메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-182

Statistics Workbook for Evidence-Based Health Care

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84887225267     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444300499     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (35)

References (334)
  • 1
    • 0033530694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • William Osler: a model for the 21st century?
    • Editorial
    • O'Rourke MF.Editorial. William Osler: a model for the 21st century? Med J Aust.1999; 171:577-579.
    • (1999) Med J Aust , vol.171 , pp. 577-579
    • O'Rourke, M.F.1
  • 2
    • 84889468935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence based pediatrics and childhealth
    • (2nd Edition). London: BMJ Books
    • Moyer VA, Elliott EJ, et al. (eds.) Evidence based pediatrics and childhealth. BMJ Books 2004 (2nd Edition). London: BMJ Books.
    • (2004) BMJ Books
    • Moyer, V.A.1    Elliott, E.J.2
  • 3
    • 0003560842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical questions in evidence-basedmedicine
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Bland JM, Peacock J. Statistical questions in evidence-basedmedicine. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Bland, J.M.1    Peacock, J.2
  • 4
    • 0011966129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Users' guide to the medical literature.
    • Essentialsof evidence-based practice, Chicago:AMA Press
    • Guyatt GH, Rennie D. Users' guide to the medical literature. Essentialsof evidence-based practice. JAMA and Archives Journals, Chicago:AMA Press, 2002.
    • (2002) JAMA and Archives Journals
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Rennie, D.2
  • 6
    • 84889492586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study design
    • A handbook of quantitative methods, Crow's Nest,Australia: Allen and Unwin
    • Peat JK, Mellis CM, Williams K, Xuan W. Study design. Health scienceresearch. A handbook of quantitative methods.Crow's Nest,Australia: Allen and Unwin, 2001.
    • (2001) Health scienceresearch
    • Peat, J.K.1    Mellis, C.M.2    Williams, K.3    Xuan, W.4
  • 8
    • 0001539653 scopus 로고
    • Is statistics a science?
    • Healy MJR. Is statistics a science? J R Statist Soc A 1978; 141:385-393.
    • (1978) J R Statist Soc A , vol.141 , pp. 385-393
    • Healy, M.J.R.1
  • 9
    • 0020460601 scopus 로고
    • Statistics in medical journals
    • Altman DG.Statistics in medical journals. Stat Med.1982; 1:59-71.
    • (1982) Stat Med , vol.1 , pp. 59-71
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 10
    • 0018076475 scopus 로고
    • The importanceof beta, the type II error and sample size in the design and interpretationof the randomized control trial
    • Freiman JA, Chalmers TC, Smith H Jr, Kuebler RR.The importanceof beta, the type II error and sample size in the design and interpretationof the randomized control trial. N Engl J Med.1978; 299:690-694.
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.299 , pp. 690-694
    • Freiman, J.A.1    Chalmers, T.C.2    Smith Jr, H.3    Kuebler, R.R.4
  • 11
    • 0018857743 scopus 로고
    • Management ofacute stroke in the elderly: preliminary results of a controlled trial
    • Garraway WM, Akhtar AJ, Prescott RJ, Hockey L. Management ofacute stroke in the elderly: preliminary results of a controlled trial.Br Med J 1980; 280:1040-1043.
    • (1980) Br Med J , vol.280 , pp. 1040-1043
    • Garraway, W.M.1    Akhtar, A.J.2    Prescott, R.J.3    Hockey, L.4
  • 12
    • 0023049334 scopus 로고
    • Confidence intervals rather than P values:estimation rather than hypothesis testing
    • Gardner MJ, Altman DG.Confidence intervals rather than P values:estimation rather than hypothesis testing. Br Med J.1986; 292:746-750.
    • (1986) Br Med J , vol.292 , pp. 746-750
    • Gardner, M.J.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 14
    • 0031050268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of dementia among persons with diabetesmellitus: a population-based cohort study
    • Leibson CL, Rocca, WA, Hanson VA, Cha R, Kokmen E,O'Brien PC, et al.Risk of dementia among persons with diabetesmellitus: a population-based cohort study. Am J Epidemiol.1997; 145:301-8.
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol , vol.145 , pp. 301-308
    • Leibson, C.L.1    Rocca, W.A.2    Hanson, V.A.3    Cha, R.4    Kokmen, E.5    O'Brien, P.C.6
  • 15
    • 0033596837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal association of vascular andAlzheimer's dementias, diabetes, and glucose tolerance
    • Curb JD, Rodriguez BL, Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, Ross GW,Masaki KH, et al.Longitudinal association of vascular andAlzheimer's dementias, diabetes, and glucose tolerance. Neurology.1999; 52:971-5.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 971-975
    • Curb, J.D.1    Rodriguez, B.L.2    Abbott, R.D.3    Petrovitch, H.4    Ross, G.W.5    Masaki, K.H.6
  • 16
    • 0035479310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitusand risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with stroke in amultiethnic cohort
    • Luchsinger JA, Tang MX, Stern Y, Shea S, Mayeaux R.Diabetes mellitusand risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with stroke in amultiethnic cohort. Am J Epidemiol.2001; 154:635-41.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol , vol.154 , pp. 635-641
    • Luchsinger, J.A.1    Tang, M.X.2    Stern, Y.3    Shea, S.4    Mayeaux, R.5
  • 17
    • 0036973393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitusand the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascularcognitive impairment in the Canadian study of health and aging
    • MacKnight C, Rockwood K, Awalt E, McDowell I. Diabetes mellitusand the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascularcognitive impairment in the Canadian study of health and aging.Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002; 14:77-83.
    • (2002) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.14 , pp. 77-83
    • MacKnight, C.1    Rockwood, K.2    Awalt, E.3    McDowell, I.4
  • 18
    • 0034745453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mildcognitive impairments predict dementia in nondemented elderlypatients with memory loss
    • Bozoki A, Giordani B, Heidebrink JL, Berent S, Foster NL.Mildcognitive impairments predict dementia in nondemented elderlypatients with memory loss. Arch Neurol.2001; 58:411-6.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 411-416
    • Bozoki, A.1    Giordani, B.2    Heidebrink, J.L.3    Berent, S.4    Foster, N.L.5
  • 19
    • 0031695197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of Alzheimer'sdisease in the United States and the public health impact of delayingdisease onset
    • Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C.Projections of Alzheimer'sdisease in the United States and the public health impact of delayingdisease onset. Am J Pub Health.1998; 88:1337-42.
    • (1998) Am J Pub Health , vol.88 , pp. 1337-1342
    • Brookmeyer, R.1    Gray, S.2    Kawas, C.3
  • 20
    • 0034707612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment andcognitive decline among older women? Study of OsteoporoticFractures Research Group
    • Gregg EW, Yaffe K, Cauley JA, Rolka DB, Blackwell TL, NarayanKM, et al.Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment andcognitive decline among older women? Study of OsteoporoticFractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med.2000; 160:174-80.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 174-180
    • Gregg, E.W.1    Yaffe, K.2    Cauley, J.A.3    Rolka, D.B.4    Blackwell, T.L.5    Narayan, K.M.6
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0029081345 scopus 로고
    • Glucoseintolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and cognitive function in a generalpopulation of elderly men
    • Kalmijn S, Feskens EJ, Launer LJ, Stijnen T, Kromhout D.Glucoseintolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and cognitive function in a generalpopulation of elderly men. Diabetologia.1995; 38:1096-102.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , pp. 1096-1102
    • Kalmijn, S.1    Feskens, E.J.2    Launer, L.J.3    Stijnen, T.4    Kromhout, D.5
  • 23
    • 0031671213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusand cognitive function in an older cohort
    • Scott RD, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E, WiederholtWC.The association of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusand cognitive function in an older cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc.1998; 46:1217-22.
    • (1998) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.46 , pp. 1217-1222
    • Scott, R.D.1    Kritz-Silverstein, D.2    Barrett-Connor, E.3    Wiederholt, W.C.4
  • 24
    • 0035141946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes incognitive abilities over a 4-year period are unfavorably affected inelderly diabetic subjects: results of the epidemiology of vascularaging study
    • Fontbonne A, Berr C, Ducimetiere P, Alperovitch A.Changes incognitive abilities over a 4-year period are unfavorably affected inelderly diabetic subjects: results of the epidemiology of vascularaging study. Diabetes Care.2001; 24:366-70.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 366-370
    • Fontbonne, A.1    Berr, C.2    Ducimetiere, P.3    Alperovitch, A.4
  • 27
    • 0036143731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus in a subgroup of older Mexicans:prevalence, association with cardiovascular risk factors, functionaland cognitive impairment, and mortality
    • Rodriguez-Saldana J, Morley JE, Reynoso MT, Medina CA, SalazarP, Cruz E, et al.Diabetes mellitus in a subgroup of older Mexicans:prevalence, association with cardiovascular risk factors, functionaland cognitive impairment, and mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc.2002; 50:111-6.
    • (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.50 , pp. 111-116
    • Rodriguez-Saldana, J.1    Morley, J.E.2    Reynoso, M.T.3    Medina, C.A.4    Salazar, P.5    Cruz, E.6
  • 29
    • 0042561846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of diabetes on cognitive function among older Latinos: apopulation-based cohort study
    • Wu JH, Haan MN, Liang J, Ghosh D, Gonzalez HM, Herman WH.Impact of diabetes on cognitive function among older Latinos: apopulation-based cohort study. J Clin Epidemiol 2003; 56:686-93.
    • (2003) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.56 , pp. 686-693
    • Wu, J.H.1    Haan, M.N.2    Liang, J.3    Ghosh, D.4    Gonzalez, H.M.5    Herman, W.H.6
  • 31
    • 0035464869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biethnic community survey of cognition inparticipants with type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, andnormal glucose tolerance: the New Mexico elder health survey
    • Lindeman RD, Romero LJ, LaRue A, Yau CL, Schade DS,Koehler KM, et al. A biethnic community survey of cognition inparticipants with type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, andnormal glucose tolerance: the New Mexico elder health survey.Diabetes Care 2001; 24:1567-72.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 1567-1572
    • Lindeman, R.D.1    Romero, L.J.2    LaRue, A.3    Yau, C.L.4    Schade, D.S.5    Koehler, K.M.6
  • 32
    • 0037292513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognition:an understudied issue in women's health
    • Coker LH, Shumaker SA.Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognition:an understudied issue in women's health. J Psychosom Research.2003; 54:129-39.
    • (2003) J Psychosom Research , vol.54 , pp. 129-139
    • Coker, L.H.1    Shumaker, S.A.2
  • 33
    • 0038813958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs and cognitive function in aging women
    • Kang JH, Grodstein F.Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs and cognitive function in aging women. Neurology.2003; 60:1591-7.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1591-1597
    • Kang, J.H.1    Grodstein, F.2
  • 35
    • 0018602014 scopus 로고
    • Classification and diagnosis of diabetesmellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance
    • National Diabetes Data Group.Classification and diagnosis of diabetesmellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes.1979; 28:1039-57.
    • (1979) Diabetes , vol.28 , pp. 1039-1057
    • National Diabetes Data Group1
  • 36
    • 17144469684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus
    • Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of DiabetesMellitus
    • Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of DiabetesMellitus. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2000;SUPPL 1:S4-19.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.1 SUPPL
  • 38
    • 84889422534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
  • 39
    • 0035841813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing controlled trials 26 ials with baseline andfollow-up measurements
    • Vickers A, Altman D.Analysing controlled trials 26 ials with baseline andfollow-up measurements. BMJ.2001; 323:1123-4.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 1123-1124
    • Vickers, A.1    Altman, D.2
  • 40
    • 0037390039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates the levelsof insulin, amyloid beta-protein, and the beta-amyloid precursorprotein intracellular domain in vivo
    • Farris W, Mansourian S, Chang Y, Lindsley L, Eckman EA,Frosch MP, et al.Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates the levelsof insulin, amyloid beta-protein, and the beta-amyloid precursorprotein intracellular domain in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2003; 100:4162-7.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 4162-4167
    • Farris, W.1    Mansourian, S.2    Chang, Y.3    Lindsley, L.4    Eckman, E.A.5    Frosch, M.P.6
  • 42
    • 0032483719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health economic benefits and quality oflife during improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial
    • Testa MA, Simonson DC.Health economic benefits and quality oflife during improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. JAMA.1998; 280:1490-6.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1490-1496
    • Testa, M.A.1    Simonson, D.C.2
  • 43
    • 0038460824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of antidiabetic medications on physical and cognitivefunctioning of older Mexican Americans with diabetes mellitus: apopulation-based cohort study
    • Wu JH, Haan MN, Liang J, Ghosh D, Gonzalez HM, Herman WH.Impact of antidiabetic medications on physical and cognitivefunctioning of older Mexican Americans with diabetes mellitus: apopulation-based cohort study. Ann Epidemiol 2003; 13:369-76.
    • (2003) Ann Epidemiol , vol.13 , pp. 369-376
    • Wu, J.H.1    Haan, M.N.2    Liang, J.3    Ghosh, D.4    Gonzalez, H.M.5    Herman, W.H.6
  • 44
    • 0025967768 scopus 로고
    • Good surveys guide
    • Evans SJ.Good surveys guide. BMJ.1991; 302:302-303.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.302 , pp. 302-303
    • Evans, S.J.1
  • 45
    • 0022549094 scopus 로고
    • Statistical significance and confidence intervals
    • Berry G.Statistical significance and confidence intervals. Med J Aust.1986; 144:618-619.
