Differential induction of antioxidant stilbenoids in hairy roots of Vitis rotundifolia treated with methyl jasmonate and hydrogen peroxide

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Volumn 74, Issue , 2014, Pages 50-69

  Nopo Olazabal, Cesar ^a   Condori, Jose ^a   Nopo Olazabal, Luis ^a   Medina Bolivar, Fabricio ^a  

^a ARKANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Antioxidant; Elicitation; Hairy root; Muscadine grape; Stilbene synthase; Stilbenoid; Vitis rotundifolia

Indexed keywords

VITACEAE; VITIS; VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA;

1,1 DIPHENYL 2 PICRYLHYDRAZYL; 2 PHENYL 3 [PARA (BETA PYRROLIDINOETHOXY)PHENYL[2,1 B]NAPHTHOFURAN; 2,2' AZINO DI (3 ETHYLBENZOTHIAZOLINE) 6 SULFONIC ACID; 2,2' AZINOBIS(3 ETHYLBENZOTHIAZOLINE 6 SULFONIC ACID); 2,2'-AZINO-DI-(3-ETHYLBENZOTHIAZOLINE)-6-SULFONIC ACID; 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL; ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVE; ACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; ANTIOXIDANT; BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVE; BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE; CETRIMIDE; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; CYCLOPENTANE DERIVATIVE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; JASMONIC ACID; JASMONIC ACID METHYL ESTER; OXYLIPIN; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE; PICRIC ACID; PLANT RNA; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; RESVERATROL SYNTHASE; STILBENE DERIVATIVE; STILBENE SYNTHASE; SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TRIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM;

2,2′-AZINOBIS[3-ETHYLBENZTHIAZOLINE SULFONIC ACID]; 2,6 DIMETHYL-Β-CYCLODEXTRIN; ARTICLE; BDS; CHEMISTRY; CHS; CTAB; CULTURE MEDIUM; DIMEB; DRUG EFFECT; DRY WEIGHT; DUNSTAN AND SHORT MEDIUM; DW; ELICITATION; ETOAC; FRESH WEIGHT; FW; GENETICS; H(2)O(2); HAIRY ROOT; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; JA; MEJA; METABOLISM; MINIMUM INFORMATION FOR PUBLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR EXPERIMENTS; MIQE; MODIFIED MURASHIGE AND SKOOG MEDIUM; MSV; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MURASHIGE AND SKOOG MEDIUM; MUSCADINE GRAPE; NORMALIZATION FACTOR; PAIRWISE VARIATION; PAL; PLANT GENE; PLANT ROOT; QPCR; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RETENTION TIME; RNA QUALITY INDICATOR; ROS; RQI; RS; SD; SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE; STANDARD DEVIATION; STILBENOID; TAC; TEAC; TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; TROLOX EQUIVALENT ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; V; VITIS; VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA; Μ;

2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL; 2,2′-AZINOBIS[3-ETHYLBENZTHIAZOLINE SULFONIC ACID]; 2,6 DIMETHYL-Β-CYCLODEXTRIN; ABTS; ANTIOXIDANT; BDS; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; CHS; CTAB; DIMEB; DPPH; DRY WEIGHT; DUNSTAN AND SHORT MEDIUM; DW; ELICITATION; ETHYL ACETATE; ETOAC; FRESH WEIGHT; FW; H(2)O(2); HAIRY ROOT; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HPLC; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; JA; JASMONIC ACID; MEJA; METHYL JASMONATE; MINIMUM INFORMATION FOR PUBLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR EXPERIMENTS; MIQE; MODIFIED MURASHIGE AND SKOOG MEDIUM; MS; MSV; MURASHIGE AND SKOOG MEDIUM; MUSCADINE GRAPE; NF; NORMALIZATION FACTOR; PAIRWISE VARIATION; PAL; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; QPCR; QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; RESVERATROL SYNTHASE; RETENTION TIME; RNA QUALITY INDICATOR; ROS; RQI; RS; RT; SD; SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE; STANDARD DEVIATION; STILBENE SYNTHASE; STILBENOID; TAC; TEAC; TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; TROLOX EQUIVALENT ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; V; VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA; Μ;

ACETATES; ANTIOXIDANTS; BENZOTHIAZOLES; BIPHENYL COMPOUNDS; CULTURE MEDIA; CYCLOPENTANES; GENES, PLANT; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; OXYLIPINS; PICRATES; PLANT ROOTS; RNA, PLANT; STILBENES; SULFONIC ACIDS; VITIS;

EID: 84888070125     PISSN: 09819428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.035     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Abdoul-Iatif F.M., Bayili R.G., Obame L.C., Bassolé I.H.N., Dicko M.H. Comparison of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of traditional sorghum beers with other alcoholic beverages. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2012, 11:14671-14678.
