메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 1245-1253

The ingestion of protein with a maltodextrin and fructose beverage on substrate utilisation and exercise performance

Author keywords

Multiple transportable carbohydrates; Protein; Stable isotopes; Substrate utilisation

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE DIET; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 84887158836     PISSN: 17155312     EISSN: 17155320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0306     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (39)
  • 1
    • 55949083776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coingestion of carbohydrate and protein hydrolysate stimulates muscle protein synthesis during exercise in young men, with no further increase during subsequent overnight recovery
    • doi:10.3945/jn.108.092924
    • Beelen, M., Tieland, M., Gijsen, A.P., Vandereyt, H., Kies, A.K., Kuipers, H., et al. 2008. Coingestion of carbohydrate and protein hydrolysate stimulates muscle protein synthesis during exercise in young men, with no further increase during subsequent overnight recovery. J. Nutr. 138(11): 2198-2204. doi:10.3945/jn.108.092924.
    • (2008) J. Nutr , vol.138 , Issue.11 , pp. 2198-2204
    • Beelen, M.1    Tieland, M.2    Gijsen, A.P.3    Vandereyt, H.4    Kies, A.K.5    Kuipers, H.6
  • 2
    • 34748823001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of carbohydrate and protein ingestion during recovery from prolonged exercise on subsequent endurance performance
    • doi:10.1080/02640410701213459
    • Betts, J., Williams, C, Duffy, K., and Gunner, F. 2007. The influence of carbohydrate and protein ingestion during recovery from prolonged exercise on subsequent endurance performance. J. Sports. Sci. 25(13): 1449-1460. doi:10.1080/02640410701213459.
    • (2007) J. Sports. Sci , vol.25 , Issue.13 , pp. 1449-1460
    • Betts, J.1    Williams, C.2    Duffy, K.3    Gunner, F.4
  • 3
    • 0020329106 scopus 로고
    • Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short term cycle exercise and their use in a new strength test
    • doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026080
    • Borg, G. 1982. Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short term cycle exercise and their use in a new strength test. Int. J. Sports. Med. 3(3): 153-158. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026080.
    • (1982) Int. J. Sports. Med , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 153-158
    • Borg, G.1
  • 4
    • 36348999715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate pool size: Functional importance for oxidative metabolism in exercising human skeletal muscle
    • doi:10.2165/00007256-200737120-00005
    • Bowtell, J.L., Marwood, S., Bruce, M., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., and Greenhaff, P.L. 2007. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate pool size: Functional importance for oxidative metabolism in exercising human skeletal muscle. Sports. Med. 37(12): 1071-1088. doi:10.2165/00007256-200737120-00005.
    • (2007) Sports. Med , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 1071-1088
    • Bowtell, J.L.1    Marwood, S.2    Bruce, M.3    Constantin-Teodosiu, D.4    Greenhaff, P.L.5
  • 5
    • 39149130115 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90024-8
    • Craig, H. 1957. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 12(1-2): 133-149. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90024-8.
    • (1957) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.12 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 133-149
    • Craig, H.1
  • 6
    • 38349114819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior endurance performance with ingestion of multiple transportable carbohydrates
    • doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adfl9
    • Currell, K., and Jeukendrup, A.E. 2008. Superior endurance performance with ingestion of multiple transportable carbohydrates. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40(2): 275-281. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adfl9.
    • (2008) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 275-281
    • Currell, K.1    Jeukendrup, A.E.2
  • 7
    • 0031034371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of Intestinal Sugar Transport
    • Ferraris, R.P., and Diamond, J. 1997. Regulation of Intestinal Sugar Transport. Physiol. Revs. 77(1): 257-302.
    • (1997) Physiol. Revs , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 257-302
    • Ferraris, R.P.1    Diamond, J.2
  • 8
    • 65449128782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous CHO oxidation with glucose plus fructose intake during exercise
    • doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181857ee6
    • Hulston, C.J., Wallis, G.A., and Jeukendrup, A.E. 2009. Exogenous CHO oxidation with glucose plus fructose intake during exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 41(2): 357-363. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181857ee6.
    • (2009) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 357-363
    • Hulston, C.J.1    Wallis, G.A.2    Jeukendrup, A.E.3
  • 9
    • 0042236965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a carbohydrate-protein supplement on endurance performance during exercise of varying intensity
    • Ivy, J.L., Res, P.T., Sprague, R.C., and Widzer, M.O. 2003. Effect of a carbohydrate-protein supplement on endurance performance during exercise of varying intensity. Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 13(3): 383-395.
    • (2003) Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-395
    • Ivy, J.L.1    Res, P.T.2    Sprague, R.C.3    Widzer, M.O.4
  • 10
    • 23044439384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High rates exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from a mixture of glucose and fructose ingested during prolonged cycling exercise
    • doi:10.1079/BJN20041368
    • Jentjens, R.L.P.G., and Jeukendrup, A.E. 2005. High rates exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from a mixture of glucose and fructose ingested during prolonged cycling exercise. Br. J. Nutr. 93(4): 485-492. doi:10.1079/BJN20041368.
    • (2005) Br. J. Nutr , vol.93 , Issue.4 , pp. 485-492
    • Jentjens, R.L.P.G.1    Jeukendrup, A.E.2
  • 11
    • 1642371309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise
    • doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00974.2003
    • Jentjens, R.L.P.G., Moseley, L., Waring, R.H., Harding, L.K., and Jeukendrup, A.E. 2004a. Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 96(4): 1277-1284. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00974.2003.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.96 , Issue.4 , pp. 1277-1284
    • Jentjens, R.L.P.G.1    Moseley, L.2    Waring, R.H.3    Harding, L.K.4    Jeukendrup, A.E.5
  • 12
    • 4444233546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High oxidation rates from combined carbohydrates ingested during exercise
    • doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000139796.07843.1D
    • Jentjens, RXP.G., Achten, J., and Jeukendrup, A.E. 2004b. High oxidation rates from combined carbohydrates ingested during exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36(9): 1551-1558. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000139796.07843.1D.
    • (2004) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 1551-1558
    • Jentjens, R.X.P.G.1    Achten, J.2    Jeukendrup, A.E.3
  • 13
    • 33645812334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates are elevated following combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise in the heat
    • doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00322.2005
    • Jentjens, R.L.P.G., Underwood, K., Achten, J., Currel, K., Mann, C.H., and Jeukendrup, A.E. 2006. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates are elevated following combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise in the heat. J. Appl. Physiol. 100(3): 807-816. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00322.2005.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.100 , Issue.3 , pp. 807-816
    • Jentjens, R.L.P.G.1    Underwood, K.2    Achten, J.3    Currel, K.4    Mann, C.H.5    Jeukendrup, A.E.6
  • 14
    • 0034045620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of carbohydrate feedings during prolonged exercise
    • doi:10.2165/00007256-200029060-00004
    • Jeukendrup, A.E., and Jentjens, R. 2000. Oxidation of carbohydrate feedings during prolonged exercise. Sports. Med. 29(6): 407-424. doi:10.2165/00007256-200029060-00004.
    • (2000) Sports. Med , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 407-424
    • Jeukendrup, A.E.1    Jentjens, R.2
  • 15
    • 75649111908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple transportable carbohydrates enhance gastric emptying and fluid delivery
    • doi:10.1111/j.l600-0838.2008.00862.x
    • Jeukendrup, A.E., and Moseley, L. 2008. Multiple transportable carbohydrates enhance gastric emptying and fluid delivery. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 20(1): 112-121. doi:10.1111/j.l600-0838.2008.00862.x.
    • (2008) Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-121
    • Jeukendrup, A.E.1    Moseley, L.2
  • 16
    • 0033959186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between gastro-intestinal complaints and endotoxaemia, cytokine release and the acute-phase reaction during and after a long distance triathlon in highly trained men
    • Jeukendrup, A.E., Vet-Joop, K., Sturk, A., Stegen, J.H.J.C., Senden, J., Saris, W.H.M., et al. 2000. Relationship between gastro-intestinal complaints and endotoxaemia, cytokine release and the acute-phase reaction during and after a long distance triathlon in highly trained men. Clin. Sci. 98(1): 47-55. doi:10.1042/CS19990258.
    • (2000) Clin. Sci , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-55
    • Jeukendrup, A.E.1    Vet-Joop, K.2    Sturk, A.3    Stegen, J.H.J.C.4    Senden, J.5    Saris, W.H.M.6
  • 17
    • 39049182679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise
    • doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00981.2004
    • Jeukendrup, A.E, Moseley, L., Mainwaring, G.I., Samuels, S., Perry, S., and Mann, C.H. 2006. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 100(4): 1134-1141. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00981.2004.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 1134-1141
    • Jeukendrup, A.E.1    Moseley, L.2    Mainwaring, G.I.3    Samuels, S.4    Perry, S.5    Mann, C.H.6
  • 18
    • 68249113215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein plus carbohydrate does not enhance 60-km time-trial performance
    • Jeukendrup, A.E., Tipton, K.D., and Gibala, MJ. 2009. Protein plus carbohydrate does not enhance 60-km time-trial performance. Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 19(4): 335-337.
    • (2009) Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-337
    • Jeukendrup, A.E.1    Tipton, K.D.2    Gibala, M.J.3
  • 19
    • 4544264514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined ingestion of protein and carbohydrate improves protein balance during ultra-endurance exercise
    • Koopman, R., Pannemans, D.L.E., Jeukendrup, A.E., Gijsen, A.P., Senden, J.M.G., Halliday, D., et al. 2004. Combined ingestion of protein and carbohydrate improves protein balance during ultra-endurance exercise. Am. J. Physiol. 287(4): 712-720.
    • (2004) Am. J. Physiol , vol.287 , Issue.4 , pp. 712-720
    • Koopman, R.1    Pannemans, D.L.E.2    Jeukendrup, A.E.3    Gijsen, A.P.4    Senden, J.M.G.5    Halliday, D.6
  • 20
    • 1642503773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying and fluid availability after ingestion of glucose and soy protein hydrolysate solutions in man
    • doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2003.002655
    • Maughan, R.J., Leiper, J.B., and Vist, G.E. 2004. Gastric emptying and fluid availability after ingestion of glucose and soy protein hydrolysate solutions in man. Exp. Physiol. 89(1): 101-108. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2003.002655.
    • (2004) Exp. Physiol , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-108
    • Maughan, R.J.1    Leiper, J.B.2    Vist, G.E.3
  • 21
    • 33749352062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central fatigue: The serotonin hypothesis and beyond
    • doi:10.2165/00007256-200636100-00006
    • Meeusen, R., Watson, P., Hasegawa, H., Roelands, B., and Piacentini, M.F. 2006. Central fatigue: The serotonin hypothesis and beyond. Sports. Med. 36(10): 881-909. doi:10.2165/00007256-200636100-00006.
    • (2006) Sports. Med , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 881-909
    • Meeusen, R.1    Watson, P.2    Hasegawa, H.3    Roelands, B.4    Piacentini, M.F.5
  • 22
    • 31544465465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Branched-chain amino acids and central fatigue
    • Newsholme, EA., and Blomstrand, E. 2006. Branched-chain amino acids and central fatigue. J. Nutr. 136(1): 274-276.
    • (2006) J. Nutr , vol.136 , Issue.1 , pp. 274-276
    • Newsholme, E.A.1    Blomstrand, E.2
  • 23
    • 78650787234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fructose-maltodextrin ratio in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution differentially affects exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate, gut comfort, and performance
    • doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00419.2010
    • O'Brien, W.J., and Rowlands, D.S. 2011. Fructose-maltodextrin ratio in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution differentially affects exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate, gut comfort, and performance. Am. J. Physiol. Gastro-intest. Liver. Physiol. 300(1): G181-G189. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00419.2010.
    • (2011) Am. J. Physiol. Gastro-intest. Liver. Physiol , vol.300 , Issue.1
    • O'Brien, W.J.1    Rowlands, D.S.2
  • 25
    • 0026128307 scopus 로고
    • Table of nonprotein respiratory quotient: An update
    • Peironnet, F., and Massicotte, D. 1991. Table of nonprotein respiratory quotient: an update. Can. J. Sports. Sci. 16(1): 23-29.
    • (1991) Can. J. Sports. Sci , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-29
    • Peironnet, F.1    Massicotte, D.2
  • 26
    • 0017715157 scopus 로고
    • Glucose oxidation during prolonged exercise evaluated with naturally labeled [13C]glucose
    • Pirnay, F., Lacroix, M., and Mosora, F. 1977. Glucose oxidation during prolonged exercise evaluated with naturally labeled [13C]glucose. J. Appl. Physiol. 43(2): 258-261.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 258-261
    • Pirnay, F.1    Lacroix, M.2    Mosora, F.3
  • 28
    • 33748541089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an isocaloric carbohydrate-protein-antioxidant drink on cycling performance
    • doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000229458.11452.e9
    • Romano-Ely, B.C., Todd, M.K., Saunders, M.J., and Laurent, T.S. 2006. Effect of an isocaloric carbohydrate-protein-antioxidant drink on cycling performance. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 38(9): 1608-1616. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000229458.11452.e9.
    • (2006) Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 1608-1616
    • Romano-Ely, B.C.1    Todd, M.K.2    Saunders, M.J.3    Laurent, T.S.4
  • 29
    • 49649097101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high intensity cycling performance
    • doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00878.2007
    • 13C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high intensity cycling performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 104(6): 1709-1719. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00878.2007.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.104 , Issue.6 , pp. 1709-1719
    • Rowlands, D.S.1    Thornburn, M.S.2    Thorp, R.M.3    Broadbent, S.4    Shi, X.5
  • 30
    • 41449091148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coingestion of carbohydrate-protein during endurance exercise: Influence on performance and recovery
    • Saunders, M.J. 2007. Coingestion of carbohydrate-protein during endurance exercise: influence on performance and recovery. Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 17: S87-S103.
    • (2007) Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab , vol.17
    • Saunders, M.J.1
  • 31
    • 3042734800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a Carbohydrate-Protein Beverage on Cycling Endurance and Muscle Damage
    • doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000132377.66177.9F
    • Saunders, M.J., Kane, M.D., and Todd, M.K. 2004. Effects of a Carbohydrate-Protein Beverage on Cycling Endurance and Muscle Damage. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36(7): 1233-1238. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000132377.66177.9F.
    • (2004) Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc , vol.36 , Issue.7 , pp. 1233-1238
    • Saunders, M.J.1    Kane, M.D.2    Todd, M.K.3
  • 32
    • 34548649441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of an oral carbohydrate-protein gel improves cycling endurance and prevents postexercise muscle damage
    • doi: 10.1519/00124278-200708000-00005
    • Saunders, M.J., Luden, N.D., and Herrick, J.E. 2007. Consumption of an oral carbohydrate-protein gel improves cycling endurance and prevents postexercise muscle damage. J. Strength. Cond. Res. 21(3): 678-684. doi: 10.1519/00124278-200708000-00005.
    • (2007) J. Strength. Cond. Res , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 678-684
    • Saunders, M.J.1    Luden, N.D.2    Herrick, J.E.3
  • 33
    • 65249151915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate and protein hydrolysate coingestions improvement of late-exercise time trial performance
    • Saunders, M.J., Moore, R.W., Luden, N.D., Pratt, C.A., and Kies, A.K. 2009. Carbohydrate and protein hydrolysate coingestions improvement of late-exercise time trial performance. Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 19(2): 136-149.
    • (2009) Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-149
    • Saunders, M.J.1    Moore, R.W.2    Luden, N.D.3    Pratt, C.A.4    Kies, A.K.5
  • 34
    • 2642562073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise promotes BCAA catabolism: Effects of BCAA supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise
    • Shimomura, Y., Murakami, T., Nakai, N., Nagasaki, M., and Harris, RA 2004. Exercise promotes BCAA catabolism: Effects of BCAA supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise. J. Nutr. 134(6): 1583-1587.
    • (2004) J. Nutr , vol.134 , Issue.6 , pp. 1583-1587
    • Shimomura, Y.1    Murakami, T.2    Nakai, N.3    Nagasaki, M.4    Harris, R.A.5
  • 35
    • 77949276351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An isocaloric glucose-fructose beverage's effect on simulated 100-km cycling performance compared with a glucose-only beverage
    • Triplett, D., Doyle, J A., Rupp, J.C., and Benardot, D. 2010. An isocaloric glucose-fructose beverage's effect on simulated 100-km cycling performance compared with a glucose-only beverage. Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 20(2): 122-131.
    • (2010) Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-131
    • Triplett, D.1    Doyle, J.A.2    Rupp, J.C.3    Benardot, D.4
  • 36
    • 53549130447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of carbohydrate-protein beverage on cycling endurance and indices of muscle disruption
    • Valentine, R.J., Saunders, M.J., Todd, M.K., and St Laurent, T.G. 2008. Influence of carbohydrate-protein beverage on cycling endurance and indices of muscle disruption. Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 18(4): 363-378.
    • (2008) Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-378
    • Valentine, R.J.1    Saunders, M.J.2    Todd, M.K.3    St Laurent, T.G.4
  • 37
    • 33747059040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of protein to improve time trial performance when added to a sports drink
    • doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000228958.82968.0a
    • Van Essen, M., and Gibala, M.J. 2006. Failure of protein to improve time trial performance when added to a sports drink. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 38(8): 1476-1483. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000228958.82968.0a.
    • (2006) Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 1476-1483
    • van Essen, M.1    Gibala, M.J.2
  • 38
    • 0029164783 scopus 로고
    • Ingestion of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan during sustained exercise in man: Failure to affect performance
    • Van Hall, G., Raaymakers, J.S.H., Saris, W.H.M., and Wagenmakers, A.J.M. 1995. Ingestion of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan during sustained exercise in man: Failure to affect performance. J. Physiol. 486(3): 789-794.
    • (1995) J. Physiol , vol.486 , Issue.3 , pp. 789-794
    • van Hall, G.1    Raaymakers, J.S.H.2    Saris, W.H.M.3    Wagenmakers, A.J.M.4
  • 39
    • 14844360834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of combined ingestion of maltodextrins and fructose during exercise
    • doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000155399.23358.82
    • Wallis, G.A., Rowlands, D.S., Shaw, C, Jentjens, R.L.P.G., and Jeukendrup, AE. 2005. Oxidation of combined ingestion of maltodextrins and fructose during exercise. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 37(3): 426-432. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000155399.23358.82.
    • (2005) Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-432
    • Wallis, G.A.1    Rowlands, D.S.2    Shaw, C.3    Jentjens, R.L.P.G.4    Jeukendrup, A.E.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.