    • (1986) Med J Aust , vol.144 , pp. 618-619
    • Berry, G.1
  • 46
    • 0026517404 scopus 로고
    • Confidence intervals in research evaluation
    • Altman D. Confidence intervals in research evaluation. ACP J Club 1992;116:A28-A29.
    • (1992) ACP J Club , vol.116
    • Altman, D.1
  • 47
    • 84889333912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rules for presenting numbers in text.
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: AmericanCollege of Physicians
    • Lang TA, Secic M. Rules for presenting numbers in text. In: How toreport statistics in medicine. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: AmericanCollege of Physicians, 1997; pp 339-341.
    • (1997) How toreport statistics in medicine , pp. 339-341
    • Lang, T.A.1    Secic, M.2
  • 48
    • 0030629043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes in clinical practice: pressuree ulcerprevalence and incidence studies
    • Gallagher SM.Outcomes in clinical practice: pressuree ulcerprevalence and incidence studies. Ostomy Wound Manage.1997; 43:28-35.
    • (1997) Ostomy Wound Manage , vol.43 , pp. 28-35
    • Gallagher, S.M.1
  • 49
    • 0030626339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers
    • Frantz RA. Measuring prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers.Adv Wound Care 1997;10(1):21-4.
    • (1997) Adv Wound Care , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-24
    • Frantz, R.A.1
  • 51
    • 0032944133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversing the trend: Reducing the prevalence of asthma
    • Peat JK, Li J. Reversing the trend: Reducing the prevalence of asthma.J Allergy Clin lmmunol 1999; 103:1-10.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin lmmunol , vol.103 , pp. 1-10
    • Peat, J.K.1    Li, J.2
  • 52
    • 0022452818 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness inchildren: the relationship between asthma: the relationship betweenasthma and skin reactivity to allergens in two communities
    • Britton WJ, Woolcock AJ, Peat JK, Sedgwick CJ, Lloyd DM,Leeder SR.Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness inchildren: the relationship between asthma: the relationship betweenasthma and skin reactivity to allergens in two communities. Int JEpidemiol.1986; 15:202-9.
    • (1986) Int JEpidemiol , vol.15 , pp. 202-209
    • Britton, W.J.1    Woolcock, A.J.2    Peat, J.K.3    Sedgwick, C.J.4    Lloyd, D.M.5    Leeder, S.R.6
  • 53
    • 0025790312 scopus 로고
    • Imputing nonresponses to mail-back questionnaires
    • Drane JW Imputing nonresponses to mail-back questionnaires.Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134:908-12.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.134 , pp. 908-912
    • Drane, J.W.1
  • 55
    • 84889392363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Protection Agency
    • Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health, National Public Health Service for Wales,Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland,Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, UnlinkedAnonymous Surveys Steering Group, London: HPA,2003
    • Health Protection Agency, Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health, National Public Health Service for Wales,Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland,Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, UnlinkedAnonymous Surveys Steering Group. Shooting up: infections amonginjecting drug users in the United Kingdom 2002. London: HPA,2003.
    • (2002) Shooting up: infections amonginjecting drug users in the United Kingdom
  • 56
    • 0141794187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a modified commercial assay in detecting antibody tohepatitis C virus in oral fluids and dried blood spots
    • Judd A, Parry J, Hickman M, McDonald T, Jordan L, Lewis K, et al.Evaluation of a modified commercial assay in detecting antibody tohepatitis C virus in oral fluids and dried blood spots. J Med Virol2003; 71:49-55.
    • (2003) J Med Virol , vol.71 , pp. 49-55
    • Judd, A.1    Parry, J.2    Hickman, M.3    McDonald, T.4    Jordan, L.5    Lewis, K.6
  • 57
    • 0027496756 scopus 로고
    • Novel assay for thedetection of immunoglobulin G antihuman immunodeficiencyvirus in untreated saliva and urine
    • Connell JA, Parry JV, Mortimer PP, Duncan J.Novel assay for thedetection of immunoglobulin G antihuman immunodeficiencyvirus in untreated saliva and urine. J Med Virol.1993; 41:159-64.
    • (1993) J Med Virol , vol.41 , pp. 159-164
    • Connell, J.A.1    Parry, J.V.2    Mortimer, P.P.3    Duncan, J.4
  • 58
    • 1342268288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV incidence appears constant in men who have sex with mendespite widespread use of effective antiretroviral therapy
    • Murphy G, Charlett A, Jordan LF, Osner N, Gill ON, Parry JV.HIV incidence appears constant in men who have sex with mendespite widespread use of effective antiretroviral therapy. AIDS2004; 18:265-72.
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 265-272
    • Murphy, G.1    Charlett, A.2    Jordan, L.F.3    Osner, N.4    Gill, O.N.5    Parry, J.V.6
  • 59
    • 2342419137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injecting drug use in Brighton, Liverpool, and London: bestestimates of prevalence and coverage of public health indicators
    • Hickman M, Higgins V, Hope VD, Bellis MA, Tilling K, Walker A,et al. Injecting drug use in Brighton, Liverpool, and London: bestestimates of prevalence and coverage of public health indicators.J Epidemiol Community Health 2004; 58:766-71.
    • (2004) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.58 , pp. 766-771
    • Hickman, M.1    Higgins, V.2    Hope, V.D.3    Bellis, M.A.4    Tilling, K.5    Walker, A.6
  • 60
    • 4243598146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chi-square test for association
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Bland JM. The chi-square test for association. In: An introductionto medical statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996;pp 225-235.
    • (1996) An introductionto medical statistics , pp. 225-235
    • Bland, J.M.1
  • 62
    • 0001344074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium tetani (tetanus)
    • In:Mandell GL, BennettJE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles andpractice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone
    • Bleck TP. Clostridium tetani (tetanus). In: Mandell GL, BennettJE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles andpractice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone,2000;2537-43.
    • (2000) , pp. 2537-2543
    • Bleck, T.P.1
  • 63
    • 0037452242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing and treating tetanus. The challengecontinues in the face of neglect and lack of research
    • Thwaites CL, Farrar JJ.Preventing and treating tetanus. The challengecontinues in the face of neglect and lack of research. BMJ.2003; 326:117-8.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 117-118
    • Thwaites, C.L.1    Farrar, J.J.2
  • 64
    • 0018774027 scopus 로고
    • Intensive care in tetanus: management,complications and mortality in 100 cases
    • Edmondson RS, Flowers MW.Intensive care in tetanus: management,complications and mortality in 100 cases. BMJ.1979; 1:1401-4.
    • (1979) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 1401-1404
    • Edmondson, R.S.1    Flowers, M.W.2
  • 65
    • 0028989982 scopus 로고
    • Tetanus: a recurring intensivecare problem
    • Harding-Goldson HE, Hanna WJ.Tetanus: a recurring intensivecare problem. J Trop Med Hyg.1995; 98:179-84.
    • (1995) J Trop Med Hyg , vol.98 , pp. 179-184
    • Harding-Goldson, H.E.1    Hanna, W.J.2
  • 66
    • 0017578926 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecalantitetanus serum (horse) in the treatment of tetanus
    • Sanders RKM, Martyn B, Joseph R, Peacock ML.Intrathecalantitetanus serum (horse) in the treatment of tetanus. Lancet.1977; 1:974-7.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 974-977
    • Sanders, R.K.M.1    Martyn, B.2    Joseph, R.3    Peacock, M.L.4
  • 67
  • 68
    • 0018961884 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal 7 athecal humantetanus immunoglobulin in early tetanus
    • pta PS, Goyal S, Kapoor R, Batra VK, Jain BK.Intrathecal 7 athecal humantetanus immunoglobulin in early tetanus. Lancet.1980; 2:439-40.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 439-440
    • Pta, P.S.1    Goyal, S.2    Kapoor, R.3    Batra, V.K.4    Jain, B.K.5
  • 69
    • 0019273497 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal tetanusanti-toxin in moderate and severe tetanus
    • Keswani NK, Singh AK, Upadhyana KD.Intrathecal tetanusanti-toxin in moderate and severe tetanus. J Indian Med Assoc.1980; 75:67-9.
    • (1980) J Indian Med Assoc , vol.75 , pp. 67-69
    • Keswani, N.K.1    Singh, A.K.2    Upadhyana, K.D.3
  • 70
    • 0014877975 scopus 로고
    • Prime esperienze e risultati terapeuticicon immunoglobuline umane antitetaniche per via subaracnoidea
    • Rossano C, Giugliano F. Prime esperienze e risultati terapeuticicon immunoglobuline umane antitetaniche per via subaracnoidea.Minerva Anestesiol 1970; 36:725-7.
    • (1970) Minerva Anestesiol , vol.36 , pp. 725-727
    • Rossano, C.1    Giugliano, F.2
  • 71
    • 84862048747 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal treatment of tetanus with antitetanus serumand prednisolone mixture
    • In: International Conference onTetanus, São Paulo. Pan American Health Organisation-Scientpublic
    • Ildirim I.Intrathecal treatment of tetanus with antitetanus serumand prednisolone mixture. In: International Conference onTetanus, São Paulo. Pan American Health Organisation-Scientpublic.1972; 253:119-26.
    • (1972) , vol.253 , pp. 119-126
    • Ildirim, I.1
  • 72
    • 0018942634 scopus 로고
    • Eficácia do tratamiento do tétano com antitoxinatetânica por via raquideana e/ou venosa
    • Estudo de 101 casos, compesquisa sobre a permanência da gamaglobulina humana-F(ab)2-no1íqüor e no sangue.
    • Veronesi R, Bizzini B, Hutzler RU, Focaccia R, Mazza CC,Feldman C, et al.Eficácia do tratamiento do tétano com antitoxinatetânica por via raquideana e/ou venosa. Estudo de 101 casos, compesquisa sobre a permanência da gamaglobulina humana-F(ab)2-no1íqüor e no sangue. Revista brasileira Clínica e Terapêutica.1980; 9:301-19.
    • (1980) Revista brasileira Clínica e Terapêutica , vol.9 , pp. 301-319
    • Veronesi, R.1    Bizzini, B.2    Hutzler, R.U.3    Focaccia, R.4    Mazza, C.C.5    Feldman, C.6
  • 73
    • 85127098700 scopus 로고
    • Sun KO, Chan YW Cheung RTF, So PC, Yu YL, Li PCK
    • Sun KO, Chan YW Cheung RTF, So PC, Yu YL, Li PCK Managementof tetanus: a review of 18 cases. J R Soc Med 1994; 87:135-7.
    • (1994) J R Soc Med , vol.87 , pp. 135-137
  • 74
    • 0017387259 scopus 로고
    • Intérêt de l'administration intrathécale de sérumantitétanique et de corticoïdes pour le treatment du tétanosdéclaré
    • Gallais, H. Intérêt de l'administration intrathécale de sérumantitétanique et de corticoïdes pour le treatment du tétanosdéclaré. La Nouvelle Presse médicale 1977;6:571.
    • (1977) La Nouvelle Presse médicale , vol.6 , pp. 571
    • Gallais, H.1
  • 75
    • 0019487103 scopus 로고
    • The immediate treatment of tetanus with high doses ofhuman tetanus antitoxin.
    • List WF. The immediate treatment of tetanus with high doses ofhuman tetanus antitoxin. Nofallmedizin 1981;7:731-3.
    • (1981) Nofallmedizin , vol.7 , pp. 731-733
    • List, W.F.1
  • 76
    • 0020467873 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal anti-tetanus serum(ATS) and parenteral betamethasone in treatment of tetanus
    • Thomas PP, Crowell EB, Mathew M.Intrathecal anti-tetanus serum(ATS) and parenteral betamethasone in treatment of tetanus. TransR Soc Trop Med Hyg.1982; 76:620-3.
    • (1982) TransR Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.76 , pp. 620-623
    • Thomas, P.P.1    Crowell, E.B.2    Mathew, M.3
  • 77
    • 0026006154 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal therapy in tetanus, ameta-analysis
    • Abrutyn E, Berlin JA.Intrathecal therapy in tetanus, ameta-analysis. JAMA.1991; 266:2262-7.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 2262-2267
    • Abrutyn, E.1    Berlin, J.A.2
  • 78
    • 0004008434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamentals of clinicaltrials
    • 3rd ed. St Louis, MI: Mosby
    • Friedman LM, Furberg CD, Demets DL. Fundamentals of clinicaltrials, 3rd ed. St Louis, MI: Mosby, 1996.
    • (1996)
    • Friedman, L.M.1    Furberg, C.D.2    Demets, D.L.3
  • 79
    • 84889298855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caracterização epidemiológica do tétano no estado de Pernambucono período de 1981 a 1995
    • Resumos do IX Congresso Brasileirode Infectologia; 1996; Aug 25-9; Recife
    • Miranda Filho DB, Ximenes RAA, Bernardino SN, Escarião AG.Caracterização epidemiológica do tétano no estado de Pernambucono período de 1981 a 1995. Resumos do IX Congresso Brasileirode Infectologia; 1996; Aug 25-9; Recife. Sociedade Brasileira deInfectologia.
    • Sociedade Brasileira deInfectologia
    • Miranda Filho, D.B.1    Ximenes, R.A.A.2    Bernardino, S.N.3    Escarião, A.G.4
  • 80
    • 84862048609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classificaçãoclínica de pacientes com tétano para monitoramento da resposta amedidas terapêuticas
    • Miranda Filho D, Ximenes R, Barone A, Vaz V, Vieira. Classificaçãoclínica de pacientes com tétano para monitoramento da resposta amedidas terapêuticas. Braz J Infect Dis 2003;7(suppl 1):S18.
    • (2003) Braz J Infect Dis , vol.7 , Issue.1 SUPPL
    • Miranda Filho, D.1    Ximenes, R.2    Barone, A.3    Vaz, V.V.4
  • 81
    • 84959807097 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in tetanus: use of data from therapeutictrial
    • Armitage P, Clifford R.Prognosis in tetanus: use of data from therapeutictrial. J Infect Dis.1978; 138:1-8.
    • (1978) J Infect Dis , vol.138 , pp. 1-8
    • Armitage, P.1    Clifford, R.2
  • 83
    • 0032148863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised double-blind sham controlled study of intrathecalhuman anti-tetanus immunoglobulin in the management oftetanus
    • Agarwal M, Thomas K, Peter JV, Jeyaseelan L, Cherian AM.A randomised double-blind sham controlled study of intrathecalhuman anti-tetanus immunoglobulin in the management oftetanus. Natl Med J India 1998; 11:209-12.
    • (1998) Natl Med J India , vol.11 , pp. 209-212
    • Agarwal, M.1    Thomas, K.2    Peter, J.V.3    Jeyaseelan, L.4    Cherian, A.M.5
  • 84
    • 0017184928 scopus 로고
    • Tétano: aspectos epidemiológicos,clínicos e ter-apêuticos
    • Análise de 461 casos
    • Barone AA, Raineri HC, Ferreira JM.Tétano: aspectos epidemiológicos,clínicos e ter-apêuticos. Análise de 461 casos. Rev HospClin Fac Med Sao Paulo.1976; 31:215-25.
    • (1976) Rev HospClin Fac Med Sao Paulo , vol.31 , pp. 215-225
    • Barone, A.A.1    Raineri, H.C.2    Ferreira, J.M.3
  • 85
    • 0023544512 scopus 로고
    • Tetanus and itscomplications: intensive care and management experience in 150Indian patients
    • Udwadia FE, Lall A, Udwadia ZF, Sekhar M, Vora A.Tetanus and itscomplications: intensive care and management experience in 150Indian patients. Epidemiol Infect 1987;99:675-84.
    • (1987) Epidemiol Infect , vol.99 , pp. 675-684
    • Udwadia, F.E.1    Lall, A.2    Udwadia, Z.F.3    Sekhar, M.4    Vora, A.5
  • 86
    • 33745288599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The (relative) risks of using odds ratio
    • Katz KA.The (relative) risks of using odds ratio. Arch 1. Dermatol.2006; 142:761-764.
    • (2006) Arch 1. Dermatol , vol.142 , pp. 761-764
    • Katz, K.A.1
  • 87
    • 85007745189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The odds ratio
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. The odds ratio. BMJ 2000;320:1468.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 1468
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 90
    • 0032544993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's the relative risk? A method of c orrectingthe odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes
    • Zhang J, Yu KF.What's the relative risk? A method of c orrectingthe odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA.1998; 280:1690-1691.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1690-1691
    • Zhang, J.1    Yu, K.F.2
  • 92
    • 0036896766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Up with odds ratios! A case for odds ratios when outcomesare common
    • Cook TD.Up with odds ratios! A case for odds ratios when outcomesare common. Acad Emerg Med.2002; 9:1430-1434.
    • (2002) Acad Emerg Med , vol.9 , pp. 1430-1434
    • Cook, T.D.1
  • 93
    • 0031881637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can asthma be prevented? Evidence from epidemiologicalstudies of children in Australia and New Zealand in the last decade
    • Peat JK. Can asthma be prevented? Evidence from epidemiologicalstudies of children in Australia and New Zealand in the last decade.Clin Exp Allergy 1998; 28:261-265.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.28 , pp. 261-265
    • Peat, J.K.1
  • 94
    • 0012920485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Links to tobacco industry influences review co1 nclusions.
    • 23 May
    • Wise J. Links to tobacco industry influences review co1 nclusions.BMJ 1998; 316: 1554. (23 May.)
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.316 , pp. 1554
    • Wise, J.1
  • 95
    • 0032550671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why review articles on the health effects ofpassive smoking reach different conclusions
    • Abstract/Free Full Text
    • Barnes DE, Dero LA. Why review articles on the health effects ofpassive smoking reach different conclusions. JAMA 1998; 279:1566-1570. [Abstract/Free Full Text.]
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1566-1570
    • Barnes, D.E.1    Dero, L.A.2
  • 97
    • 0032564153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When can odds ratios mislead?
    • Free Full Text, 25 October
    • Deeks JJ. When can odds ratios mislead? BMJ 1998; 317: 1155-1156.[Free Full Text]. (25 October.)
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 1155-1156
    • Deeks, J.J.1
  • 98
    • 0028018289 scopus 로고
    • Clinically useful measures of effectin binary analyses of randomized trials
    • Sinclair JC, Bracken MB.Clinically useful measures of effectin binary analyses of randomized trials. J Clin Epidemiol 1994; 47:881-9.
    • (1994) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.47 , pp. 881-889
    • Sinclair, J.C.1    Bracken, M.B.2
  • 99
    • 0011963407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swots corner: what is an odds ratio?
    • Deeks J. Swots corner: what is an odds ratio? Bandolier 1996;3(3):6-7.
    • (1996) Bandolier , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 6-7
    • Deeks, J.1
  • 100
    • 0003415539 scopus 로고
    • Practical statistics for medical research
    • London:Chapman and Hall
    • Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical research. London:Chapman and Hall, 1991.
    • (1991)
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 101
    • 0003995127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunisation against infectious diseases
    • Department of Health, London: HMSO
    • Department of Health. Immunisation against infectious diseases.London: HMSO, 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 102
    • 84889301533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunisation in practice
    • World Health Organisation., Module 8.During a session: giving immunisations. Geneva: WHO, (accessed 3October 2000)
    • World Health Organisation. Immunisation in practice. Module 8.During a session: giving immunisations. Geneva: WHO, 1998. (www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DoxTrng/H4IIP.htm (accessed 3October 2000).)
    • (1998)
  • 103
    • 0007605136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current vaccine issues: action update
    • Department of Health, London:DoH,, Professional letter PL/CMO/99/5
    • Department of Health. Current vaccine issues: action update. London:DoH, 1999. (Professional letter PL/CMO/99/5.)
    • (1999)
  • 104
    • 0007602374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial of different needle lengths onthe incidence of local reactions when administering the combinedinjection of diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) and Haemophilusinfluenzae type b (Hib) to infants at 4-months of age [dissertation]
    • London: Royal College of Nursing Institute,
    • Diggle L. A randomised controlled trial of different needle lengths onthe incidence of local reactions when administering the combinedinjection of diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) and Haemophilusinfluenzae type b (Hib) to infants at 4-months of age [dissertation].London: Royal College of Nursing Institute, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Diggle, L.1
  • 105
    • 0033537873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous versus intramuscularinjection for booster DT vaccination of adolescents
    • Mark A, Carlsson R, Granstrom M.Subcutaneous versus intramuscularinjection for booster DT vaccination of adolescents. Vaccine.1999; 17:2067-72.
    • (1999) Vaccine , vol.17 , pp. 2067-2072
    • Mark, A.1    Carlsson, R.2    Granstrom, M.3
  • 108
    • 0023185342 scopus 로고
    • Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research
    • Freedman B.Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. 1. N Engl JMed.1987; 317:141-145.
    • (1987) 1. N Engl JMed , vol.317 , pp. 141-145
    • Freedman, B.1
  • 109
    • 0025759841 scopus 로고
    • Randomisation: essential for reducing bias
    • Altman DG.Randomisation: essential for reducing bias. BMJ.1991; 302:1481-1482.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.302 , pp. 1481-1482
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 110
    • 12444252181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocation concealment and blinding:when ignorance is bliss
    • Forder PM, Gebski VJ, Keech AC.Allocation concealment and blinding:when ignorance is bliss. Med J Aust.2005; 182:87-89.
    • (2005) Med J Aust , vol.182 , pp. 87-89
    • Forder, P.M.1    Gebski, V.J.2    Keech, A.C.3
  • 111
    • 0032487606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgery and the randomisedcontrolled trial: past, present and future
    • Solomon MJ, McLeod RS.Surgery and the randomisedcontrolled trial: past, present and future. Med J Aust.1998; 169:380-383.
    • (1998) Med J Aust , vol.169 , pp. 380-383
    • Solomon, M.J.1    McLeod, R.S.2
  • 112
    • 9644302576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmarketingsurveillance-lack of vigilance, lack of trust
    • Fontanarosa PB, Rennie D, DeAngelis CD.Postmarketingsurveillance-lack of vigilance, lack of trust. JAMA.2004; 292:2647-2650.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2647-2650
    • Fontanarosa, P.B.1    Rennie, D.2    DeAngelis, C.D.3
  • 113
    • 0028276374 scopus 로고
    • Statistical power, sample size,and their reporting in randomised controlled trials
    • Moher D, Dulberg CS, Wells GA.Statistical power, sample size,and their reporting in randomised controlled trials. JAMA.1994; 272:122-124.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 122-124
    • Moher, D.1    Dulberg, C.S.2    Wells, G.A.3
  • 115
    • 0033546995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is meant by intention to treat analyses?Survey of published randomised controlled trials
    • Hollis S, Campbell F.What is meant by intention to treat analyses?Survey of published randomised controlled trials. BMJ.1999; 319:670-674.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 670-674
    • Hollis, S.1    Campbell, F.2
  • 116
    • 0142260954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of patients in clinicaltrial analysis: the intention-to-treat principle
    • Heritier SR, Gebski VJ, Keech AC.Inclusion of patients in clinicaltrial analysis: the intention-to-treat principle. Med J Aust.2003; 179:438-440.
    • (2003) Med J Aust , vol.179 , pp. 438-440
    • Heritier, S.R.1    Gebski, V.J.2    Keech, A.C.3
  • 117
    • 0033586193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trials stopped early: too good to be true?
    • Pocock S, White I. Trials stopped early: too good to be true? Lancet1999; 353:943-944.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 943-944
    • Pocock, S.1    White, I.2
  • 118
    • 0037108140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the data and safety monitoring committee(DSMC)
    • Wilhelmsen L.Role of the data and safety monitoring committee(DSMC). Stat Med.2002; 21:2823-2829.
    • (2002) Stat Med , vol.21 , pp. 2823-2829
    • Wilhelmsen, L.1
  • 119
    • 0032430615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials and treatment effects monitoring
    • Meinert CL. Clinical trials and treatment effects monitoring.Control Clin Trials 1998; 19:515-522.
    • (1998) Control Clin Trials , vol.19 , pp. 515-522
    • Meinert, C.L.1
  • 120
    • 0026660156 scopus 로고
    • When to stop a clinical trial
    • Pocock SJ.When to stop a clinical trial. BMJ.1992; 305:235-240.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , pp. 235-240
    • Pocock, S.J.1
  • 121
    • 0030738925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to read a paper: Papers that report drug trials
    • Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper: Papers that report drug trials.BMJ 1997; 315:480-483.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 480-483
    • Greenhalgh, T.1
  • 122
    • 0003576014 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials: a practical approach
    • Chichester:John Wiley
    • Pocock SJ. Clinical trials: a practical approach. Chichester:John Wiley, 1983.
    • (1983)
    • Pocock, S.J.1
  • 123
    • 0026416433 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for writing papers
    • Anonymous
    • Anonymous.Guidelines for writing papers. BMJ.1991; 302:40-2.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.302 , pp. 40-42
  • 124
    • 0021202324 scopus 로고
    • A fair trial?
    • Altman DG. A fair trial? BMJ 1984; 289:336-7.
    • (1984) BMJ , vol.289 , pp. 336-337
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 125
    • 0018922950 scopus 로고
    • Possible prevention ofneural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation.
    • Smithells RW, Sheppard S, Schorah CJ, et al. Possible prevention ofneural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation.Lancet 1980;i:339-40.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.i , pp. 339-340
    • Smithells, R.W.1    Sheppard, S.2    Schorah, C.J.3
  • 126
    • 0025967768 scopus 로고
    • Good surveys guide
    • Evans SJW.Good surveys guide. BMJ.1991; 302:302-3.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.302 , pp. 302-303
    • Evans, S.J.W.1
  • 127
    • 0346291391 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on the care of laboratory animals and theiruse for scientific purposes
    • Anonymous, IV. Planning and design of experiments.London: Laboratory Animals Science Association and UniversitiesFederation for Animal Welfare
    • Anonymous. Guidelines on the care of laboratory animals and theiruse for scientific purposes. IV. Planning and design of experiments.London: Laboratory Animals Science Association and UniversitiesFederation for Animal Welfare, 1990.
    • (1990)
  • 128
    • 0025169847 scopus 로고
    • Randomisation and baseline comparisons inclinical trials
    • Altman DG, Doré CJ.Randomisation and baseline comparisons inclinical trials. Lancet.1990; 335:149-53.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 149-153
    • Altman, D.G.1    Doré, C.J.2
  • 129
    • 0024550344 scopus 로고
    • Methodology and overt and hidden bias in reports of196 double-blind trials of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs inrheumatoid arthritis
    • Gotzsche PC.Methodology and overt and hidden bias in reports of196 double-blind trials of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs inrheumatoid arthritis. Controlled Clin Trials.1989; 10:31-56.
    • (1989) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.10 , pp. 31-56
    • Gotzsche, P.C.1
  • 130
    • 0035901579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the CONSORT group
    • The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials:explanation and elaboration
    • Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG, et al, for the CONSORT group.The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials:explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:663-694.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 663-694
    • Moher, D.1    Schulz, K.F.2    Altman, D.G.3
  • 132
    • 0142227644 scopus 로고
    • The application of the principle of intention-totreatto the analysis of clinical trials
    • Basle:Santoz Pharma, September
    • Gillings D, Koch G. The application of the principle of intention-totreatto the analysis of clinical trials. Clinical Research Bulletin. Basle:Santoz Pharma, September, 1990.
    • (1990) Clinical Research Bulletin
    • Gillings, D.1    Koch, G.2
  • 133
    • 0033546995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is meant by intention to treat analysis?Survey of published randomized controlled trials
    • Hollis S, Campbell F.What is meant by intention to treat analysis?Survey of published randomized controlled trials. BMJ.1999; 319:670-674.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 670-674
    • Hollis, S.1    Campbell, F.2
  • 134
    • 0037009452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the sample size in aclinical trial
    • Kirby A, Gebski VJ, Keech AC.Determining the sample size in aclinical trial. Med J Aust.2002; 177:256-257.
    • (2002) Med J Aust , vol.177 , pp. 256-257
    • Kirby, A.1    Gebski, V.J.2    Keech, A.C.3
  • 135
    • 0018640322 scopus 로고
    • Controversy in counting and attributing eventsin clinical trials
    • Sackett D, Gent M.Controversy in counting and attributing eventsin clinical trials. N Engl J Med.1979; 301:1410-1412.
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.301 , pp. 1410-1412
    • Sackett, D.1    Gent, M.2
  • 136
    • 0017042882 scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis ofrandomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation ofeach patient
    • Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, et al.Design and analysis ofrandomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation ofeach patient. Br J Cancer.1976; 34:585-612.
    • (1976) Br J Cancer , vol.34 , pp. 585-612
    • Peto, R.1    Pike, M.C.2    Armitage, P.3
  • 137
    • 0003349279 scopus 로고
    • Losses to follow-up and withdrawals inclinical trials
    • In: Shapiro SH, Louis TA, editors, New York: Marcel Dekker
    • Armitage P. Exclusions, losses to follow-up and withdrawals inclinical trials. In: Shapiro SH, Louis TA, editors. Clinical trials.New York: Marcel Dekker, 1983.
    • (1983) Clinical trials
    • Armitage, P.E.1
  • 138
    • 0021818101 scopus 로고
    • Eligibility, exclusions, losses to follow-up, removal ofrandomised patients and uncounted events in cancer clinical trials
    • Gail MH. Eligibility, exclusions, losses to follow-up, removal ofrandomised patients and uncounted events in cancer clinical trials.Cancer Treat Rep 1985; 69:1107-1113.
    • (1985) Cancer Treat Rep , vol.69 , pp. 1107-1113
    • Gail, M.H.1
  • 139
    • 0037421984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of aspirin toprevent colorectal adenomas in patients with previous colorectalcancer
    • Sandler R, Halabi S, Baron J, et al.A randomized trial of aspirin toprevent colorectal adenomas in patients with previous colorectalcancer. N Engl J Med.2003; 348:883-890.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 883-890
    • Sandler, R.1    Halabi, S.2    Baron, J.3
  • 140
    • 0141560471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised trial ofhip protector use by frail older women living in their own homes
    • Cameron ID, Cumming RG, Kurrle SE, et al. A randomised trial ofhip protector use by frail older women living in their own homes.Injury Prevention 2003; 9:138-141.
    • (2003) Injury Prevention , vol.9 , pp. 138-141
    • Cameron, I.D.1    Cumming, R.G.2    Kurrle, S.E.3
  • 141
    • 0037425253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow of participants in randomisedstudies
    • Cakir B, Gebski V, Keech AC.Flow of participants in randomisedstudies. Med J Aust.2003; 718:347-349.
    • (2003) Med J Aust , vol.718 , pp. 347-349
    • Cakir, B.1    Gebski, V.2    Keech, A.C.3
  • 142
    • 26944463905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard deviations and standard errors
    • Altman DG, Bland JM. Standard deviations and standard errors. BMJ 2005;331:903.
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.331 , pp. 903
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2
  • 143
    • 84970860170 scopus 로고
    • The normal distribution
    • Altman DG, Bland JM. The normal distribution. BMJ 1995;310:298.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 298
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2
  • 144
    • 85007669243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of transformation when comparingtwo means.
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. The use of transformation when comparingtwo means. BMJ 1996;312:1153.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 1153
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 145
    • 84889274561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deviations from the assumptions of t methods
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Bland JM. Deviations from the assumptions of t methods. In: An introduction to medical statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996; pp 165-166.
    • (1996) An introduction to medical statistics , pp. 165-166
    • Bland, J.M.1
  • 147
    • 11944272254 scopus 로고
    • A power primer
    • Cohen, J.A power primer. Psych Bull.1992; 112:155-159.
    • (1992) Psych Bull , vol.112 , pp. 155-159
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 148
    • 0035686381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to hypothesis testing
    • Parametriccomparison of two groups-1
    • Driscoll P, Lecky F.An introduction to hypothesis testing. Parametriccomparison of two groups-1. Emerg Med J.2001; 18:124-30.
    • (2001) Emerg Med J , vol.18 , pp. 124-130
    • Driscoll, P.1    Lecky, F.2
  • 149
    • 0033708679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to estimation-1.Starting from z
    • Driscoll P, Lecky F, Crosby M.An introduction to estimation-1.Starting from z. J Accid Emerg Med.2000; 17:409-15.
    • (2000) J Accid Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 409-415
    • Driscoll, P.1    Lecky, F.2    Crosby, M.3
  • 150
    • 0035686124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to estimation-2
    • From z to t
    • Driscoll P, Lecky F.An introduction to estimation-2. From z to t.Emerg Med J.2001; 18:65-70.
    • (2001) Emerg Med J , vol.18 , pp. 65-70
    • Driscoll, P.1    Lecky, F.2
  • 154
    • 0033433946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of hydroxyethylstarch versus gelatine for trauma resuscitation
    • Allison K, Gosling P, Jones S, et al.Randomised trial of hydroxyethylstarch versus gelatine for trauma resuscitation. J Trauma.1999; 47:1114-21.
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.47 , pp. 1114-1121
    • Allison, K.1    Gosling, P.2    Jones, S.3
  • 155
    • 0032910028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective single blinded randomised controlledtrial of two orally administered activated charcoal preparations
    • Boyd R, Hanson J. Prospective single blinded randomised controlledtrial of two orally administered activated charcoal preparations.J Accid Emerg Med 1999; 16:24-5.
    • (1999) J Accid Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 24-25
    • Boyd, R.1    Hanson, J.2
  • 156
    • 0029913414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forced air speeds rewarming inaccidental hypothermia
    • Steele M, Nelson M, Sessier D, et al.Forced air speeds rewarming inaccidental hypothermia. J Trauma.1996; 27:479-84.
    • (1996) J Trauma , vol.27 , pp. 479-484
    • Steele, M.1    Nelson, M.2    Sessier, D.3
  • 157
  • 158
    • 0003497479 scopus 로고
    • An introduction to medical statistics
    • Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press
    • Bland M.An introduction to medical statistics. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 1987.
    • (1987)
    • Bland, M.1
  • 159
    • 0025284563 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to biostatistics: Part 4,statistical inference techniques in hypothesis testing
    • Gaddis G, Gaddis M. Introduction to biostatistics: Part 4,statistical inference techniques in hypothesis testing. Ann EmergMed.1990; 19:820-5.
    • (1990) Ann EmergMed , vol.19 , pp. 820-825
    • Gaddis, G.1    Gaddis, M.2
  • 160
    • 0001777452 scopus 로고
    • Calculating confidence intervals for meansand their differences
    • London: BMJPublications
    • Gardner M, Altman D. Calculating confidence intervals for meansand their differences. In: Statistics with confidence. London: BMJPublications, 1989:20-7.
    • (1989) Statistics with confidence , pp. 20-27
    • Gardner, M.1    Altman, D.2
  • 161
    • 84889407571 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis testing
    • Baltimore:Williams and Wilkins
    • Glaser A. Hypothesis testing In: High yield biostatistics. Baltimore:Williams and Wilkins, 1995:31-46.
    • (1995) High yield biostatistics , pp. 31-46
    • Glaser, A.1
  • 162
    • 84889444060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difference between means
    • 4th ed. New York: Wiley
    • Koosis D. Difference between means. In: Statistics-a self teachingguide. 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 1997:127-52.
    • (1997) Statistics-a self teachingguide , pp. 127-152
    • Koosis, D.1
  • 163
    • 84889376187 scopus 로고
    • The t test
    • London: BMJPublications
    • Swincow T. The t test. In: Statistics from square one. London: BMJPublications, 1983:33-42.
    • (1983) Statistics from square one , pp. 33-42
    • Swincow, T.1
  • 164
    • 0033992410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economiconomic burden of back pain in theUK
    • Maniadakis N, Gray A.The economiconomic burden of back pain in theUK. Pain.2000; 84:95-103.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.84 , pp. 95-103
    • Maniadakis, N.1    Gray, A.2
  • 165
    • 84889284728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health information, ABC of health, back pain, BUPA, accessed8 Apr 2005
    • BUPA. Health information, ABC of health, back pain. http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/mosby_factsheets/backpain.html (accessed8 Apr 2005).
  • 166
    • 0035581162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2001 Volvo awardwinner in clinical studies: lumbar fusion versus nonsurgicaltreatment for chronic low back pain. A multicenter randomizedcontrolled trial from the Swedish lumbar spine group
    • Fritzell P, Hägg P, Wessburg P, Nordwall A.2001 Volvo awardwinner in clinical studies: lumbar fusion versus nonsurgicaltreatment for chronic low back pain. A multicenter randomizedcontrolled trial from the Swedish lumbar spine group. Spine.2001; 26:2521-34.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , pp. 2521-2534
    • Fritzell, P.1    Hägg, P.2    Wessburg, P.3    Nordwall, A.4
  • 167
    • 0343628699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgery versus conservative management inadult isthmic spondylolisthesis-a prospective randomized study:part 1
    • Moller H, Hedlund R.Surgery versus conservative management inadult isthmic spondylolisthesis-a prospective randomized study:part 1. Spine.2000; 25:1711-5.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 1711-1715
    • Moller, H.1    Hedlund, R.2
  • 168
    • 10744225577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of lumbar instrumented fusion andcognitive intervention and exercises in patients with chronic lowback pain and disc degeneration
    • Brox JI, Sorensen R, Friis A, Nygaard O, Indahl A, Keller A, et al.Randomized clinical trial of lumbar instrumented fusion andcognitive intervention and exercises in patients with chronic lowback pain and disc degeneration. Spine 2003; 28:1913-21.
    • (2003) Spine , vol.28 , pp. 1913-1921
    • Brox, J.I.1    Sorensen, R.2    Friis, A.3    Nygaard, O.4    Indahl, A.5    Keller, A.6
  • 169
    • 20344381587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the Spine Stabilisation Trial Group.
    • The MRCspine stabilisation trial: a randomised controlled trial to comparesurgical stabilisation of the lumbar spine versus an intensiverehabilitation programme for patients with chronic low back pain, in press, May 28 issue
    • Fairbank J, Frost H, Wilson-MacDonald J, Yu L, Barker K,Collins R, for the Spine Stabilisation Trial Group. The MRCspine stabilisation trial: a randomised controlled trial to comparesurgical stabilisation of the lumbar spine versus an intensiverehabilitation programme for patients with chronic low back pain.BMJ 2005;330: (in press, May 28 issue).
    • (2005) BMJ , pp. 330
    • Fairbank, J.1    Frost, H.2    Wilson-MacDonald, J.3    Yu, L.4    Barker, K.5    Collins, R.6
  • 171
    • 0034669555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Oswestry disability index
    • Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB.The Oswestry disability index. Spine.2000; 25:2940-52.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 2940-2952
    • Fairbank, J.C.1    Pynsent, P.B.2
  • 172
    • 0025688231 scopus 로고
    • EuroQol-a new facility for the measurement ofhealth-related quality of life
    • EuroQol Group
    • EuroQol Group.EuroQol-a new facility for the measurement ofhealth-related quality of life. Health Policy.1990; 16:199-208.
    • (1990) Health Policy , vol.16 , pp. 199-208
  • 173
    • 0003462471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unit costs of health and social care
    • Canterbury:Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent
    • Netten A, Curtis L. Unit costs of health and social care. Canterbury:Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent, 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Netten, A.1    Curtis, L.2
  • 174
    • 0037121382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre aneurysm screening study (MASS):cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for abdominal aorticaneurysms based on four year results from a randomizedcontrolled trial
    • MASS Group
    • MASS Group.Multicentre aneurysm screening study (MASS):cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for abdominal aorticaneurysms based on four year results from a randomizedcontrolled trial. BMJ.2002; 325:1135-41.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 1135-1141
  • 175
    • 0026687031 scopus 로고
    • The cost of anaesthetic vapours
    • Dion P. The cost of anaesthetic vapours. Can J Anaesthesia 1992;39:633.
    • (1992) Can J Anaesthesia , vol.39 , pp. 633
    • Dion, P.1
  • 176
    • 0003517520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The healthservice financial database and comparative tool
    • Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy, Croydon: Instituteof Public Finance
    • Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy. The healthservice financial database and comparative tool. Croydon: Instituteof Public Finance, 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 177
    • 84889418210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National average specialtytreatment and hotel costs
    • Mallender Hancock Associates (MHA), London: Department of Health
    • Mallender Hancock Associates (MHA). National average specialtytreatment and hotel costs. London: Department of Health, 4.
  • 178
    • 84889427045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost book
    • Information Services Division NHS Scotland, accessed 1 Jul 2004
    • Information Services Division NHS Scotland. The cost book 2003.www.isdscotland.org/isd/info3.jsp?p_service=Content.show&pContentID=360&p_applic=CCC& (accessed 1 Jul 2004).
    • (2003)
  • 179
    • 28844457054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NHS reference costs 2003
    • Department of Health, Wetherby:DoH
    • Department of Health. NHS reference costs 2003. Wetherby:DoH, 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 180
    • 13844295093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of pay: results of the 2003 new earningssurvey
    • In: Labour Market Trends. Newport, Wales: Office forNational Statistics
    • Bulman J. Patterns of pay: results of the 2003 new earningssurvey. In: Labour Market Trends. Newport, Wales: Office forNational Statistics, 2003:601-12.
    • (2003) , pp. 601-612
    • Bulman, J.1
  • 181
    • 0030102792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time trade-offmethod: results from a general population study
    • Dolan P, Gudex C, Kind P, Williams A.The time trade-offmethod: results from a general population study. Health Econ.1996; 5:141-54.
    • (1996) Health Econ , vol.5 , pp. 141-154
    • Dolan, P.1    Gudex, C.2    Kind, P.3    Williams, A.4
  • 182
    • 0038048569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treasury.Green book, appraisal and evaluationin central government
    • London: Stationery Office
    • Great Britain H.M. Treasury. Green book, appraisal and evaluationin central government. London: Stationery Office, 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Great, B.H.M.1
  • 183
    • 0033616909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple imputation ofmissing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis
    • Van Buuren S, Boshuizen H, Knook D.Multiple imputation ofmissing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis. Stat Med.2000; 18:681-94.
    • (2000) Stat Med , vol.18 , pp. 681-694
    • Van Buuren, S.1    Boshuizen, H.2    Knook, D.3
  • 184
    • 0030853766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulling cost-effectivenessanalysis up by its bootstraps: a non-parametric approach to confi-dence interval estimation
    • Briggs AH, Wonderling DE, Mooney CZ.Pulling cost-effectivenessanalysis up by its bootstraps: a non-parametric approach to confi-dence interval estimation. Health Econ.1997; 6:327-40.
    • (1997) Health Econ , vol.6 , pp. 327-340
    • Briggs, A.H.1    Wonderling, D.E.2    Mooney, C.Z.3
  • 185
    • 0028509556 scopus 로고
    • Costs, effects and theC/E ratios alongside a clinical trial
    • Van Hout BA, Al MJ, Gordon GS, Rutten FF.Costs, effects and theC/E ratios alongside a clinical trial. Health Econ.1994; 3:309-19.
    • (1994) Health Econ , vol.3 , pp. 309-319
    • Van Hout, B.A.1    Al, M.J.2    Gordon, G.S.3    Rutten, F.F.4
  • 186
    • 3542998742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute for Clinical Excellenceand its value judgments
    • Rawlins MD, Culyer AJ.National Institute for Clinical Excellenceand its value judgments. BMJ.2004; 329:224-7.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.329 , pp. 224-227
    • Rawlins, M.D.1    Culyer, A.J.2
  • 187
    • 10744221961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectivenessof lumbar fusion and nonsurgical treatment for chronic lowback pain in the Swedish lumbar spine study: a multicenter,randomized, controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar SpineStudy Group
    • Fritzell P, Hagg O, Jonsson D, Nordwall A.Cost-effectivenessof lumbar fusion and nonsurgical treatment for chronic lowback pain in the Swedish lumbar spine study: a multicenter,randomized, controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar SpineStudy Group. Spine.2004; 29:421-34.
    • (2004) Spine , vol.29 , pp. 421-434
    • Fritzell, P.1    Hagg, O.2    Jonsson, D.3    Nordwall, A.4
  • 188
    • 0036570909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relativecost-effectiveness of extensive and light multidisciplinarytreatment programs versus treatment as usual for patients withchronic low back pain on long term sick leave: randomizedcontrolled study
    • Skouen JS, Gradsal AL, Haldorsen EM, Ursin H.Relativecost-effectiveness of extensive and light multidisciplinarytreatment programs versus treatment as usual for patients withchronic low back pain on long term sick leave: randomizedcontrolled study. Spine.2002; 27:901-9.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 901-909
    • Skouen, J.S.1    Gradsal, A.L.2    Haldorsen, E.M.3    Ursin, H.4
  • 189
    • 0034194420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of fusion with and without instrumentationfor patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinalstenosis
    • Kuntz KM, Snider RK, Weinstein JN, Pope MH, Katz JN.Cost-effectiveness of fusion with and without instrumentationfor patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinalstenosis. Spine 2000; 25:1132-9.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 1132-1139
    • Kuntz, K.M.1    Snider, R.K.2    Weinstein, J.N.3    Pope, M.H.4    Katz, J.N.5
  • 190
    • 0003577917 scopus 로고
    • Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
    • 2nd ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.)Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988; pp 75-108.
    • (1988) , pp. 75-108
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 191
    • 0038287894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation and simple linearregression
    • Zou KH, Tuncali K, Silverman SG.Correlation and simple linearregression. Radiology.2003; 227:617-628.
    • (2003) Radiology , vol.227 , pp. 617-628
    • Zou, K.H.1    Tuncali, K.2    Silverman, S.G.3
  • 192
    • 84889420268 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of correlation
    • London: Chapman & Hall
    • Altman DG. Interpretation of correlation. In: Practical statistics formedical research. London: Chapman & Hall, 1991; pp 296-299.
    • (1991) Practical statistics formedical research , pp. 296-299
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 193
    • 0029975750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement error and correlationcoefficients
    • Bland JM, Altman DG.Measurement error and correlationcoefficients. BMJ.1996; 313:41-42.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 41-42
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 194
    • 84987441176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression and correlation
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Bland JM. Regression and correlation. In: An introduction to medicalstatistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996; pp 180-504.
    • (1996) An introduction to medicalstatistics , pp. 180-504
    • Bland, J.M.1
  • 196
    • 0031440795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that affectnormal lung function in white Australian adults
    • Belousova EG, Haby MM, Xuan W, Peat JK.Factors that affectnormal lung function in white Australian adults. Chest.1997; 112:1539-1546.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.112 , pp. 1539-1546
    • Belousova, E.G.1    Haby, M.M.2    Xuan, W.3    Peat, J.K.4
  • 197
    • 0029975750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement error and correlationcoefficients
    • Bland JM and Altman DG.Measurement error and correlationcoefficients. BMJ.1996; 313:41-42.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 41-42
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 198
    • 0003431468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied regressionanalysis and other multivariable methods
    • Duxbury Press
    • Kleinbaum DJ, Kupper LL, Muller KE, Nizam A. Applied regressionanalysis and other multivariable methods. Duxbury Press., 1998.
    • (1998)
    • Kleinbaum, D.J.1    Kupper, L.L.2    Muller, K.E.3    Nizam, A.4
  • 199
    • 0030754054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of gender, ethnicity, body composition, and fatdistribution on serum leptin concentrations in children
    • Nagy TR, Gower BA, Trowbridge CA, Dezenberg C, Shewchuk RM,Goran MI.Effects of gender, ethnicity, body composition, and fatdistribution on serum leptin concentrations in children. J Clin EndoMet.1997; 82:2148-2152.
    • (1997) J Clin EndoMet , vol.82 , pp. 2148-2152
    • Nagy, T.R.1    Gower, B.A.2    Trowbridge, C.A.3    Dezenberg, C.4    Shewchuk, R.M.5    Goran, M.I.6
  • 200
    • 85047700454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pubertal alterations in growth and body composition
    • VI. Pubertal insulin resistance: relation to adiposity, body fatdistribution and hormone release.
    • Roemmich JN, Clark PA, Lusk M, Friel A, Weltman A, Epstein LH,Rogol AD. Pubertal alterations in growth and body composition.VI. Pubertal insulin resistance: relation to adiposity, body fatdistribution and hormone release. Int J Obes 2002; 26: 701-709
    • (2002) Int J Obes , vol.26 , pp. 701-709
    • Roemmich, J.N.1    Clark, P.A.2    Lusk, M.3    Friel, A.4    Weltman, A.5    Epstein, L.H.6    Rogol, A.D.7
  • 201
    • 0030934881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity ofquantitative determination of pancreatic elastase in feces ofchildren
    • Soldan W, Henker J, Sprossig C.Sensitivity and specificity of quantitative determination of pancreatic elastase in feces ofchildren. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.1997; 24:53-5.
    • (1997) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.24 , pp. 53-55
    • Soldan, W.1    Henker, J.2    Sprossig, C.3
  • 202
    • 84889376392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic Elastase in feces of pretermand term born infants up to 12 months without insuffisiancy ofexocrine pancreatic function [abstract]
    • 21st European Cystic FibrosisConference, Davos (Switzerland), June 1-6
    • Von Seebach K, Henker J. Pancreatic Elastase in feces of pretermand term born infants up to 12 months without insuffisiancy ofexocrine pancreatic function [abstract]. 21st European Cystic FibrosisConference, Davos (Switzerland), June 1-6, 1997.
    • (1997)
    • Von Seebach, K.1    Henker, J.2
  • 203
    • 0035066667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation de la fonctionpancréatique exocrine du nouveau-né à terme et du prématuré aucours de la première semaine de vie par le dosage de l'élastase 1fécale
    • Campeotto F, Kapel N, Kalach N, et al.Evaluation de la fonctionpancréatique exocrine du nouveau-né à terme et du prématuré aucours de la première semaine de vie par le dosage de l'élastase 1fécale. Arch Pediatr.2001; 8:445-6.
    • (2001) Arch Pediatr , vol.8 , pp. 445-446
    • Campeotto, F.1    Kapel, N.2    Kalach, N.3
  • 204
    • 0034645737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic elastase in stool:variations within one stool passage and individual changes from dayto day
    • Hamwi A, Veitl M, Maenner G, et al.Pancreatic elastase in stool:variations within one stool passage and individual changes from dayto day. Wien Klin Wochenschr.2000; 112:32-5.
    • (2000) Wien Klin Wochenschr , vol.112 , pp. 32-35
    • Hamwi, A.1    Veitl, M.2    Maenner, G.3
  • 205
    • 0000479721 scopus 로고
    • Human pancreatic elastase1 concentrations in faeces of healthy children and children withcystic fibrosis
    • Terbrack HG, Gurtler KH, Klor HU, et al. Human pancreatic elastase1 concentrations in faeces of healthy children and children withcystic fibrosis. Gut 1995;37:(SUPPL 2):A253.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.37 , Issue.2 SUPPL
    • Terbrack, H.G.1    Gurtler, K.H.2    Klor, H.U.3
  • 206
    • 0033626506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faecal elastase-1: clinical value in the assessment ofexocrine pancreatic function in children
    • Walkowiak J.Faecal elastase-1: clinical value in the assessment ofexocrine pancreatic function in children. Eur J Pediatr.2000; 159:869-70.
    • (2000) Eur J Pediatr , vol.159 , pp. 869-870
    • Walkowiak, J.1
  • 207
    • 0034083134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal enteral nutrientrequirements for intestinal growth in neonatal piglets: how much isenough?
    • Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jiang R, et al. Minimal enteral nutrientrequirements for intestinal growth in neonatal piglets: how much isenough? Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:1603-10.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71 , pp. 1603-1610
    • Burrin, D.G.1    Stoll, B.2    Jiang, R.3
  • 208
    • 0033193435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early aggressive nutrition in the neonate
    • Thureen PJ. Early aggressive nutrition in the neonate. Pediatrics inReview 1999;20:e45-55.
    • (1999) Pediatrics inReview , vol.20
    • Thureen, P.J.1
  • 209
    • 0042377298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial ofsustained release morphine for the management of refractorydyspnoea
    • Abernethy AP, Currow DC, Frith P, Fazekas BS, McHugh A, Bui C.Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial ofsustained release morphine for the management of refractorydyspnoea. BMJ 2003; 327:523-528.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 523-528
    • Abernethy, A.P.1    Currow, D.C.2    Frith, P.3    Fazekas, B.S.4    McHugh, A.5    Bui, C.6
  • 210
    • 7144263744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding controlled trials: Crossovertrials
    • Sibbald B, Roberts C.Understanding controlled trials: Crossovertrials. BMJ.1998; 316:1719-1720.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.316 , pp. 1719-1720
    • Sibbald, B.1    Roberts, C.2
  • 211
    • 0025169847 scopus 로고
    • Randomisation and baseline comparisons inclinical trials
    • Altman DG, Dore CJ.Randomisation and baseline comparisons inclinical trials. Lancet.1990; 335:149-153.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 149-153
    • Altman, D.G.1    Dore, C.J.2
  • 212
    • 0035841813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing controlled trials with baseline andfollow up measurements
    • Vickers AJ, Altman DG.Analysing controlled trials with baseline andfollow up measurements. BMJ.2001; 323:1123-1124.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 1123-1124
    • Vickers, A.J.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 213
    • 84970857770 scopus 로고
    • Regression towards the mean
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. Regression towards the mean. BMJ 1994;308:1499.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 1499
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 214
    • 0033578116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding controlled trials: Baselineimbalance in randomised controlled trials.
    • Roberts C, Torgerson DJ. Understanding controlled trials: Baselineimbalance in randomised controlled trials. BMJ 1999;319:185.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 185
    • Roberts, C.1    Torgerson, D.J.2
  • 215
    • 0035008090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conundrum in the analysis of change
    • Fitzmaurice G. A conundrum in the analysis of change. Nutrition 2001;17:360-361.
    • (2001) Nutrition , vol.17 , pp. 360-361
    • Fitzmaurice, G.1
  • 216
    • 84970857770 scopus 로고
    • Regression towards the mean.
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. Regression towards the mean. BMJ1994;308:1499.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 1499
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 217
    • 84970851084 scopus 로고
    • Some examples of regression towards themean
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. Some examples of regression towards themean. BMJ 1994;309:780.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 780
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 218
    • 0026195787 scopus 로고
    • Baseline comparisons in randomized clinical trials
    • Senn S.Baseline comparisons in randomized clinical trials. Stat Med.1991; 10:1157-9.
    • (1991) Stat Med , vol.10 , pp. 1157-1159
    • Senn, S.1
  • 219
    • 0032880165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised clinical trial comparing the effects of acupunctureand a newly designed placebo needle in rotator cuff tendonitis
    • Kleinhenz J, Streitberger K, Windeler J, Gussbacher A, Mavridis G,Martin E. Randomised clinical trial comparing the effects of acupunctureand a newly designed placebo needle in rotator cuff tendonitis.Pain 1999; 83:235-41.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.83 , pp. 235-241
    • Kleinhenz, J.1    Streitberger, K.2    Windeler, J.3    Gussbacher, A.4    Mavridis, G.5    Martin, E.6
  • 220
    • 0002997369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression and correlation
    • Altman DG, Machin D, Bryant TN, Gardner MJ, eds., 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books
    • Altman DG, Gardner MJ. Regression and correlation. In:Altman DG, Machin D, Bryant TN, Gardner MJ, eds. Statisticswith confidence. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books, 2000:73-92.
    • (2000) Confidence. , pp. 73-92
    • Altman, D.G.1    Gardner, M.J.2
  • 221
    • 3142543163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcomein a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: a simulationstudy
    • Vickers AJ. The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcomein a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: a simulationstudy. BMC Med Res Methodol 2001;1:16.
    • (2001) BMC Med Res Methodol , vol.1 , pp. 16
    • Vickers, A.J.1
  • 222
    • 3042537166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to randomise
    • Altman DG, Bland JM.How to randomise. BMJ.1999; 319:703-4.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 703-704
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2
  • 223
    • 85007669243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of transformation when comparingtwo means
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. The use of transformation when comparingtwo means. BMJ 1996;312:1153.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 1153
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 224
    • 0029563868 scopus 로고
    • Lumbar spinal fusion: surgical rates, costs, and complications
    • Katz J. Lumbar spinal fusion: surgical rates, costs, and complications.Spine 1995;20:78S-83S.
    • (1995) Spine , vol.20
    • Katz, J.1
  • 225
    • 84889404814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital episode statistics,1998-2003.
    • Department of Health (England), London: DoH
    • Department of Health (England). Hospital episode statistics,1998-2003. London: DoH, 1998-2003.
    • (1998)
  • 226
    • 0028358135 scopus 로고
    • An internationalcomparison of back surgery rates
    • Cherkin D, Deyo R, Loeser J, Bush T, Waddell G.An internationalcomparison of back surgery rates. Spine.1994; 19:1201-6.
    • (1994) Spine , vol.19 , pp. 1201-1206
    • Cherkin, D.1    Deyo, R.2    Loeser, J.3    Bush, T.4    Waddell, G.5
  • 227
    • 20344382118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Statestrends in lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative conditions
    • in press
    • Deyo RA, Gray DT, Kreuter W, Mirza S, Martin, BI. United Statestrends in lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative conditions. Spine 2005 (in press).
    • (2005) Spine
    • Deyo, R.A.1    Gray, D.T.2    Kreuter, W.3    Mirza, S.4    Martin, B.I.5
  • 228
    • 0033200352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cochrane review of surgery forlumbar disc prolapse and degenerative lumbar spondylosis
    • Gibson J, Grant I, Waddell G.The Cochrane review of surgery forlumbar disc prolapse and degenerative lumbar spondylosis. Spine.1999; 24:1820-32.
    • (1999) Spine , vol.24 , pp. 1820-1832
    • Gibson, J.1    Grant, I.2    Waddell, G.3
  • 229
    • 0022095480 scopus 로고
    • Objective assessment of spinefunction following industrial injury. A prospective studywith comparison group and one year follow up
    • Mayer T, Gatchel R, Kishino N.Objective assessment of spinefunction following industrial injury. A prospective studywith comparison group and one year follow up. Spine.1985; 10:482-93.
    • (1985) Spine , vol.10 , pp. 482-493
    • Mayer, T.1    Gatchel, R.2    Kishino, N.3
  • 230
    • 0026577987 scopus 로고
    • The effect of graded activity onpatients with sub acute low back pain: A randomised prospectiveclinical study with an operant conditioning behavioural approach
    • Lindstrom I, Ohlund C, Eek C. The effect of graded activity onpatients with sub acute low back pain: A randomised prospectiveclinical study with an operant conditioning behavioural approach.Phys Ther 1992; 72:279-93.
    • (1992) Phys Ther , vol.72 , pp. 279-293
    • Lindstrom, I.1    Ohlund, C.2    Eek, C.3
  • 231
  • 232
    • 20344390972 scopus 로고
    • Health technology (SGHT) report
    • NHS Standing Group., London:Department of Health
    • NHS Standing Group. Health technology (SGHT) report. London:Department of Health, 1994.
    • (1994)
  • 234
    • 0034706254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For and against: clinicalequipoise and not the uncertainty principle is the moral underpinningof the randomised controlled trial
    • Weijer C, Shapiro S, Cranley Glass K.For and against: clinicalequipoise and not the uncertainty principle is the moral underpinningof the randomised controlled trial. BMJ.2000; 321:756-8.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 756-758
    • Weijer, C.1    Shapiro, S.2    Cranley Glass, K.3
  • 235
    • 0034669555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Oswestry Disability Index
    • Fairbank J, Pynsent P.The Oswestry Disability Index. Spine.2000; 25:2940-53.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 2940-2953
    • Fairbank, J.1    Pynsent, P.2
  • 236
    • 0034671285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Roland-Morris disability questionnaireand the Oswestry disability questionnaire
    • Roland M, Fairbank J.The Roland-Morris disability questionnaireand the Oswestry disability questionnaire. Spine.2000; 25:3115-24.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 3115-3124
    • Roland, M.1    Fairbank, J.2
  • 237
    • 0038522384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and responsivenessof the shuttle walking test in patients with chronic low back pain
    • Taylor S, Frost H, Taylor A, Barker K. Reliability and responsivenessof the shuttle walking test in patients with chronic low back pain.Physiother Res Int 2001; 6:170-8.
    • (2001) Physiother Res Int , vol.6 , pp. 170-178
    • Taylor, S.1    Frost, H.2    Taylor, A.3    Barker, K.4
  • 238
    • 0033830380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional restoration programmefor chronic low back pain: a prospective outcome study
    • Frost H, Lamb S, Shackleton C. A functional restoration programmefor chronic low back pain: a prospective outcome study.Physiotherapy 2000; 86:285-93.
    • (2000) Physiotherapy , vol.86 , pp. 285-293
    • Frost, H.1    Lamb, S.2    Shackleton, C.3
  • 239
    • 0036121757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reliability of the shuttle walkingtest, the Swiss spinal stenosis questionnaire, the Oxford spinalstenosis Score, and the Oswestry disability index in the assessmentof patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
    • Pratt R, Fairbank J, Virr A.The reliability of the shuttle walkingtest, the Swiss spinal stenosis questionnaire, the Oxford spinalstenosis Score, and the Oswestry disability index in the assessmentof patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine.2002; 27:84-91.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 84-91
    • Pratt, R.1    Fairbank, J.2    Virr, A.3
  • 240
    • 0026689201 scopus 로고
    • The distressand risk assessment method: A simple patient classificationto identify distress and evaluate the risk of poor outcome
    • Main CJ, Wood PLR, Hollis S, Spanswick CC, Waddell G.The distressand risk assessment method: A simple patient classificationto identify distress and evaluate the risk of poor outcome. Spine.1992; 17:42-52.
    • (1992) Spine , vol.17 , pp. 42-52
    • Main, C.J.1    Wood, P.L.R.2    Hollis, S.3    Spanswick, C.C.4    Waddell, G.5
  • 241
    • 20344370565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple imputation of missing values
    • Royston P.Multiple imputation of missing values. Stata J.2004; 4:227-41.
    • (2004) Stata J , vol.4 , pp. 227-241
    • Royston, P.1
  • 242
    • 0343628699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgery versus conservative treatment inadult isthmic spondylolisthesis. A prospective randomized studypart 1
    • Möller H, Hedlund R.Surgery versus conservative treatment inadult isthmic spondylolisthesis. A prospective randomized studypart 1. Spine.2000; 25:1171-5.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 1171-1175
    • Möller, H.1    Hedlund, R.2
  • 243
    • 0036605458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronicback pain and fusion: a comparison of three surgical techniques:a prospective multicentre randomized study from the SwedishLumbar Spine Study Group
    • Fritzell P, Hagg O, Wessburg P, Nordwall A, Group SLSS.Chronicback pain and fusion: a comparison of three surgical techniques:a prospective multicentre randomized study from the SwedishLumbar Spine Study Group. Spine.2002; 27:1131-41.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 1131-1141
    • Fritzell, P.1    Hagg, O.2    Wessburg, P.3    Nordwall, A.4    Group, S.L.S.S.5
  • 244
    • 10744225577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of lumbar instrumented fusion and cognitiveintervention and exercises in patients with chronic low backpain and disc degeneration
    • Brox J, Sørensen R, Friis A, Nygaard Ø, Indahl A, Keller A, et al.Randomized clinical trial of lumbar instrumented fusion and cognitiveintervention and exercises in patients with chronic low backpain and disc degeneration. Spine 2003; 28:1913-21.
    • (2003) Spine , vol.28 , pp. 1913-1921
    • Brox, J.1    Sørensen, R.2    Friis, A.3    Nygaard, O.4    Indahl, A.5    Keller, A.6
  • 245
    • 3242879664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicalconditioning programs for workers with back and neck pain: aCochrane systematic review
    • Schonstein E, Kenny D, Keating J, Koes B, Herbert R. Physicalconditioning programs for workers with back and neck pain: aCochrane systematic review. Spine 2003;28(19):E391-5.
    • (2003) Spine , vol.28 , Issue.19
    • Schonstein, E.1    Kenny, D.2    Keating, J.3    Koes, B.4    Herbert, R.5
  • 246
    • 0346094289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and chronic low back pain:what works?
    • Liddle S, Baxter G, Gracey J. Exercise and chronic low back pain:what works? Pain 2004; 107:176-90.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.107 , pp. 176-190
    • Liddle, S.1    Baxter, G.2    Gracey, J.3
  • 247
    • 20344379030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European guidelines for the managementof low back pain.
    • European Commission Rersearch Directorate General, COST B13Management Committee, accessed 17May 2005
    • European Commission Rersearch Directorate General. COST B13Management Committee. European guidelines for the managementof low back pain. www.backpaineurope.org, 2005 (accessed 17May 2005).
    • (2005)
  • 248
    • 0345269935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of outcomein fusion surgery for chronic low back pain
    • A report from theSwedish lumbar spine study
    • Hägg O, Fritzell P, Elkselius L, Nordwall A.Predictors of outcomein fusion surgery for chronic low back pain. A report from theSwedish lumbar spine study. Eur Spine J.2003; 12:22-33.
    • (2003) Eur Spine J , vol.12 , pp. 22-33
    • Hägg, O.1    Fritzell, P.2    Elkselius, L.3    Nordwall, A.4
  • 249
    • 0033200333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responsiveness of c ommon outcomemeasures for patients with low back pain
    • Taylor S, Taylor A, Foy M, Fogg A.Responsiveness of c ommon outcomemeasures for patients with low back pain. Spine.1999; 24:1805-12.
    • (1999) Spine , vol.24 , pp. 1805-1812
    • Taylor, S.1    Taylor, A.2    Foy, M.3    Fogg, A.4
  • 250
    • 0037062129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival plots of timeto-event outcomes in clinical trials: good practice and pitfalls
    • Pocock SJ, Clayton TC, Altman DG.Survival plots of timeto-event outcomes in clinical trials: good practice and pitfalls. Lancet.2002; 359:1686-1689.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1686-1689
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Clayton, T.C.2    Altman, D.G.3
  • 251
    • 0032528710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics notes: Time to event (survival) data
    • Altman DG, Bland JM. Statistics notes: Time to event (survival) data.BMJ 1998; 317:468-469.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 468-469
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2
  • 252
    • 33646842210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics notes: Survival probabilities(the Kaplan-Meier method)
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistics notes: Survival probabilities(the Kaplan-Meier method). BMJ 1998;317:1572.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 1572
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 253
    • 34250330967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival analyses. Medical Statistics
    • Harayana, India: BMJ BooksBlackwell Publishing
    • Peat JK, Barton B. Survival analyses. In: Medical Statistics. A guideto data analysis and critical appraisal. Harayana, India: BMJ BooksBlackwell Publishing, 2005; pp 296-305.
    • (2005) A guideto data analysis and critical appraisal. , pp. 296-305
    • Peat, J.K.1    Barton, B.2
  • 254
  • 255
    • 0033524123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculating the number needed to treatwhere the outcome is time to an event
    • Altman DG, Andersen, PK.Calculating the number needed to treatwhere the outcome is time to an event. BMJ.1999; 319:1492-1495.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 1492-1495
    • Altman, D.G.1    Andersen, P.K.2
  • 256
    • 0031570013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival analysis in observational studies
    • Bull K, Spiegelhalter DJ. Survival analysis in observational studies.Stat Med 1997; 16:1041-1074.
    • (1997) Stat Med , vol.16 , pp. 1041-1074
    • Bull, K.1    Spiegelhalter, D.J.2
  • 258
    • 33845382806 scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric estimation from incompleteobservations
    • Kaplan EL, Meier P.Nonparametric estimation from incompleteobservations. J Am Stat Assoc.1958; 53:457-81.
    • (1958) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.53 , pp. 457-481
    • Kaplan, E.L.1    Meier, P.2
  • 259
    • 0003421882 scopus 로고
    • Modelling survival data in medical research, section 2.1.
    • London: Chapman and Hall
    • Collett D. Modelling survival data in medical research, section 2.1.London: Chapman and Hall, 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Collett, D.1
  • 260
    • 0003415539 scopus 로고
    • Practical statistics for medical research
    • chapter 13.London: Chapman and Hall
    • Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical research, chapter 13.London: Chapman and Hall, 1991.
    • (1991)
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 262
    • 0342327375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary angioplasty versus medicaltherapy for angina: the second Randomised Intervention Treatmentof Angina (RITA-2) trial
    • RITA-2 Trial Participants
    • RITA-2 Trial Participants.Coronary angioplasty versus medicaltherapy for angina: the second Randomised Intervention Treatmentof Angina (RITA-2) trial. Lancet.1997; 350:461-68.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 461-468
  • 263
    • 0034612118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of losartan comparedwith captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heartfailure: randomised trial-the Losartan Heart Failure SurvivalStudy ELITE II
    • Pitt B, Poole-Wilson A, Segal R, et al.Effect of losartan comparedwith captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heartfailure: randomised trial-the Losartan Heart Failure SurvivalStudy ELITE II. Lancet.2000; 355:1582-87.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1582-1587
    • Pitt, B.1    Poole-Wilson, A.2    Segal, R.3
  • 264
    • 0034596387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of losartan and captopril in ELITE II
    • Hall A. Comparison of losartan and captopril in ELITE II. Lancet 2000; 356: 851.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 851
    • Hall, A.1
  • 265
    • 0034597892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pravastatinin 3260 patients with unstable angina: results from the LIPID study
    • Tonkin AM, Colquhoun D, Emberson J, et al. Effects of pravastatinin 3260 patients with unstable angina: results from the LIPID study.Lancet 2000; 356:1871-75.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1871-1875
    • Tonkin, A.M.1    Colquhoun, D.2    Emberson, J.3
  • 266
    • 0033554684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of highriskneuroblastoma with intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy,autologous bone marrow transplantation, and 13-cis-retinoic acid
    • Matthay KM, Villablanca JG, Seeger RC, et al. Treatment of highriskneuroblastoma with intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy,autologous bone marrow transplantation, and 13-cis-retinoic acid.N Engl J Med 1999; 341:1165-73.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 1165-1173
    • Matthay, K.M.1    Villablanca, J.G.2    Seeger, R.C.3
  • 267
    • 0033524123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculating the number 10 umber needed totreat for trials where the outcome is time to an event
    • Altman DG, Anderson PK.Calculating the number 10 umber needed totreat for trials where the outcome is time to an event. BMJ.1999; 319:1492-95.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 1492-1495
    • Altman, D.G.1    Anderson, P.K.2
  • 268
    • 0034684428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of trial results: thepotentially misleading notions of number needed to treat andaverage duration of life gained
    • Lubsen J, Hoes A, Grobbee D.Implications of trial results: thepotentially misleading notions of number needed to treat andaverage duration of life gained. Lancet.2000; 356:1757-59.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1757-1759
    • Lubsen, J.1    Hoes, A.2    Grobbee, D.3
  • 269
    • 0033620788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotectiveproperties of ACE-inhibition in non-diabetic nephropathies withnon-nephrotic proteinuria
    • Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Gherardi G, et al.Renoprotectiveproperties of ACE-inhibition in non-diabetic nephropathies withnon-nephrotic proteinuria. Lancet.2000; 354:359-64.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 359-364
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perna, A.2    Gherardi, G.3
  • 270
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomisedtrial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heartdisease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group.Randomisedtrial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heartdisease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet.1994; 344:1383-89.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1383-1389
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group1
  • 271
    • 0004280149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics withconfidence
    • chapter 9, London: BMJ Publishing
    • Altman DG, Machin D, Bryant TN, Gardner MJ, eds. Statistics withconfidence, chapter 9. London: BMJ Publishing, 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Altman, D.G.1    Machin, D.2    Bryant, T.N.3    Gardner, M.J.4
  • 272
    • 0032583382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing treatmenttimeinteraction in clinical trials with time to event data: ameta-analysis of hypertension trials
    • Boutitie F, Gueyffier F, Pocock SJ, Boissel J-P.Assessing treatmenttimeinteraction in clinical trials with time to event data: ameta-analysis of hypertension trials. Stat Med.1998; 17:2883-903.
    • (1998) Stat Med , vol.17 , pp. 2883-2903
    • Boutitie, F.1    Gueyffier, F.2    Pocock, S.J.3    Boissel, J.-P.4
  • 273
    • 84946650481 scopus 로고
    • Probable inference, the law of succession, and statisticalinference
    • Wilson EB.Probable inference, the law of succession, and statisticalinference. J Am Stat Assoc.1927; 22:209-12.
    • (1927) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.22 , pp. 209-212
    • Wilson, E.B.1
  • 274
    • 0032580320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two sided confidence intervals for the singleproportion: a comparative evaluation of seven methods
    • Newcombe R.Two sided confidence intervals for the singleproportion: a comparative evaluation of seven methods. Stat Med.1998; 17:857-72.
    • (1998) Stat Med , vol.17 , pp. 857-872
    • Newcombe, R.1
  • 275
    • 0034110418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital heart surgery nomenclatureand database project: Overview and minimum dataset
    • Mavroudis C, Jacobs JP. Congenital heart surgery nomenclatureand database project: Overview and minimum dataset. Ann ThoracSurg 2000;69:S2-17.
    • (2000) Ann ThoracSurg , vol.69
    • Mavroudis, C.1    Jacobs, J.P.2
  • 277
    • 0035151838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early identification of divergentperformance in congenital cardiac surgery
    • Gallivan S, Davis KB, Stark JF.Early identification of divergentperformance in congenital cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.2001; 20:1214-9.
    • (2001) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.20 , pp. 1214-1219
    • Gallivan, S.1    Davis, K.B.2    Stark, J.F.3
  • 278
    • 0034255628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presentation of the international nomenclature forcongenital heart surgery
    • The long way from nomenclature to collectionof validated data at the EACTS
    • Lacour-Gayet F, Maruszewski B, Mavroudis C, Jacobs JP,Elliott MJ.Presentation of the international nomenclature forcongenital heart surgery. The long way from nomenclature to collectionof validated data at the EACTS. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.2000; 18:128-35.
    • (2000) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.18 , pp. 128-135
    • Lacour-Gayet, F.1    Maruszewski, B.2    Mavroudis, C.3    Jacobs, J.P.4    Elliott, M.J.5
  • 280
    • 0035979402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late results of pediatriccardiac surgery in Finland: a population-based study with 96%follow-up
    • Nieminen HP, Jokinen EV, Sairanen HI.Late results of pediatriccardiac surgery in Finland: a population-based study with 96%follow-up. Circulation.2001; 104:570-5.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 570-575
    • Nieminen, H.P.1    Jokinen, E.V.2    Sairanen, H.I.3
  • 281
    • 0034681781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality rates after surgery for congenitalheart defects in children and surgeons' performance
    • Stark J, Gallivan S, Lovegrove J, Hamilton JR, Monro JL,Pollock JC, et al.Mortality rates after surgery for congenitalheart defects in children and surgeons' performance. Lancet.2000; 355:1004-7.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1004-1007
    • Stark, J.1    Gallivan, S.2    Lovegrove, J.3    Hamilton, J.R.4    Monro, J.L.5    Pollock, J.C.6
  • 282
    • 0035928413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of UK paediatric cardiac surgical performance byanalysis of routinely collected data 1984-1996: was Bristol anoutlier?
    • Aylin P, Alves B, Best N, Cook A, Elliott P, Evans SWJ, et al.Comparison of UK paediatric cardiac surgical performance byanalysis of routinely collected data 1984-1996: was Bristol anoutlier? Lancet 2001; 358:181-7.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 181-187
    • Aylin, P.1    Alves, B.2    Best, N.3    Cook, A.4    Elliott, P.5    Evans, S.W.J.6
  • 283
    • 84889477606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of screening tests.
    • In Kerr CB, Taylor R,Heard GS, eds, Handbook of public health methods, McGraw-Hill,Sydney, Australia
    • Kerr C. Assessment of screening tests. In Kerr CB, Taylor R,Heard GS, eds, Handbook of public health methods, McGraw-Hill,Sydney, Australia, 1998; pp 623-626.
    • (1998) , pp. 623-626
    • Kerr, C.1
  • 284
    • 0037160696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence base of clinicaldiagnosis: Evaluation of diagnostic procedures
    • Knottnerus JA, van Weel C, Muris JWM.Evidence base of clinicaldiagnosis: Evaluation of diagnostic procedures. BMJ.2002; 324:477-480.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 477-480
    • Knottnerus, J.A.1    van Weel, C.2    Muris, J.W.M.3
  • 285
    • 0030839240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to read a paper. Papers that report diagnostic orscreening tests
    • Greenhalgh T.How to read a paper. Papers that report diagnostic orscreening tests. BMJ.1997; 315:540-543.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 540-543
    • Greenhalgh, T.1
  • 286
    • 84970846412 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic tests 2: predictive values.
    • Altman DG, Bland JM. Diagnostic tests 2: predictive values. BMJ 1994;309:102.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 102
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2
  • 287
    • 84970866422 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic tests 1: sensitivity and specificity
    • Altman DG, Bland JM. Diagnostic tests 1: sensitivity and specificity.BMJ 1994;308:1552.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 1552
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2
  • 288
    • 0028760247 scopus 로고
    • Users' guides to the medicalliterature. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. Whatare the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group
    • Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL.Users' guides to the medicalliterature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. Whatare the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA.1994; 271:703-707.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 703-707
    • Jaeschke, R.1    Guyatt, G.H.2    Sackett, D.L.3
  • 289
    • 0141869016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding sensitivity and specificity with the rightside of the brain
    • Loong T-W.Understanding sensitivity and specificity with the rightside of the brain. BMJ.2003; 327:716-719.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 716-719
    • Loong, T.-W.1
  • 290
    • 0003006741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On some clinically useful measures of the effects oftreatment
    • Sackett DL.On some clinically useful measures of the effects oftreatment. Evidence-Based Med.1996; 1:37-38.
    • (1996) Evidence-Based Med , vol.1 , pp. 37-38
    • Sackett, D.L.1
  • 291
    • 0037006639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: Thearchitecture of diagnostic research
    • Sackett DL, Haynes RB.Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: Thearchitecture of diagnostic research. BMJ.2002; 324:539-541.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 539-541
    • Sackett, D.L.1    Haynes, R.B.2
  • 292
    • 84889482413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mammography.
  • 293
    • 84889385944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.acpm.org/breast.htm.
  • 294
    • 0029671344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neglected aspects offalse positive findings of mammograph in breast screening: analysisof false positive cases from the Stockholm trial
    • Lidbrink E, Elfving J, Frisell J, Jonsson E.Neglected aspects offalse positive findings of mammograph in breast screening: analysisof false positive cases from the Stockholm trial. BMJ.1996; 312:273-276.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 273-276
    • Lidbrink, E.1    Elfving, J.2    Frisell, J.3    Jonsson, E.4
  • 295
    • 3343014153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of MRI andmammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familialor genetic predisposition
    • Kriege M, Brekelmans CT, Boetes C, et al.Efficacy of MRI andmammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familialor genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med.2004; 351:427-437.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 427-437
    • Kriege, M.1    Brekelmans, C.T.2    Boetes, C.3
  • 296
    • 0141795452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving beyond sensitivity and specificity: using likelihoodratios to help interpret diagnostic tests
    • Attia J. Moving beyond sensitivity and specificity: using likelihoodratios to help interpret diagnostic tests. Aust Prescr 2003:26:111-113.
    • (2003) Aust Prescr , vol.26 , pp. 111-113
    • Attia, J.1
  • 298
    • 3242737285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic tests 4: likelihood ratios
    • Deeks JJ, Altman DG.Diagnostic tests 4: likelihood ratios. BMJ.2004; 329:168-169.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.329 , pp. 168-169
    • Deeks, J.J.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 299
    • 33646841684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Samplesizes of studies on diagnostic accuracy: Literature survey
    • Bachmann LM, Puhan MA, Ter Riet G, Bossuyt PM.Samplesizes of studies on diagnostic accuracy: Literature survey. BMJ.2006; 332:1127-1129.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.332 , pp. 1127-1129
    • Bachmann, L.M.1    Puhan, M.A.2    Ter Riet, G.3    Bossuyt, P.M.4
  • 300
    • 0037417585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards complete and accurate reporting of studiesof diagnostic accuracy: The STARD initiative
    • Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP,Irwig LM, et al.Towards complete and accurate reporting of studiesof diagnostic accuracy: The STARD initiative. BMJ.2003; 326:41-44.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 41-44
    • Bossuyt, P.M.1    Reitsma, J.B.2    Bruns, D.E.3    Gatsonis, C.A.4    Glasziou, P.P.5    Irwig, L.M.6
  • 301
    • 0002431469 scopus 로고
    • Principles of screening
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press,
    • Cuckle HS, Wald NJ. Principles of screening. In: Antenatalnatal andneonatal screening. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984: 1-22.
    • (1984) , pp. 1-22
    • Cuckle, H.S.1    Wald, N.J.2
  • 302
    • 0003880266 scopus 로고
    • Clinicalepidemiology: a basic science for clinical medicine
    • 2nd edn.Boston: Little, Brown and Company
    • Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Clinicalepidemiology: a basic science for clinical medicine, 2nd edn.Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1991.
    • (1991)
    • Sackett, D.L.1    Haynes, R.B.2    Guyatt, G.H.3    Tugwell, P.4
  • 303
    • 0003529280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to report statistics in medicine.
    • Philadelphia:American College of Physicians
    • Lang TA, Secic M. How to report statistics in medicine. Philadelphia:American College of Physicians, 1997.
    • (1997)
    • Lang, T.A.1    Secic, M.2
  • 304
    • 0032801418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New technologies in cervical cytologyscreening: a word of caution
    • Sawaya GF, Grimes DA.New technologies in cervical cytologyscreening: a word of caution. Obstet Gynecol.1999; 94:307-10.
    • (1999) Obstet Gynecol , vol.94 , pp. 307-310
    • Sawaya, G.F.1    Grimes, D.A.2
  • 305
    • 0003536740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guide to clinical preventiveservices
    • US Preventive Services Task Force., 2nd edn. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins
    • US Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventiveservices, 2nd edn. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 306
    • 0003433343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A guide to e ffective carein pregnancy and childbirth
    • 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress,
    • Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, Neilson J, et al (eds). A guide to e ffective carein pregnancy and childbirth, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Enkin, M.1    Keirse, M.J.N.C.2    Neilson, J.3
  • 307
    • 0031979324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of diabetes byobstetrician-gynecologists
    • Gabbe S, Hill L, Schmidt L, Schulkin J.Management of diabetes byobstetrician-gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol.1998; 91:643-47.
    • (1998) Obstet Gynecol , vol.91 , pp. 643-647
    • Gabbe, S.1    Hill, L.2    Schmidt, L.3    Schulkin, J.4
  • 308
    • 0016427647 scopus 로고
    • Clinical biostatistics XXXI: on the sensitivity,specificity, and discrimination of diagnostic tests
    • Feinstein AR.Clinical biostatistics XXXI: on the sensitivity,specificity, and discrimination of diagnostic tests. Clin PharmacolTher.1975; 17:104-16.
    • (1975) Clin PharmacolTher , vol.17 , pp. 104-116
    • Feinstein, A.R.1
  • 309
    • 0029639032 scopus 로고
    • Ovariancancer: screening, treatment, and follow-up
    • NIH Consensus Development Panel on Ovarian Cancer
    • NIH Consensus Development Panel on Ovarian Cancer.Ovariancancer: screening, treatment, and follow-up. JAMA.1995; 273:491-97.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 491-497
  • 310
    • 0024652754 scopus 로고
    • Reporting the assessment of screening anddiagnostic tests
    • Wald N, Cuckle H.Reporting the assessment of screening anddiagnostic tests. Br J Obstet Gynaecol.1989; 96:389-96.
    • (1989) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.96 , pp. 389-396
    • Wald, N.1    Cuckle, H.2
  • 311
    • 0033791903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting the target fora better cervical screening test: characteristics of a cost-effective testfor cervical neoplasia screening
    • Myers ER, McCrory DC, Subramanian S, et al.Setting the target fora better cervical screening test: characteristics of a cost-effective testfor cervical neoplasia screening. Obstet Gynecol.2000; 96:645-52.
    • (2000) Obstet Gynecol , vol.96 , pp. 645-652
    • Myers, E.R.1    McCrory, D.C.2    Subramanian, S.3
  • 312
    • 0018182591 scopus 로고
    • Increased absenteeism from work after detection and labeling ofhypertensive patients
    • Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Taylor DW, Gibson ES, Johnson AL.Increased absenteeism from work after detection and labeling ofhypertensive patients. N Engl J Med 1978; 299:741-44.
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.299 , pp. 741-744
    • Haynes, R.B.1    Sackett, D.L.2    Taylor, D.W.3    Gibson, E.S.4    Johnson, A.L.5
  • 313
    • 0019785282 scopus 로고
    • Longterm follow-upof absenteeism among working men following the detection andtreatment of their hypertension
    • Taylor DW, Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Gibson ES.Longterm follow-upof absenteeism among working men following the detection andtreatment of their hypertension. Clin Invest Med.1981; 4:173-77.
    • (1981) Clin Invest Med , vol.4 , pp. 173-177
    • Taylor, D.W.1    Haynes, R.B.2    Sackett, D.L.3    Gibson, E.S.4
  • 314
    • 0031892131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-perceived health status of womenthree to five years after the diagnosis of gestational diabetes: asurvey of cases and matched controls
    • Feig DS, Chen E, Naylor CD.Self-perceived health status of womenthree to five years after the diagnosis of gestational diabetes: asurvey of cases and matched controls. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1998; 178:386-93.
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.178 , pp. 386-393
    • Feig, D.S.1    Chen, E.2    Naylor, C.D.3
  • 315
    • 0003799753 scopus 로고
    • TheCanadian guide to clinical preventive care
    • Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination, Ottowa: Minister ofSupply and Services Canada
    • Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. TheCanadian guide to clinical preventive care. Ottowa: Minister ofSupply and Services Canada, 1994.
    • (1994)
  • 316
    • 0001658994 scopus 로고
    • Statistical problems in assessing methods of medicaldiagnosis, with special reference to X-ray techniques
    • Yerushalmy J.Statistical problems in assessing methods of medicaldiagnosis, with special reference to X-ray techniques. Pub HealthRep.1947; 62:1432-49.
    • (1947) Pub HealthRep , vol.62 , pp. 1432-1449
    • Yerushalmy, J.1
  • 317
    • 16244366026 scopus 로고
    • Index for rating diagnostic tests
    • Youden WJ.Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer.1950; 3:32-35.
    • (1950) Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 32-35
    • Youden, W.J.1
  • 319
    • 0023215516 scopus 로고
    • Biases in the assessment of diagnostic tests
    • Begg CB.Biases in the assessment of diagnostic tests. Stat Med.1987; 6:411-23.
    • (1987) Stat Med , vol.6 , pp. 411-423
    • Begg, C.B.1
  • 320
    • 0004129360 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology in medicine
    • Boston:Little, Brown and Company
    • Hennekens CH, Buring JE. Epidemiology in medicine. Boston:Little, Brown and Company, 1987.
    • (1987)
    • Hennekens, C.H.1    Buring, J.E.2
  • 321
    • 0003784223 scopus 로고
    • Studying a study and testing a test
    • 2nd edn. Boston: Little, Brown and Company
    • Riegelman RK, Hirsch RP. Studying a study and testing a test,2nd edn. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989.
    • (1989)
    • Riegelman, R.K.1    Hirsch, R.P.2
  • 322
    • 0034620242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is screening for breast cancer withmammography justifiable?
    • Gotzsche PC, Olsen O. Is screening for breast cancer withmammography justifiable? Lancet 2000; 355:129-34.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 129-134
    • Gotzsche, P.C.1    Olsen, O.2
  • 323
    • 0035922670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cochrane review on screening for breastcancer with mammography
    • Olsen O, Gotzsche PC.Cochrane review on screening for breastcancer with mammography. Lancet.2001; 358:1340-42.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1340-1342
    • Olsen, O.1    Gotzsche, P.C.2
  • 324
    • 0035922667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening mammography: an overview revisited
    • Horton R.Screening mammography: an overview revisited. Lancet.2001; 358:1284-85.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1284-1285
    • Horton, R.1
  • 325
    • 84921431030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External cephalic versionrsion for breechpresentation at term.
    • Hofmeyr GJ, Kulier R. External cephalic versionrsion for breechpresentation at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; 2:CD000083.
    • (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Hofmeyr, G.J.1    Kulier, R.2
  • 326
    • 0035810615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and predictorsof severe obstetric morbidity: case-control study
    • Waterstone M, Bewley S, Wolfe C.Incidence and predictorsof severe obstetric morbidity: case-control study. BMJ.2001; 322:1089-93.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 1089-1093
    • Waterstone, M.1    Bewley, S.2    Wolfe, C.3
  • 327
    • 1942470407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antepartum identification of breechpresentation
    • Watson WJ, Welter S, Day D.Antepartum identification of breechpresentation. J Reprod Med.2004; 49:294-6.
    • (2004) J Reprod Med , vol.49 , pp. 294-296
    • Watson, W.J.1    Welter, S.2    Day, D.3
  • 328
    • 0025835333 scopus 로고
    • Utility of Leopoldmaneuvers in screening for malpresentation
    • Thorp JM Jr, Jenkins T, Watson W.Utility of Leopoldmaneuvers in screening for malpresentation. Obstet Gynecol.1991; 78:394-6.
    • (1991) Obstet Gynecol , vol.78 , pp. 394-396
    • Thorp Jr, J.M.1    Jenkins, T.2    Watson, W.3
  • 329
    • 0022126236 scopus 로고
    • Concurrentvalidity of Leopold's maneuvers in determining fetal presentationand position
    • McFarlin BL, Engstrom JL, Sampson MB, Cattledge F.Concurrentvalidity of Leopold's maneuvers in determining fetal presentationand position. J Nurse Midwifery.1985; 30:280-4.
    • (1985) J Nurse Midwifery , vol.30 , pp. 280-284
    • McFarlin, B.L.1    Engstrom, J.L.2    Sampson, M.B.3    Cattledge, F.4
  • 330
    • 0027654539 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of Leopold maneuvers in screening for malpresentation:a prospective study
    • Lydon-Rochelle M, Albers L, Gorwoda J, Craig E, Qualls C.Accuracy of Leopold maneuvers in screening for malpresentation:a prospective study. Birth 1993; 20:132-5.
    • (1993) Birth , vol.20 , pp. 132-135
    • Lydon-Rochelle, M.1    Albers, L.2    Gorwoda, J.3    Craig, E.4    Qualls, C.5
  • 332
    • 84970846412 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic tests 2: predictive values.
    • Altman DG, Bland JM. Diagnostic tests 2: predictive values. BMJ 1994;309:102.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 102
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2
  • 333
    • 0017307172 scopus 로고
    • Variation of fetal presentation with gestationalage
    • Scheer K, Nubar J.Variation of fetal presentation with gestationalage. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1976; 125:269-70.
    • (1976) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.125 , pp. 269-270
    • Scheer, K.1    Nubar, J.2
  • 334
    • 33748944460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breech presentation: facilitating informed decisionmaking[dissertation].
    • Sydney, NSW: University of Sydney
    • Nassar N. Breech presentation: facilitating informed decisionmaking[dissertation]. Sydney, NSW: University of Sydney, 2005..
    • (2005)
    • Nassar, N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.