2. Arnao M.B., Cano A., Acosta M. The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity. Food Chem. 2001, 73:239-244.
3. Asada K. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1999, 50:601-639.
4. Belchí-Navarro S., Almagro L., Sabater-Jara A.B., Fernández-Pérez F., Bru R., Pedreño M.A. Early signaling events in grapevine cells elicited with cyclodextrins and methyl jasmonate. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2013, 62:107-110.
5. Belhadj A., Telef N., Saigne C., Cluzet S., Barrieu F., Hamdi S., Mérillon J.M. Effect of methyl jasmonate in combination with carbohydrates on gene expression of PR proteins, stilbene and anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine cell cultures. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2008, 46:493-499.
6. Benzie I.F.F., Strain J.J. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Meth. Enzymol. 1999, 299:15-27.
7. Bustin S.A., Nolan T. Pitfalls of quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. J.Biomol. Tech. 2004, 15:155-166.
8. Bustin S.A., Benes V., Garson J.A., Hellemans J., Huggett J., Kubista M., Mueller R., Nolan T., Pfaffl M.W., Shipley G.L., Vandesompele J., Wittwer C.T. The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Clin. Chem. 2009, 55:611-622.
9. •+ assay. Redox Rep. 2002, 2:103-109.
10. Chang X., Heene E., Qiao F., Nick P. The phytoalexin resveratrol regulates the initiation of hypersensitive cell death in Vitis cell. PLoS One 2011, 6:e26405.
11. Cho S.H., Chao Y.Y., Hong C.Y., Kao C.H. The role of hydrogen peroxide incadmium-inhibited root growth of rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regul. 2012, 66:27-35.
12. Chu W.L., Lim Y.W., Radhakrishnan A.K., Lim P.E. Protective effect of aqueous extract from Spirulina platensis against cell death induced by free radicals. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2010, 10:53.
13. Cinar M.U., Islam M.A., Uddin M.J., Tholen E., Tesfaye D., Looft C., Schellander K. Evaluation of suitable reference genes for gene expression studiesinporcine alveolar macrophages in response to LPS and LTA. BMC Res. Notes 2012, 5:107.
14. Condori J., Medrano G., Sivakumar G., Nair V., Cramer C., Medina-Bolivar F. Functional characterization of a stilbene synthase gene using a transient expression system in planta. Plant Cell Rep. 2009, 28:589-599.
15. Condori J., Sivakumar G., Hubstenberger J., Dolan M.C., Sobolev V.S., Medina-Bolivar F. Induced biosynthesis of resveratrol and the prenylated stilbenoids arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 in hairy root cultures of peanut: effects of culture medium and growth stage. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2010, 48:310-318.
16. Condori J., Nopo-Olazabal C., Medrano G., Medina-Bolivar F. Selectionofreferences genes for qPCR in hairy root cultures of peanut. BMC Res. Notes 2011, 4:392.
17. Corbineau F., Rudnicki R.M., Come D. The effects of methyl jasmonate on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed germination and seedling development. Plant Growth Regul. 1988, 7:157-169.
18. Counet C., Callemien D., Collin S. Chocolate and cocoa: new sources of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid. Food Chem. 2006, 98:649-657.
19. Czechowski T., Stitt M., Altmann T., Udvardi K., Scheibe W.R. Genome-wide identification and testing of superior reference genes for transcript normalization in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2005, 139:5-17.
20. D'Haene B., Vandesompele J., Hellemans J. Accurate and objective copy number profiling using real-time quantitative PCR. Methods 2010, 50:262-270.
21. Dheda K., Huggett J.F., Chang J.S., Kim L.U., Bustin S.A., Johnson M.A., Rook G.A.W., Zumla A. The implications of using an inappropriate reference gene for real-time reverse transcription PCR data normalization. Anal. Biochem. 2005, 344:141-143.
22. Dunstan D.I., Short K.C. Improved growth of tissue cultures of the onion, Allium cepa. Physiol. Plant 1977, 41:70-72.
23. Expósito-Rodríguez M., Borges A.A., Borges-Pérez A., Pérez J.A. Selection of internal control genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR studies during tomato development process. BMC Plant Biol. 2008, 8:131.
24. Farmer E.E., Ryan C.A. Octadecanoid precursors of jasmonic acid activate the synthesis of wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors. Plant Cell 1992, 4:129-134.
25. Fleige S., Pfaffl M.W. RNA integrity and the effect on the real-time qRT-PCR performance. Mol. Aspects Med. 2006, 27:126-139.
26. Foyer C.H., López-Delgado H., Dat J., Scott I.M. Hydrogen peroxide and glutathione-associated mechanisms of acclamatory stress tolerance and signaling. Physiol. Plant 1997, 100:241-254.
27. Gamborg O.L., Miller R.A., Ojima K. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp. Cell Res. 1968, 50:151-158.
28. Gamm M., Héloir J., Kkellomiemi J., Poinssot B., Wendehenne D., Adrian M. Identification of reference genes suitable for qRT-PCR in grapevine and application for the study of the expression of genes involved in pterostilbene synthesis. Mol. Genet. Genomics 2011, 285:273-285.
29. Garg R., Sahoo A., Tyagi A.K., Jain M. Validation of internal control genes for quantitative gene expression studies in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2010, 396:283-288.
30. Gundlach H., Müller M.J., Kutchan T.M., Zenk M.H. Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 1992, 89:2389-2393.
31. Gutha L.R., Casassa L.F., Harbertson J.F., Naidu R.P. Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves. BMC Plant Biol. 2010, 10:187.
32. Hong S.Y., Seo P.J., Yang M.S., Xiang F., Park C.M. Exploring valid reference genes for gene expression studies in Brachypodium distachyon by real-time PCR. BMC Plant Biol. 2008, 8:112.
33. Horn M.A., Meadows R.P., Apostol I., Jones C.R., Gorenstein D.G., Heinstein P.F., Low P.S. Effect of elicitation and changes in extracellular pH on the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH of suspension-cultured soynean cells. Plant Physiol. 1992, 98:680-686.
34. Huang C.P., Au L.C., Chiou R.Y.Y., Chung P.C., Chen S.Y., Tang W.C., Chang C.L., Fang W.H., Lin S.B. Arachidin-1, a peanut stilbenoid, induces programmed cell death in human leukemia HL-60 cells. J.Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58:12123-12129.
35. Huggett J., Dheda K., Bustin S., Zumla A. Real-time RT-PCR normalisation; strategies and considerations. Genes Immun. 2005, 6:279-284.
36. Imbeaud S., Graudens E., Boulanger V., Barlet X., Zaborski P., Eveno E., Mueller O., Schroeder A., Auffray C. Towards standardization of RNA quality assessment using user-independent classifiers of microcapillary electrophoresis traces. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005, 33:e56.
37. - from the oxidative burst are essential components in triggering defense gene activation and phytoalexin synthesis in parsley. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 1997, 94:4800-4805.
38. Kim D.I., Park I.S. Significance of fresh weight to dry cell weight ratio in plant cell suspension cultures. Biotechnol. Tech. 1993, 7:627-630.
39. Ko Y.J., Kim H.H., Kim E.J., Katakura Y., Lee W.S., Kim G.S., Ryu C.H. Piceatannol inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2013, 31:951-958.
40. Kuc J. Phytoalexins, stress metabolism, and disease resistance in plants. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 1995, 33:275-297.
41. La Vecchia C., Altieri A., Tavani A. Vegetables, fruit, antioxidants and cancer: a review of Italian studies. Eur. J. Nutr. 2001, 40:261-267.
42. Lacikova L., Muselik J., Masterova I., Grancai D. Antioxidant activity andtotal phenols in different extracts of four Staphylea L. species. Molecules 2007, 12:98-102.
43. 2 from the oxidative stressorchestrates the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. Cell 1994, 79:583-593.
44. Lijavetzky D., Almagro L., Belchi-Navarro S., Martínez-Zapater J.M., Bru R., Pedreño M.A. Synergistic effect of methyljasmonate and cyclodextrin on stilbene biosynthesis pathway gene expression and resveratrol production in Monastrell grapevine cell cultures. BMC Res. Notes 2008, 1:132.
45. Martínez E., Muñoz S., Loyola V., Hernández S. Modification of the culture medium to produce aluminum toxicity in cell suspension cultures of coffee (Coffea Arabica). Plant Cell Rep. 2001, 20:469-474.
46. Medina-Bolivar F., Condori J., Rimando A.M., Hubstenberger J., Shelton K., O'Keefe S.F., Bennett S., Dolan M.C. Production and secretion of resveratrol in hairy root cultures of peanut. Phytochemistry 2007, 68:1992-2003.
47. Miliauskas G., Venskutonis P.R., van Beek T.A. Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chem. 2004, 85:231-237.
48. Moller I.M. Plant mitochondria and oxidative stress: electron transport, NADPH turnover, and metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 2001, 52:561-591.
49. Neill S., Desikan R., Hancock J. Hydrogen peroxide signaling. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2002, 5:386-395.
50. Nicot N., Hausman J.F., Hoffmann L., Evers D. Housekeeping gene selection for real-time RT-PCR normalization in potato during biotic and abiotic stress. J.Exp. Bot. 2005, 56:2907-2914.
51. Nopo-Olazabal C., Hubstenberger J., Nopo-Olazabal L., Medina-Bolivar F. Antioxidant activity of selected stilbenoids and their bioproduction in hairy root cultures of muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.). J.Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 10.1021/jf400760k.
52. Orozco-Cárdenas M.L., Narváez-Vásquez J., Ryan C.A. Hydrogen peroxideacts as a second messenger for the induction of defense genes in tomato plants in response to wounding, systemin, and methyl jasmonate. Plant Cell 2001, 13:179-191.
53. Overbergh L., Valckx D., Waer M., Mathieu C. Quantification of murine cytokine mRNAs using real time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Cytokine 1999, 11:305-312.
54. Parra G., Bradnam K., Rose A.B., Korf I. Comparative and functional analysis of intron-mediated enhancement signals reveals conserved features among plants. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011, 39:5328-5337.
55. Pellegrini N., Re R., Tang M., Rice-Evans C.A. Screening of dietary carotenoids and carotenoid-rich fruit extracts for antioxidant activities applying the 2,2'-azobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical cation decolorization assay. Methods Enzymol. 1999, 299:379-389.
56. Pellegrini N., Simonetti P., Gardana C., Brenna O., Brighenti F., Pietta P.G. Polyphenol content and total antioxidant activity of vini novilli (young red wines). J.Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48:732-735.
57. Pellegrini N., Serafini M., Colombi B., del Rio D., Salvatore S., Bianchi M., Brighenti F. Total antioxidant capacity of plant foods, beverages and oils consumed in Italy assessed by three different invitro assays. J.Nutr. 2003, 133:2812-2819.
58. Peressotti E., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu S., Delmotte F., Bellin D., Di Gaspero G., Testolin R., Merdinoglu D., Mestre P. Breakdown of resistance to grapevine downy mildew upon limited deployment of a resistant variety. BMC Plant Biol. 2010, 10:147.
59. Pfaffl M.W., Fleige S., Riedmaier I. Validation of lab-on-chip capillary electrophoresis systems for total RNA quality and quantity control. Biotechnol. Biotec. Eq. 2008, 22:829-834.
60. Pfaffl M.W. Anew mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29:e45.
61. Pisoschi A.M., Negulescu G.P. Methods for total antioxidant activity determination: a review. Biochem. Anal. Biochem. 2011, 1:1.
62. Prasad T.K., Anderson M.D., Stewart C.R. Acclimation, hydrogen peroxide, and abscisic acid protect mitochondria against irreversible chilling injury in maize seedlings. Plant Physiol. 1994, 105:619-627.
63. Purkayashta R.P. Progress in phytoalexin research during the past 50 years. Handbook of Phytoalexin Metabolism and Action 1995, 1-39. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA. M. Daniel, R.P. Purkayashta (Eds.).
64. Qian Z.G., Zhao Z.J., Xu Y., Qian X., Zhong J.J. Novel chemically synthesized hydroxyl-containing jasmonates as powerful inducing signals for plant secondary metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2004, 86:809-816.
65. Reid K.E., Olsson N., Schlosser J., Peng F., Lund S.T. An optimized grapevine RNA isolation procedure and statistical determination of reference genes for real-time RT-PCR during berry development. BMC Plant Biol. 2006, 6:27.
66. Renaud S., de Lorgeril M. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 1992, 339:1523-1526.
67. Repka V., Fischerová I., Šilhárová K. Methyl jasmonate is a potent elicitor of multiple defense responses in grapevine leaves and cell suspension cultures. Biol. Plant 2004, 48:273-283.
68. Romero-Pérez A.I., Ibern-Gómez M., Lamuela-Raventós R.M., de la Torre-Boronat M.C. Piceid, the major resveratrol derivative in grape juices. J.Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47:1533-1536.
69. Ryan C.A., Pearce G. Systemin: a polypeptide signal for plant defensive genes. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 1998, 14:1-17.
70. Sánchez-Moreno C. Review: methods used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity in foods and biological systems. Food Sci. Technol. Int. 2002, 8:121-137.
71. Schultz T.P., Hubbard T.F., Jin L., Fisher T.H., Nicholas D.D. Role of stilbenes in the natural durability of wood: fungicidal structure-activity relationships. Phytochemistry 1990, 29(1):501-1507.
72. Selim M., Legay S., Berkelmann-Löhnertz B., Langen G., Kogel K.H., Evers D. Identification of suitable reference genes for real-time RT-PCR normalization in the grapevine-downy mildew pathosystem. Plant Cell Rep. 2012, 31:205-216.
73. Shearer R.C. Amethod for overcoming seed dormancy in subalpine larch. J.For. 1961, 59:513-514.
74. Shen T., Wang X.N., Lou H.X. Natural stilbenes: an overview. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2009, 26:916-935.
75. Shen X., Du Q., Xu Y., Lu Y. Stimulation of trans-resveratrol biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Kyoho cell suspension cultures by 2,3-dihydroxypropyl jasmonate elicitation. Electron. J. Biotechn. 2012, 15:5.
76. Sparvoli F., Martin C., Scienza A., Gavazzi G., Tonelli C. Cloning and molecular analysis of structural genes involved in flavonoid and stilbene biosynthesis in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Plant Mol. Biol. 1994, 24:743-755.
77. Staswick P.E., Su W., Howell S.H. Methyl jasmonate inhibition of root growth and induction of a leaf protein are decreased in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 1992, 89:6837-6840.
78. Staudt G., Kassemeyer H.H. Evaluation of downy mildew resistance in various accessions of wild Vitis species. Vitis 1995, 34:225-228.
79. Tassoni A., Fornalé S., Franceschetti M., Musiani F., Michael A.J., Perry B., Bagni N. Jasmonates and Na-orthovanadate promote resveratrol production in Vitis vinifera cv. Barbera cell cultures. New Phytol. 2005, 166:895-905.
80. Tavares L., Carrilho D., Tyagi M., Barata D., Serra A.T., Martins Duarte C.M., Oliveira Duarte R., Feliciano Bronze R.P.M.R., Chicau P., Espírito-Santo M.D., Boavida Ferreira R., Nunes dos Santos C. Antioxidant capacity of Macaronesian traditional medicinal plants. Molecules 2010, 15:2576-2592.
81. Thaipong K., Boonprakob U., Crosby K., Cisneros-Zeballos L., Byrne D.H. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. J.Food Compost. Anal 2006, 19:669-675.
82. Thomas P., Schiefelbein J.W. Improved method for purification of RNA from stem tissue of grapevine and its use in mRNA profiling. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 2002, 53:231-234.
83. Trouvelot S., Varnier A.L., Allègre M., Mercier L., Baillieul F., Arnould C., Gianinazzi-Pearson V., Klarzynski O., Joubert J.M., Pugin A., Daire X. Aβ-1,3 glucan sulfate induces resistance in grapevine against Plasmopara viticola through priming of defense responses, including HR-like cell death. Mol. Plant Microbe Interac. 2008, 21:232-243.
84. Vandesompele J., de Preter K., Pattyn F., Poppe B., van Roy N., de Paepe A., Speleman F. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 2002, 3. RESEARCH0034.
85. Vandesompele J., Kubista M., Pfaffl M. Reference gene validation software for improved normalization. Real-time PCR: Current Technology and Applications 2009, vol. 47:64. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK.
86. Vannozzi A., Dry I.B., Fasoli M., Zenoni S., Lucchin M. Genome-wide analysis of the grapevine stilbene synthase multigenic family: genomic organization and expression profiles upon biotic and abiotic stresses. BMC Plant Biol. 2012, 12:130.
87. Vasanthaiah H.K.N., Katam R., Sheikh M.B. Efficient protocol for isolation of functional RNA from different grape tissue rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides for gene expression studies. Electron. J. Biotechn. 2008, 11.
88. Veazey K.J., Golding M.C. Selection of stable reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR comparisons of mouse embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e27592.
89. Velasco R., Zharkikh A., Troggio M., Cartwright D.A., Cestaro A., Pruss D., Pindo M., Fitzgerald L.M., Vezzulli S., Reid J., Malacarne G., Iliev D., Coppola G., Wardell B., Micheletti D., Macalma T., Facci M., Mitchell J.T., Perazzolli M., Eldredge G., Gatto P., Oyzerski R., Moretto M., Gutin N., Stefanini M., Chen Y., Segala C., Davenport C., Demattè L., Mraz A., Battilana J., Stormo K., Costa F., Tao Q., Si-Ammour A., Harkins T., Lackey A., Perbost C., Taillon B., Stella A., Solovyev V., Fawcett J.A., Sterck L., Vandepoele K., Grando S.M., Toppo S., Moser C., Lanchbury J., Bogden R., Skolnick M., Sgaramella V., Bhatnagar S.K., Fontana P., Gutin A., van de Peer Y., Salamini F., Viola P. Ahigh quality draft consensus sequence of the genome of a heterozygous grapevine variety. PLoS One 2007, 2:e1326.
90. Wang H., Cao G., Prior R.L. Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins. J.Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45:304-309.
91. Yáñez M., Fraiz N., Cano E., Orallo F. (-)-Trans ε-viniferin, a polyphenol present in wines, is an inhibitor of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and of monoamine oxidase activity. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2006, 542:54-60.
92. Yu L., Haley S., Perret J., Harris M., Wilson J., Qian M. Free radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts. J.Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50:1619-1624.
93. Yu C.K., Springob K., Schmidt J., Nicholson R.L., Chu I.K., Yip W.K., Lo C. Astilbene synthase gene (SbSTS1) is involved in host and non-host defense responses in sorghum. Plant Physiol. 2005, 138:393-401.
94. Zhu J., Zhang L., Li W., Han S., Yang W., Qi L. Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR normalization in Caragana intermedia under different abiotic stress conditions. PLoS One 2013, 8:e53196.