Sorghum: An enigmatic grain for chicken-meat production

Sorghum: Production, Growth Habits and Health Benefits

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-43

  Selle, Peter H ^a   Liu, Sonia Y ^a   Cowieson, Aaron J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886393696     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (99)

1. ACMF (2011). The Australian Chicken Meat Industry: an industry in profile. Australian Chicken Meat Federation (ACMF) Inc. North Sydney, NSW.
2. Amerah, A. M., Ravindran, V., Lentle, R. G. & Thomas, D. G. (2007). Feed particle size: Implications on the digestion and performance of poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63, 439-455.
3. Asquith, T. N., Izuno, C. C. & Butler, L. G. (1983). Characterization of the condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin) from a group II sorghum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 31, 1299-1303.
4. Awika, J. M., Dykes, L., Gu, L., Rooney, L. W. & Prior, R. L. (2003). Processing of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum products alters procyanidin oligomer and polymer distribution and content. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 5516-5521.
5. Barthel, A. & Schmoll, D. (2003). Novel concepts in insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. American Journal of Physiology (Endocrinology and Metabolism), 285, E685-E692.
6. Beckwith, A. C. (1972). Grain sorghum glutelin: isolation and characterization. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 20, 761-764.
7. Beta, T. (1999). Processing of polyphenols-rich sorghums. PhD Thesis. University of Pretoria. Pretoria, RSA.
8. Beta, T. & Corke, H. (2001). Genetic and environmental variation in sorghum starch properties. Journal of Cereal Science, 34, 261-268.
9. Beta, T. & Corke, H. (2004). Effect of ferulic acid and catechin on sorghum and maize starch pasting properties. Cereal Chemistry, 81, 418-422.
10. Bjork, I. M. & Nyman, M. E. (1987). In vitro effects of phytic acid and polyphenols on starch digestion and fiber degradation. Journal of Food Science, 52, 1588-1594.
11. Black, J. L., Hughes, R. J., Nielsen, S. G., Tredrea, A. M., MacAlpine, R. & van Barneveld, R. J. (2005). The energy value of cereal grains, particularly wheat and sorghum, for poultry. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 17, 21-29.
12. Bravo, L. (1998). Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutrition Reviews, 56, 317-333.
13. Briggs, J. L., Maier, D. E., Watkins, B. A. & Behnke, K. C. (1999). Effect of ingredients and processing parameters on pellet quality. Poultry Science, 78, 1464-1471.
14. Bryden, W. L., Li, X., Ravindran, G., Hew, L. I. & Ravindran, V. (2009). Ileal digestible amino acids in feedstuffs for poultry. RIRDC Publication 09/071. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton, ACT.
15. Bryden, W. L., Selle, P. H., Cadogan, D. J., Li, X., Muller, N. D., Jordan, D. R., Gidley, M. J. & Hamilton, W. D. (2009b). A review of the nutritive value of sorghum for broilers. RIRDC Publication 09/077. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton, ACT.
16. Cabrera, M. R. (1994). Effects of sorghum genotype and particle size on milling characteristics and performance of finishing pigs, broiler chicks, and laying hens. MSc Thesis. Kansas State University. Manhattan, KS.
17. Camden, B. J., Morel, P. C. H., Thomas, D. V., Ravindran, V. & Bedford, M. R. (2001). Effectiveness of exogenous microbial phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients in maize-soya-bean meal diets for broilers. Animal Science, 73, 289-297.
18. Chandrashekar, A. & Desikachar, H. S. R. (1981). Studies on the hydration of starches, flour and semolina from different cereal grains. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 18, 12-??
19. Chandrashekar, A. & Kirleis, A. W. (1988). Influence of protein on starch gelatinization in sorghum. Cereal Chemistry, 65, 457-462.
20. Cosgrove, D. J. (1966). The chemistry and biochemistry of inositol polyphosphates. Reviews of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 16, 209-224.
21. Cowieson, A. J., Acamovic, T. & Bedford, M. R. (2004a). The effects of phytase and phytic acid on the loss of endogenous amino acids and minerals from broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 45, 101-108.
22. Cowieson, A. J., Acamovic, T. & Bedford, M. R. (2004b). The effect of phytic acid and phytase on the digestibility of maize starch for growing chickens. Proceedings of the International Poultry Scientific Forum p31 Atlanta GA.
23. Cowieson, A. J. & Selle, P. H. (2011). The environmental impact of low feed conversion ratios in poultry. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition - Australia, 18, 157-164.
24. Csonka, F. A., Murphy, J. C. & Jones, D. B. (1926). The iso-electric points of various proteins. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 48, 763-768.
25. Dalzell, S. A. & Kerven, G. L. (1998). A rapid method for the measurement of Leucaena spp proanthocyanidins by the proanthocyanidin (butanol/HCl) assay. Journal of the Science in Food and Agriculture, 78, 405-416.
26. De Alencar Figeiredo, L. F., Davrieux, F., Fliedel, G., Rami, J. F., Chantreau, J., Deu, M., Cortois, B. & Mestres, C. (2006). Development of NIRS equations for food grain quality traits through exploitation of a core collection of cultivated sorghum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 8501-8509.
27. De Mesa-Stonestreet, N. J., Alavi, S. & Bean, S. R. (2010). Sorghum proteins: the concentration, isolation, modification, and food application of kafirins. Journal of Food Science, 75, R90-R104.
28. Demjen, A. P. & Thompson, L. U. (1991). Calcium and phytic acid independently lower the glycemic response to a glucose load. Proceedings of the 34th Canadian Federaton of Biological Sciences p53 (Abstr).
29. Dlamini, N. R., Taylor, J. R. N. & Rooney, L. W. (2007). The effect of sorghum type and processing on the antioxidant properties of African sorghum-based foods. Food Chemistry, 105, 1412-1419.
30. Doherty, C., Faubion, J. M. & Rooney, L. W. (1982). Semiautomated determination of phytate in sorghum and sorghum products. Cereal Chemistry, 59, 373-377.
31. Drew, M. D., Schafer, T. C. & Zijlstra, R. T. (2012). Glycemic index of starch affects nitrogen retention in grower pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 90, 1233-1241.
32. Duodu, K. G., Taylor, J. R. N., Belton, P. S. & Haymaker, B. R. (2003). Factors affecting sorghum protein digestibility. Journal of Cereal Science, 38, 117-131.
33. Dykes, L. & Rooney, L. W. (2006). Review. Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants. Journal of Cereal Science, 44, 236-251.
34. Emmambux, N. M. & Taylor, J. R. N. (2009). Properties of heat-treated sorghum and maize meal and their prolamin proteins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 1045-1050.
35. Fuller, M. F. & Crofts, R. M. J. (1977). The protein-sparing effect of carbohydrate 1. Nitrogen retention of growing pigs in relation to diet. British Journal of Nutrition, 38, 479-488.
36. Fuller, M. F. & and Reeds, P. J. (1998). Nitrogen cycling in the gut. Annual Reviews in Nutrition, 18, 385-411.
37. Fulks, R. M., Li, J. B. & Goldberg, A. L. (1975). Effects if insulin, glucose, and amino acids on protein turnover in the rat diaphragm. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 250, 290-298.
38. Gidley, M. J., Flanagan, B. M., Sharpe, K. & Sopade, P. A. (2011a). Starch digestion in monogastrics - mechanisms and opportunities. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition - Australia, 18, 207-213. University of New England. Armidale, NSW.
39. Gidley, M. J., Pluschke, A. M., Sopade, P. A., Al-Rabadi, G. J. S., Sultan, A., Gan, C. Y., Li, X., Zhang, D. & Bryden, W. L. (2011b). Sorghum grain starch digestibility: effects of particle size and enzyme treatment. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 22, 139-146.
40. Giuberti, G., