Advances in pneumococcal antibiotic resistance

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 491-498

  Song, Jae Hoon ^a,b  

^a Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine   (South Korea)

^b Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

macrolide resistance; multidrug resistance; penicillin resistance; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; serotype 19A; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Indexed keywords

BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFACLOR; CEFOTAXIME; CEFPROZIL; CEFTRIAXONE; CEFUROXIME; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; GATIFLOXACIN; GEMIFLOXACIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; LINCOSAMIDE DERIVATIVE; MACROLIDE; MIKAMYCIN B; MOXIFLOXACIN; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; SULFONAMIDE; TETRACYCLINE;

ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ASIA; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; HUMAN; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NONHUMAN; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; PREVALENCE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; SEROTYPE; SINUSITIS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; VACCINATION;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; RISK FACTORS; SEROTYPING; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84886566447     PISSN: 17476348     EISSN: 17476356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.816572     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Lynch JP 3rd, Zhanel GG. Streptococcus pneumoniae: Epidemiology and risk factors, evolution of antimicrobial resistance, and impact of vaccines. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 16(3), 217-225 (2010
2. Blasi F, Mantero M, Santus P, Tarsia P. Understanding the burden of pneumococcal disease in adults. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18 (Suppl. 5), 7-14 (2012
3. Hansman D, Bullen MM. A resistant pneumococcus. Lancet 290(7509), 264-265 (1967
4. Kislak JW. Type 6 pneumococcus resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin. N. Engl. J. Med. 276(15), 852 (1967
5. Piddock LJ, Wise R. The selection and frequency of streptococci with decreased susceptibility to ofloxacin compared with other quinolones. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 22(Suppl. C), 45-51 (1988
6. Jacobs MR, Koornhof HJ, Robins-Browne RM et al. Emergence of multiply resistant pneumococci. N. Engl. J. Med. 299(14), 735-740 (1978
7. Goossens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, Elseviers M. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: A cross-national database study. Lancet 365(9459), 579-587 (2005
8. Chen DK, Mcgeer A, De Azavedo JC, Low DE. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada. Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network. N. Engl. J. Med. 341(4), 233-239 (1999
9. Lynch JP 3rd, Zhanel GG. Escalation of antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae: Implications for therapy. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 26(6), 575-616 (2005
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Progress in introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-worldwide, 2000-2008. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 57(42), 1148-1151 (2008
11. Reinert R, Jacobs MR, Kaplan SL. Pneumococcal disease caused by serotype 19A: Review of the literature and implications for future vaccine development. Vaccine 28(26), 4249-4259 (2010
12. Jones RN, Sader HS, Mendes RE, Flamm RK. Update on antimicrobial susceptibility trends among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: Report of ceftaroline activity from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1998-2011). Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 75(1), 107-109 (2013
13. Riedel S, Beekmann SE, Heilmann KP et al. Antimicrobial use in Europe and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 26(7), 485-490 (2007
14. Kim SH, Song JH, Chung DR et al. Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries: An Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56(3), 1418-1426 (2012
15. Song JH, Chang HH, Suh JY et al. Macrolide resistance and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: A study of the Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP). J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 53(3), 457-463 (2004
16. Song JH, Jung SI, Ko KS et al. High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asia (an ANSORP study). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48(6), 2101-2107 (2004
17. Harimaya A, Yokota S, Sato K, Yamazaki N, Himi T, Fujii N. High prevalence of erythromycin resistance and macrolide-resistance genes, mefA and ermB, in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the upper respiratory tracts of children in the Sapporo district, Japan. J. Infect. Chemother. 13(4), 219-223 (2007
18. Song JH, Lee NY, Ichiyama S et al. Spread of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 28(6), 1206-1211 (1999
19. Edelstein PH. Pneumococcal resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, ketolides, and streptogramin B agents: Molecular mechanisms and resistance phenotypes. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38(Suppl. 4), S322-S327 (2004
20. Wierzbowski AK, Swedlo D, Boyd D et al. Molecular epidemiology and prevalence of macrolide efflux genes mef(A) and mef(E) in Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained in Canada from 1997 to 2002. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49(3), 1257-1261 (2005
21. Felmingham D, Canton R, Jenkins SG. Regional trends in beta-lactam, macrolide, fluoroquinolone and telithromycin resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates 2001-2004. J. Infect. 55(2), 111-118 (2007
22. Jenkins SG, Farrell DJ. Increase in pneumococcus macrolide resistance, United States. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15(8), 1260-1264 (2009
23. Farrell DJ, Jenkins SG, Brown SD, Patel M, Lavin BS, Klugman KP. Emergence and spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae with erm (B) and mef(A) resistance. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11(6), 851-858 (2005
24. Wierzbowski AK, Nichol K, Laing N et al. Macrolide resistance mechanisms among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated over 6 years of Canadian Respiratory Organism Susceptibility Study (CROSS) (1998 2004).J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 60(4), 733-740 (2007
25. Moore MR, Gertz RE Jr., Woodbury RL et al. Population snapshot of emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in the United States, 2005. J. Infect. Dis. 197(7), 1016-1027 (2008
26. Bowers JR, Driebe EM, Nibecker JL et al. Dominance of multidrug resistant CC271 clones in macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Arizona. BMC Microbiol. 12, 12 (2012
27. Ko KS, Song JH. Evolution of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from Asian countries that contains erm(B) and mef(A) genes. J. Infect. Dis. 190(4), 739-747 (2004
28. Mera RM, Miller LA, Amrine-Madsen H, Sahm DF. The impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on antimicrobial resistance in the United States since 1996: Evidence for a significant rebound by 2007 in many classes of antibiotics. Microb. Drug Resist. 15(4), 261-268 (2009
29. Green K, Mcgeer A, Wong K et al. What will happen to antimicrobial resistance in adult IPD after the introduction of infant PCV13 vaccination in Canada? Presented at: 52nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). San Francisco, CA, USA, 9-12 September 2012
30. Kaplan SL, Barson WJ, Lin PL et al. Early trends for invasive pneumococcal infections in children after the introduction of the 13-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 32(3), 203-207 (2013
31. Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W et al. Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N. Engl. J. Med. 354(14), 1455-1463 (2006
32. Mera RM, Miller LA, Amrine-Madsen H, Sahm DF. Impact of new Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin susceptibility testing breakpoints on reported resistance changes over time. Microb. Drug Resist. 17(1), 47-52 (2011
33. Weinstein MP, Klugman KP, Jones RN. Rationale for revised penicillin susceptibility breakpoints versus Streptococcus pneumoniae: Coping with antimicrobial susceptibility in an era of resistance. Clin. Infect. Dis. 48(11), 1596-1600 (2009
34. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twentieth Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M100-S20. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA (2010
35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effects of new penicillin susceptibility breakpoints for Streptococcus pneumoniae-United States, 2006-2007. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 57(50), 1353-1355 (2008
36. Su LH, Wu TL, Kuo AJ, Chia JH, Chiu CH. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae at a university hospital in Taiwan, 2000-07: Impact of modified non-meningeal penicillin breakpoints in CLSI M100-S18. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 64(2), 336-342 (2009
37. Linares J, Ardanuy C, Pallares R, Fenoll A. Changes in antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 30-year period. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 16(5), 402-410 (2010
38. Cornick JE, Bentley SD. Streptococcus pneumoniae: The evolution of antimicrobial resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and macrolides. Microbes Infect. 14(7-8), 573-583 (2012
39. Nichol KA, Zhanel GG, Hoban DJ. Penicillin-binding protein 1A, 2B, and 2X alterations in Canadian isolates of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46(10), 3261-3264 (2002
40. Zapun A, Contreras-Martel C, Vernet T. Penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactam resistance. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 32(2), 361-385 (2008
41. Chi F, Nolte O, Bergmann C, Ip M, Hakenbeck R. Crossing the barrier: Evolution and spread of a major class of mosaic pbp2x in Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. mitis and S. oralis. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 297(7-8), 503-512 (2007
42. Reinert RR, Reinert S, Van Der Linden M, Cil MY, Al-Lahham A, Appelbaum P. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in eight European countries from 2001 to 2003. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49(7), 2903-2913 (2005
43. Jenkins SG, Brown SD, Farrell DJ. Trends in antibacterial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the USA: Update from PROTEKT US Years 1-4. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 7, 1 (2008
44. Coffey TJ, Dowson CG, Daniels M, Spratt BG. Genetics and molecular biology of beta-lactam-resistant pneumococci. Microb. Drug Resist. 1(1), 29-34 (1995
45. Nagai K, Davies TA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC. Effects of amino acid alterations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1a, 2b, and 2x on PBP affinities of penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefditoren, cefuroxime, cefprozil, and cefaclor in 18 clinical isolates of penicillin-susceptible,- intermediate, and-resistant pneumococci. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46(5), 1273-1280 (2002
46. Maurer P, Todorova K, Sauerbier J, Hakenbeck R. Mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin-binding protein 2x: Importance of the C-Terminal penicillinbinding protein and serine/threonine kinase-Associated domains for beta-lactam binding. Microb. Drug Resist. 18(3), 314-321 (2012
47. Low DE. Quinolone resistance among pneumococci: Therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38(Suppl. 4), S357-S362 (2004
48. Adam HJ, Hoban DJ, Gin AS, Zhanel GG. Association between fluoroquinolone usage and a dramatic rise in ciprofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada, 1997-2006. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 34(1), 82-85 (2009
49. Bhavnani SM, Hammel JP, Jones RN, Ambrose PG. Relationship between increased levofloxacin use and decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 51(1), 31-37 (2005
50. Norskov-Lauritsen N, Marchandin H, Dowzicky MJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility of tigecycline and comparators against bacterial isolates collected as part of the TEST study in Europe (2004-2007). Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 34(2), 121-130 (2009
51. Li X, Zhao X, Drlica K. Selection of Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants having reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin and levofloxacin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46(2), 522-524 (2002
52. Janoir C, Zeller V, Kitzis MD, Moreau NJ, Gutmann L. High-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae requires mutations in parC and gyrA. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40(12), 2760-2764 (1996
53. Balsalobre L, De La Campa AG. Fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae fluoroquinolone-resistant strains with topoisomerase IV recombinant genes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52(3), 822-830 (2008
54. Leclercq R. Mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides: Nature of the resistance elements and their clinical implications. Clin. Infect. Dis. 34(4), 482-492 (2002
55. Jorgensen JH, Mcelmeel ML, Fulcher LC, Mcgee L, Glennen A. Evaluation of disk approximation and single-well broth tests for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49(9), 3332-3333 (2011
56. Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections-full version. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 17(Suppl. 6), E1-E59 (2011
57. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-Acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44(Suppl. 2), S27-S72 (2007
58. Dallas SD, Mcgee L, Limbago B et al. Development of doxycycline MIC and disk diffusion interpretive breakpoints and revision of tetracycline breakpoints for Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51(6), 1798-1802 (2013
59. Van Bambeke F, Reinert RR, Appelbaum PC, Tulkens PM, Peetermans WE. Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections: Current and future therapeutic options. Drugs 67(16), 2355-2382 (2007
60. Draghi DC, Jones ME, Sahm DF, Tillotson GS. Geographically-based evaluation of multidrug resistance trends among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the USA: Findings of the FAST surveillance initiative (2003-2004). Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 28(6), 525-531 (2006
61. Farrell DJ, Couturier C, Hryniewicz W. Distribution and antibacterial susceptibility of macrolide resistance genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae: PROTEKT Year 5 (2003-2004). Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 31(3), 245-249 (2008
62. Lynch JP, 3rd, Zhanel GG. Streptococcus pneumoniae: Does antimicrobial resistance matter? Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 30(2), 210-238 (2009
63. Gertz RE Jr., Li Z, Pimenta FC et al. Increased penicillin nonsusceptibility of nonvaccine-serotype invasive pneumococci other than serotypes 19A and 6A in post-7-Valent conjugate vaccine era. J. Infect. Dis. 201(5), 770-775 (2010
64. Shin J, Baek JY, Kim SH, Song JH, Ko KS. Predominance of ST320 among Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A isolates from 10 Asian countries. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 66(5), 1001-1004 (2011
65. Beall BW, Gertz RE, Hulkower RL, Whitney CG, Moore MR, Brueggemann AB. Shifting genetic structure of invasive serotype 19A pneumococci in the United States. J. Infect. Dis. 203(10), 1360-1368 (2011
66. Hulten KG, Kaplan SL, Lamberth LB et al. Changes in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A invasive infections in children from 1993 to 2011. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51(4), 1294-1297 (2013
67. Vestrheim DF, Steinbakk M, Aaberge IS, Caugant DA. Postvaccination increase in serotype 19A pneumococcal disease in Norway is driven by expansion of penicillin-susceptible strains of the ST199 complex. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 19(3), 443-445 (2012
68. Green K, Mcgeer A, Wong K et al. Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada, 1993-2011. Presented at: 52nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). San Francisco, CA, USA, 9-12 September 2012
69. Kang CI, Baek JY, Jeon K et al. Bacteremic pneumonia caused by extensively drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50(12), 4175-4177 (2012
70. Ko KS, Baek JY, Song JH. Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6D clones in South Korea. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50(3), 818-822 (2012
71. Niederman MS, Luna CM. Community-Acquired pneumonia guidelines: A global perspective. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 33(3), 298-310 (2012