition using hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid Synth. Met. 21 1986 169 173 (Pubitemid 18522524)
26. P. Subramanian, N.B. Clark, L. Spiccia, D.R. MacFarlane, B. Winther-Jensen, and C. Forsyth Vapour phase polymerisation of pyrrole induced by iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate salt oxidising agents Synth. Met. 158 2008 704 711
27. L. Dall'Acqua, C. Tonin, A. Varesano, M. Canetti, W. Porzio, and M. Catellani Vapour phase polymerisation of pyrrole on cellulose-based textile substrate Synth. Met. 156 2006 379 386
28. D.O. Kim, P.-C. Lee, S.J. Kang, K. Jang, J.H. Lee, M.H. Cho, and J.-D. Nam In-situ blends of polypyrrole/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene) using vapor phase polymerization technique Thin Solid Films 517 2009 4156 4160
29. N.O Savage Gas sensing composites of metal oxides with vapor-deposited polypyrrole Sensors Actuator B - Chem 143 2009 6 11
30. B. Winther-Jensen, and F.C. Krebs High-conductivity large-area semi-transparent electrodes for polymer photovoltaics by silk screen printing and vapour-phase deposition Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90 2006 123 132 (Pubitemid 41653204)
31. A.T. Lawal, and G.G. Wallace Gas phase electroformation of polypyrrole J. Appl. Sci. 8 2008 2967 2974
32. A.T. Lawal, and G.G. Wallace Synthesis of polypyrrole-Nafion composite films by gas phase electroformation Synth. Met. 161 2011 1682 1685
33. Y.P. Fu, R.A. Weiss, P.P. Gan, and M.D. Bessette Conductive elastomeric foams prepared by in situ vapor phase polymerization of pyrrole and copolymerization of pyrrole and N-methylpyrrole Polym. Eng. Sci. 38 1998 857 862 (Pubitemid 128593136)
34. T. Ueno, H.D. Arntz, S. Flesch, and J. Bargon Transparent electrically conductive composities derived from polypyrrole and polyviny chloride by vapour-phase polymerisation-effect of enviroment on polymerisation and reaction mechanism J. Macromole. Sci.Chem. A25 1988 1557 1573
35. K. Uezu, K. Saito, T. Sugo, and S. Aramaki Reactor of vapor-phase graft polymerization of reactive monomer onto porous hollow fiber Aiche J. 42 1996 1095 1100 (Pubitemid 126468146)
36. T.Y. Kim, C.M. Park, J.E. Kim, and K.S. Suh Electronic, chemical and structural change induced by organic solvents in tosylate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-OTs) Synth. Met. 149 2005 169 174 (Pubitemid 40339993)
37. M.A. Ali, H.H. Kim, K.H. Jeong, H.S. Soh, H.S. Nam, J.G. Lee, and E.G. Lee Application of tosylate-doped poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films into bottom contact pentacene organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) Thin Solid Films 518 2010 6315 6319
38. B. Winther-Jensen, J. Chen, K. West, and G. Wallace Vapor phase polymerization of pyrrole and thiophene using iron(III) sulfonates as oxidizing agents Macromole 37 2004 5930 5935
39. J. Cho, K.-H. Shin, and J. Jang Micropatterning of conducting polymer tracks on plasma treated flexible substrate using vapor phase polymerization-mediated inkjet printing Synth. Met. 160 2010 1119 1125
40. M.S. Cho, S.Y. Kim, J.D. Nam, and Y. Lee Preparation of PEDOT/Cu composite film by in situ redox reaction between EDOT and copper(II) chloride Synth. Met. 158 2008 865 869
41. P. Subramanian, N. Clark, B. Winther-Jensen, D. MacFarlane, and L. Spiccia Vapour-phase polymerization of pyrrole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene using iron(III) 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate Aust. J. Chem. 62 2009 133 139
42. G.G. Wallace, J.N. Barisci, A.C Partridge, P.D. Harris, M.K. Andrew, and K. Kenneth Electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymer - polypyrrole Sensors Actuator 84 2002 252
43. S.B. Adeloju, and A. Lawal Polypyrrole-based bilayer biosensor for potentiometric determination of phosphate in natural waters Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 85 2005 771 780 (Pubitemid 43879366)
44. S.B. Adeloju, and A.N. Moline Fabrication of ultra-thin polypyrrole-glucose oxidase film from supporting electrolyte-free monomer solution for potentiometric biosensing of glucose Biosens. Bioelectron. 16 2001 133 139 (Pubitemid 32406272)
45. A. Pamanavcius, and A.R.A. Malinauska Electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymer - polypyrrole Electro. Chim. acta 51 2006 6025
46. M. Omastová, M. Trchová, J. Kovářová, and J. Stejskal Synthesis and structural study of polypyrroles prepared in the presence of surfactants Synth Met. 138 2003 447 455
47. S.B. Adeloju, and A.T. Lawal Fabrication of a bilayer potentiometric phosphate biosensor by cross-link immobilization with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde Anal. Chim. Acta 691 2011 89 94
48. A.T. Lawal, and S.B Adeloju Comparison of immobilisation methods for potentiometric phsphate biosensor Biosens. Bioelectron. 24 2009 406 410
49. A.T. Lawal, and S.B. Adeloju Polypyrrole-based potentiometric phosphate biosensor J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzymatic 63 2010 45 49
50. A.T. Lawal, and S.B. Adeloju Comparison of polypyrrole-based xanthine oxidase amperometric and potentiometric biosensors for hypoxanthine J. Mole. Catalysis B: Enzymatic 66 2010 270 275
51. A.K. Kueng, and C.M. Boris Amperometric ATP biosensor based on polymer entrapped enzymes Biosens. Bioelectron. 19 2004 1301 1307
52. J. Jang A facile synthesis of polypyrrole nanotubes using a template-mediated vapor deposition polymerization and the conversion to carbon nanotubes Chem. Commun. 10 2004 882 883 (Pubitemid 38530283)
53. M.N. Akieh, R.-M. Latonen, S. Lindholm, S.F. Ralph, J. Bobacka, and A. Ivaska Electrochemically controlled ion transport across polypyrrole/multi- walled carbon nanotube composite membranes Synth. Met. 161 2011 1906 1914
54. J. Wang, and M. Musameh Carbon-nanotubes doped polypyrrole glucose biosensor Anal. Acta 209 2005 16
55. M.A. Ali, H. Kim, C. Lee, H. Nam, and J. Lee Effects of iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate hexahydrate oxidant on the growth of conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanofilms by vapor phase polymerization Synth. Met. 161 2011 1347 1352
56. B. Winther-Jensen, and K. West Vapor-phase polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: a route to highly conducting polymer surface layers Macromole 37 2004 4538 4543
57. T.L. Truong, Y. Lee, H.R. Choi, J.C. Koo, H.N. Nguyen, N.D. Luong, and J.D. Nam In-situ blend of Polypyrrole and PEDOT using vapour phase plymerisation Macromol. Res. 15 2007 429
58. Y. Fu, G Heywang, and F Jonas Poly(alkylenedioxythiophene)s - new, very stable conducting polymers Adv. Mater. 4 1992 116 118
59. S.B. Adeloju, and G.G. Wallace Studies into the preparation & analytical application of polypyrrole coated microelectrodes for determination of aluminium Analyst 121 1996 699 703
60. S.B. Adeloju, S.S. J., and W.G. G. Polypyrrole-based potentiometric biosensor for urea. II: Analytical optimisation Anal. Chim. Acta 281 1993 621 627 (Pubitemid 23276131)
61. A.J. Zhang, J. Chen, D.F. Niu, G.G. Wallace, and J.X. Lu Electrochemical Polymerization of pyrrole in BMIMPF (6) ionic liquid and its electrochemical response to dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid Synth. Met. 159 2009 1542 1545
62. S. Tokonami, K. Saimatsu, N. Nakadoi, M. Furuta, H. Shiigi, and T. Nagaoka Vertical immobilization of viable bacilliform bacteria into polypyrrole films Anal. Sci. 28 2012 319 321
63. Y. Berdichevsky, and Y.H. Lo Polypyrrole nanowire actuators Adv. Mater. 18 2006 122 125 (Pubitemid 43076276)
64. H.K. Song, and G.T.R. Palmore Redox-active polypyrrole: toward polymer-based batteries Adv. Mater. 18 2006 1764
65. H. Li, Q. Zhou, P. Audebert, F. Miomondre, C. Allain, F. Yang, and J. Tang New conducting polymers functionalized with redox-active tetrazines J. Electroanal. Chem. 668 2012 26 29
66. R.S.T.D.V. Bax, A. Kondyurin, M.J. Higgins, K. Tsoutas, A. Gelmi, G.G. Wallace, D.R.A.S.W. McKenzie, and M.M.M. Bilek Cell patterning via linker-free protein functionalization of an organic conducting polymer (polypyrrole) electrode Acta. Biomater. 8 2012 2538 2548
67. P.J. Molino, M.J. Higgins, P.C. Innis, R.M.I. Kapsa, and G.G. Wallace Fibronectin and bovine serum albumin adsorption and conformational dynamics on inherently conducting polymers: A QCM-D Study Langmuir 28 2012 8433 8445
68. A. Ramanaviciene, A. Finkelsteinas, and A. Ramanavicius Basic electrochemistry meets nanotechnology: electrochemical preparation of artificial receptors based on nanostructured conducting polymer, polypyrrole J. Chem. Edu. 83 2006 1212 1214 (Pubitemid 44202923)
69. R. Pertne, R. Ponnapat, and M.J. Felpi a. R Biosens. Bioelectron. 26 2011 2766 2771
70. A.T. Lawal, and S.B. Adeloju Progress and recent advances in phosphate sensors: a review Biosens. Bioelectron. 40 2013 377 384
71. H.B. Yildiz, S. Kiralp, L. Toppare, and Y. Yagci Immobilization of invertase in conducting polypyrrole/PMMA-co-PMTM graft copolymers J. Appl. Polm. Sci. 96 2005 234 241
72. K. Arora, N. Prabhakar, S. Chand, and B.D. Malhotra Immobilization of single stranded DNA probe onto polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulfonate for application to DNA hybridization Sensors Actuator B - Chemical 126 2007 655 663 (Pubitemid 47405196)
73. R.J. Waltman, and A.F.D.J. Bargon Electroactive properties of polyaromatic molecules J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 1984 1452 1456
74. P.A. Christensen, and A. Hamnett Electrochim. In-situ deposited thin films of polypyrrole: conformational changes induced by variation of dopant and substrate surface Anal. Acta 36 1990 1253
75. G. Han, and G. Shi High-response tri-layer electrochemical actuators based on conducting polymer films J. Electroanal. Chem. 569 2004 169 174
76. P. Novak Limitations of polypyrrole synthesis in water and their causes Electrochim. Acta 37 1991 1227
77. C.S. Choi, and H. Tachikawa Electrochemical behavior and characterization of polypyrrole-copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate thin film: cyclic voltammetry and in situ Raman spectroscopic investigation J. Am. Chem. Soc 112 1990 1557
78. T.F. Otero, J Rodriguez, and E Larreta-azelain Electrogeneration of polythiophene films: temperature influence and electrical properties Polymer 31 1990 220
79. P.K. Sachin, and S. Radhakrishnan Application of dip coating for depositing conducting pyrrole films Thin Solid Films 303 1997 167
80. T. Ojio, and S. Mayata Highly transparent and conducting polypyrrole-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films prepared by gas state polymerization Polym. J. 18 1986 95
81. F.F. He, M. Omoto, T. Yamamoto, and H. Kise Effects of polymerisation temperature and oxidants on the synthesis of polypyrrole/polyurethane conductive composite foams by vapour phase polymerisation Kobunshi Ronbunshu 50 1993 653 658
82. F. He, M. Omoto, T. Yamamoto, and H. Kise Preparation of polypyrrole-polyurethane composite foam by vapour phase oxidative polymerization J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 55 1995 283 287
83. F.F. He, M. Omoto, T. Yamamoto, and H. Kise Synthesis of polypyrrole polyviny alcoholconductive composite foamby vapor-phase polymerisation Kobunshi Ronbunshu 50 1993 665 669
84. G Han, and G Shi Porous polypyrrole/polymethylmethacrylate composite film prepared by vapor deposition polymerization of pyrrole and its application for ammonia detection Thin Solid Films 515 2007 6986 6991 (Pubitemid 46670169)
85. X. Qian, J. Chen, and X. An Polypyrrole-coated conductive paper prepared by vapour-phase deposition method Appita J. 63 2010 102 107
86. S. Shang, X. Yang, X.M. Tao, and S.S. Lam Vapor-phase polymerization of pyrrole on flexible substrate at low temperature and its application in heat generation Polym. Int. 59 2010 204 211
87. Y.S. Chen, Y. Li, H.C. Wang, and M.J. Yang Gas sensitivity of a composite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole prepared by vapor phase polymerization Carbon 45 2007 357 363 (Pubitemid 44879387)
88. H.X. Wang, Y.H. Xue, and T. Lin One-step vapour-phase formation of patternable, electrically conductive, superamphiphobic coatings on fibrous materials Soft Matter 7 2011 8158 8161
89. C. Perruchot, M. Delammar, E. Cabet-Deliry, B. Miksa, S. Slomkowski, M. Khan, and S. Armes Chemical deposition and characterization of thin polypyrrole films on glass plates: role of organosilane treatment Coll. Polym. Sci. 278 2000 11391154
90. J.W. Cho, and H. Jung Electrically conducting high-strength aramid composite fibres prepared by vapour-phase polymerization of pyrrole J. Mater. Sci. 32 1997 5371 5376 (Pubitemid 127504095)
91. K.F. Babu, R. Senthilkumar, M. Noel, and M.A. Kulandainathan Polypyrrole microstructure deposited by chemical and electrochemical methods on cotton fabrics Synth. Met. 159 2009 1353 1358
92. T. Bashir, M. Skrifvars, and N.K. Persson Production of highly conductive textile viscose yarns by chemical vapor deposition technique: a route to continuous process Polym. Adv. Technol. 22 2011 2214 2221
93. S.S. Najar, A. Kaynak, and R.C. Foitzik Conductive wool yarns by continuous vapour phase polymerization of pyrrole Synth. Met. 157 2007 1 4 (Pubitemid 46215967)
94. S.N. Tan, and H. Ge Investigation into vapour-phase formation of polypyrrole Polymer 37 1996 965
95. C.C. Xu, P. Wang, and X.T. Bi Continious vapor-phase polymerisation of pyrrole.1. electrically conductive composite fiber of polypyrrole with poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) J. App. Polym. Sci. 58 1995 2155
96. S.N. Saeed, A. Kaymak, and C.K. Richard Conducting nylon, cotton and wool yarns by continuous vapor polymerization of pyrrole Synth. Met. 167 2007 1 5
97. C.C. Xu, P. Wang, and X.T. Bi Continuous vapor phase polymerization of pyrrole. I. Electrically conductive composite fiber of polypyrrole with poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 58 1995 2155 2159
98. J.H. Chen, X.R. Qian, C.C. Li, and G. Yu Study on the manufacture of polypyrrole conductive paper by gas-phase polymerization Chung-kuo Tsao China Pulp Pap. 27 2008 5 8 (Pubitemid 351720058)
99. J. Kim, D. Sohn, Y. Sung, and E.R. Kim Fabrication and characterization of conductive polypyrrole thin film prepared by in situ vapor-phase polymerization Synth. Met. 132 2003 309 313
100. G. Han, and G. Shi Porous polypyrrole/polymethylmethacrylate composite film prepared by vapor deposition polymerization of pyrrole and its application for ammonia detection Thin Solid Films 515 2007 6986 6991 (Pubitemid 46670169)
101. Y.H. Han, and J.H. Yim A study on the electrical and optical properties of micro-pattern of polypyrrole(PPy) by using vapor phase polymerization Polymer (Korea) 34 2010 450 453
102. Y.K. Lee, K.J. Lee, D.S. Kim, D.J. Lee, and J.Y. Kim Polypyrrole-carbon nanotube composite films synthesized through gas-phase polymerization Synth. Met. 160 2010 814 818
103. Y. Xu, J. Wang, W. Sun, and S. Wang Capacitance properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polypyrrole composites J. Power Sour. 159 2006 370 373 (Pubitemid 44301621)
104. J. Wang, Y. Xu, X. Chen, and X. Du Electrochemical supercapacitor electrode material based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polypyrrole composite J. Power Sour. 163 2007 1120 1125 (Pubitemid 44959605)
105. Y. Egami, K. Suzuki, T. Tanaka, T. Yasuhara, E. Higuchi, and H. Inoue Preparation and characterization of conductive fabrics coated uniformly with polypyrrole nanoparticles Synth. Met. 161 2011 219 224
106. A. Ray, G.E. Asturias, D.L. Kershner, A.F. Richter, A.G. MacDiarmid, and A.J. Epstein Polyaniline: doping, structure and derivatives Synth. Met. 29 1989 141 150
107. X. Qi, H. Gao, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, Y. Chen, and W. Sun Electrochemical DNA biosensor with chitosan-Co3O4 nanorod-graphene composite for the sensitive detection of staphylococcus aureus nuc gene sequence Bioelectrochemistry 88 2012 42 47
108. S. Ge, M. Yan, J. Lu, M. Zhang, F. Yu, J. Yu, X. Song, and S. Yu Electrochemical biosensor based on graphene oxide-Au nanoclusters composites for l-cysteine analysis Biosens. Bioelectron. 31 2012 49 54
109. W. Sun, Y. Zhang, X. Ju, G. Li, H. Gao, and Z. Sun Electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid biosensor based on carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide and poly-l-lysine modified electrode for the detection of tlh gene sequence related to vibrio parahaemolyticus Anal. Chim. Acta 752 2012 39 44
110. W. Song, D.-W. Li, Y.-T. Li, Y. Li, and Y.-T. Long Disposable biosensor based on graphene oxide conjugated with tyrosinase assembled gold nanoparticles Biosens. Bioelectron. 26 2011 3181 3186
111. S. Bhadra, and J.H. Lee Synthesis of higher soluble nanostructured polyaniline by vapor-phase polymerization and determination of its crystal structure J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 114 2009 331 340
112. J. Chen, B. Winther-Jensen, Y. Pornputtkul, K. West, L. Kane-Maquire, and G.G. Wallace Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 9 2006 C9 C11
113. Y. Gao, Z.H. Kang, X. Li, X.J. Cui, and J. Gong Vapour phase synthesis of crystalline polyaniline with dendritic morphology CrystEngCommunity 13 2011 3370 3372
114. J.Y. Kim, J.H. Lee, and S.J. Kwon The manufacture and properties of polyaniline nano-films prepared through vapor-phase polymerization Synth. Met. 157 2007 336 342
115. I.D. Norris, M.M. Shaker, F.K. Ko, and M.A. G Electrostatic fabrication of ultrafine conducting fibers: polyaniline/polyethylene oxide blends Synth. Met. 114 2000 109
116. D. Bhattacharyya, K. Senecal, P. Marek, A. Senecal, and K.K. Gleason High surface area flexible chemiresistive biosensor by oxidative chemical vapor deposition Adv. Func. Mater. 21 2011 4328 4337
117. D. Bhattacharyya, and K.K. Gleason Single-step oxidative chemical vapor deposition of COOH functional conducting copolymer and immobilization of biomolecule for sensor application Chem. Mater. 23 2011 2600 2605
118. H. Wei, L. Scudiero, and H. Eilers Infrared and photoelectron spectroscopy study of vapor phase deposited poly (3-hexylthiophene) Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 2009 8593 8597
119. J.S. Choi, K.Y. Cho, and J.-H. Yim Micro single-step oxidative chemical vapour deposition of COOH functional conducting copolymer and immobilization of biomolecule for sensor application Euro. Polym. J. 46 2010 389 396
120. J.S. Choi, K.Y. Cho, and J.H. Yim Micro-patterning of vapour-phase polymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using ink-jet printing/soft lithography Euro. Polym. J. 46 2010 389 396
121. J. Kim, J. You, and E. Kim Flexible conductive polymer patterns from vapour polymerizable and photo-cross-linkable EDOT Macromole 43 2010 2322 2327
122. M.A. Ali, H. Kim, K. Jeong, H. Soh, and J. Lee Effects of solvents on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films deposited on a (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APS) monolayer by vapor phase polymerization Electron. Mater. Lett. 6 2010 17 22
123. H. Chelawat, S. Vaddiraju, and K. Gleason Conformal, conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene thin films deposited using bromine as the oxidant in a completely dry oxidative chemical vapor deposition process Chemistry of Materials 22 9 2010 2864 2868
124. M. Fabretto, J.-P. Autere, D. Hoglinger, S. Field, and P. Murphy Vacuum vapour phase polymerised poly(3,4-ethyelendioxythiophene) thin films for use in large-scale electrochromic devices Thin Solid Films 519 2011 2544 2549
125. M. Fabretto, C. Jariego-Moncunill, J.-P. Autere, A. Michelmore, R.D. Short, and P. Murphy High conductivity PEDOT resulting from glycol/oxidant complex and glycol/polymer intercalation during vacuum vapour phase polymerisation Polymer 52 2011 1725 1730
126. M. Fabretto, M. Müller, C. Hall, P. Murphy, R.D. Short, and H.J. Griesser In-situ QCM-D analysis reveals four distinct stages during vapour phase polymerisation of PEDOT thin film Polymer 51 2010 1737 1743
127. M. Fabretto, M. Müller, K. Zuber, and P. Murphy Influence of PEG-ran-PPG surfactant on vapour phase polymerised PEDOT thin films Macromole. Rapid Commun. 30 2009 1846 1851
128. M. Fabretto, K. Zuber, C. Hall, and P. Murphy High conductivity PEDOT using humidity facilitated vacuum vapour phase polymerisation Macromole. Rapid Commun. 29 2008 1403 1409
129. M. Fabretto, K. Zuber, C. Hall, P. Murphy, and H.J. Griesser The role of water in the synthesis and performance of vapour phase polymerised PEDOT electrochromic devices J. Mater. Chem. 19 2009 7871 7878
130. Y.H. Han, J. Travas-Sejdic, B. Wright, and J.H. Yim Simultaneous vapor-phase polymerization of PEDOT and a siloxane into organic/inorganic hybrid thin films Macromole. Chem. Phys. 212 2011 521 530
131. S.G. Im, and K.K. Gleason Systematic control of the electrical conductivity of poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) via oxidative chemical vapor deposition Macromolecules 40 2007 6552 6556 (Pubitemid 47474010)
132. S.G. Im, and K.K. Gleason Simultaneous vapor-phase polymerization of PEDOT and a siloxane into organic/inorganic hybrid thin films Aiche J. 57 2011 276 285
133. S.G. Im, E.A. Olivetti, and K.K. Gleason Systematic control of the electrical conductivity of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) Surf. Coat. Technol. 201 2007 9406 9412 (Pubitemid 47209406)
134. K.S. Jang, Y.S. Eom, T.W. Lee, D.O. Kim, Y.S. Oh, H.C. Jung, and J.D. Nam Fabrication of poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films by vapor-phase polymerization for optoelectronic device applications ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1 2009 1567 1571
135. K.S. Jang, D.O. Kim, J.H. Lee, S.C. Hong, T.W. Lee, Y. Lee, and J.D. Nam Synchronous vapor-phase polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymer systems for tunable optoelectronic properties Org. Electron. 11 2010 1668 1675
136. W.E. Jones Jr, C.M. Madl, P.N. Kariuki, J. Gendron, and L.F.J. Piper Vapor phase polymerization of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) on flexible substrates for enhanced transparent electrodes Synth. Meta. 161 2011 1159 1165
137. R.W. Joyner, G.J. Hutchings, R.A. Stewart, and B.W.L. Southward The effect of pre-sulfiding of catalysts for the vapour phase catalytic synthesis of thiophenes Catal. Lett. 68 2000 75 77
138. B. Winther-Jensen, O. Winther-Jensen, M. Forsyth, and D.R. MacFarlane High rates of oxygen reduction over a vapor phase-polymerized PEDOT electrode Science 321 2008 671 674
139. K. Zuber, M. Fabretto, C. Hall, and P. Murphy Improved PEDOT conductivity via suppression of crystallite formation in Fe(III) tosylate during vapor phase polymerization Macromole. Rapid Commun. 29 2008 1503 1508
140. C.F. Cullis, and S. Kurmanadhan Studies of the vapour-phase polymerisation and oxidation of styrene Combust. Flame 31 1978 1 5 (Pubitemid 8575536)
141. Y. Andou, J.M. Jeong, H. Nishida, and T. Endo Simple procedure for polystyrene-based nanocomposite preparation by vapor-phase-assisted surface polymerization Macromole 42 2009 7930 7935
142. Y. Andou, J.M. Jeong, S. Hiki, H. Nishida, and T. Endo Design of nanocomposites by vapor-phase assisted surface polymerization Macromolecule 42 2009 768 772
143. E.H. Alsharaeh, and M.S. El-Shall Ion mobility study of the mechanism of the gas phase thermal polymerization of styrene and the structures of the early oligomers Polymer 52 2011 5551 5559
144. Y. Andou, H. Nishida, and T. Endo Designed surface construction by photo-induced vapor-phase assisted surface polymerization of vinyl monomers using immobilized free radical initiators Chem. Commun. 2006 5018 5020 (Pubitemid 44866520)
145. Y. Andou, M. Yasutake, H. Nishida, and T. Endo Designed surface modification by photo-induced vapor phase assisted surface polymerization of vinyl monomers J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol. 20 2007 523 528
146. D. Beigzadeh, and C.A. Nielsen Study of ethylene polymerization under single liquid phase and vapor-liquid phase conditions in a continuous-flow tubular reactor Chem. Eng. Technol. 30 2007 1088 1093 (Pubitemid 47261419)
147. M.A. Bruk, E.N. Zhikharev, I.A. Volegova, A.V. Spirin, E.N. Teleshov, and V.A. Kal'nov Properties of thin poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films deposited on solid substrates by electron beam polymerization from vapor phase Polym. Sci. Ser. B 50 2008 204 208
148. 2 catalyst Polymer 43 2002 1307 1311 (Pubitemid 33140078)
149. I.L. Dubnikova, I.N. Meshkova, and F.S. D'Yachkovskii Effect of oxygen on the activity of a supported vanadium catalyst during gas phase polymerization of ethylene Polym. Sci. USSR 24 1982 2392 2400 (Pubitemid 14490545)
150. A.B. Gorbach, S.D. Naik, and W.H. Ray Dynamics and stability analysis of solid catalyzed gas-phase polymerization of olefins in continuous stirred bed reactors Chem. Eng. Sci. 55 2000 4461 4479
151. H. Berndt, and H. Landmesser In situ-DRIFTS investigations of the gas phase polymerisation of 1,3-butadiene on supported Nd and La allyl complexes J. Mole. Catal. A: Chem. 197 2003 245 253
152. C. Eberstein, B. Garmatter, K.H. Reichert, and G. Sylvester Gas phase polymerisation of butadiene Chem. Ing. Tech. 68 1996 820 823
153. K. Zoellner, and K.H. Reichert Gas phase polymerization of butadiene-kinetics, particle size distribution, modeling Chem. Eng. Sci. 56 2001 4099 4106 (Pubitemid 32710775)
154. K. Zöllner, and K.-H. Reichert Experimentelle Untersuchungender Gasphasenpolymerisation von Butadien im Laborreaktor Chem. Ing. Tech. 72 2000 396 399
155. S. De Wolf, R.L.E. Cuypers, L.C. Zullo, B.J. Vos, and B.J. Bax Model predictive control of a slurry polymerisation reactor Comput. Chem. Eng. 20 1996 S955 S961
156. M. Grunze, and R.N. Lamb Adhesion of vapour phase deposited ultra-thin polyimide films on polycrystalline silver Surf. Sci. 204 1988 183 212
157. 4 and metallocene catalysts S. Kazuo, T. Minoru, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 1994 Elsevier 373 380
158. T.S. Hwang, and J.W. Park UV-induced graft polymerization of polypropylene-g-glycidyl methacrylate membrane in the vapor phase Macromole. Res. 11 2003 495 500
159. A.S. Ibrehem, M.A. Hussain, and N.M. Ghasem Modified mathematical model for gas phase olefin polymerization in fluidized-bed catalytic reactor Chem. Eng. J. 149 2009 353 362
160. A.S. Ibrehem, M.A. Hussain, and N.M. Ghasem Mathematical model and advanced control for gas-phase olefin polymerization in fluidized-bed catalytic reactors Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 16 2008 84 89 (Pubitemid 351335396)
161. K.Y. Choi, and W.H. Ray The dynamic behavior of continuous stirred-bed reactors for the solid catalyzed gas phase polymerization of propylene Chem. Eng. Sci. 43 1988 2587 2604
162. K.Y. Choi, and W.H Ray Polymerisation of Olefin through heterogenious catalysis 11 kinetics of gas phase propylene polymerisation with ziegler natta catalyst J. Appl. Polm. Sci. 30 1985 1065 1081 (Pubitemid 15462976)
163. D. Algaier, D. Baskaran, and M. Dadmun The influence of temperature on the polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate from the vapor phase React. Funct. Polym. 71 2011 809 819
164. I.Y. Babkin, Y.M. Gordeev, and K.N. Kitaev The gas-phase graft polymerisation of acrylonitrile on ultrafine chlorinated polyvinyl chloride fibre Fibre Chem. 2 1971 219 222
165. P.M. Bayley, B. Winther-Jensen, D.R. MacFarlane, N.M. Rocher, and M. Forsyth Enhanced properties in chemically polymerized poly(terthiophene) using vapour phase techniques React. Funct. Polym. 68 2008 1119 1126
166. M. Jandke, K. Kreger, and P. Strohriegl Poly(phenylquinoxalines) by vapour deposition polymerization Synth. Met. 111-112 2000 221 223
167. X. Chen, and M. Anthamatten Multicomponent vapor deposition polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) in an axisymmetric vacuum reactor Polymer 49 2008 1823 1830
168. Y.S. Chen, Y.L.H.-c. Wang, and M.J. Yang Gas sensitivity of a composite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole prepared by vapor phase polymerization Carbon 45 2007 357 363
169. J.P. Lock, S.G. Im, and K.K. Gleason Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of electrically conduct poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films Macromolecules 39 16 2006 5326 5329 (Pubitemid 44325109)
170. E.N. Makarevich, A.D. Yakovlev, and V.S. Shibalovich The sorption and polymerization of methyl acrylate from the vapour phase on polymeric films Polym. Sci. USSR. 18 1976 702 706
171. H. Yanagisita, D. Kitamoto, K. Haraya, T. Nakane, T. Tsuchiya, and N. Koura Preparation and pervaporation performance of polyimide composite membrane by vapor deposition and polymerization (VDP) J. Membr. Sci. 136 1997 121 126 (Pubitemid 27514215)
172. B. Winther-Jensen, T. Knecht, C. Ong, J. Vongsvivut, and N. Clark Inhomogeneity effects in vapor phase polymerized PEDOT: A tool to influence conductivity Macromole. Mater. Eng. 296 2011 185 189
173. G.J. Cruz, J. Morales, and R. Olayo Films obtained by plasma polymerization of pyrrole Thin Solid Films 342 1999 119 126
174. F. Xu, M. Deng, G. Li, S. Chen, and L. Wang Electrochemical behavior of cuprous oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and their application in nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensing Electrochim. Acta 88 2013 59 65
175. Q. Lu, X. Dong, L.-J. Li, and X. Hu Direct electrochemistry-based hydrogen peroxide biosensor formed from single-layer graphene nanoplatelet-enzyme composite film Talanta 82 2010 1344 1348
176. A Ray, G.E. Asturis, D.L Kershiner, A.F Richer, and A.G. Macdiermid Polyaniline: doping,structure and derivatives Synth. Met. 29 1989 E141 E150
177. T.T Tung, M. Catro, J. Feller, T. Kim, and K. s. Suh Hybrid film of chemically modified graphene and vapour-phase polymerised PEDOT for electronic nose applications Org. Electron. 14 2013 2789 2794
178. E. Spain, T.E Keyes, and R.J Forster DNA sensor based on vapour polymerisation of PEDOT films functionalsed with gold nano paticles Biosens. Bioelectron. 41 2013 65 70
179. D Wu, J Zhang, W Dong, H Chen, X. Huag, B Sun, and L Chen Temperature dependent conductivity of vapour phase polymerised PEDOT films Synth. Met. 176 2013 86 91
180. C.M. Madl, P.N. Kariuki, J. Gendron, L.F.J. Piper, and W.E. Jones Jr Vapor phase polymerisation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) on flexible substrates for enhanced transparent electrodes Synth. Met. 161 2011 1159 1165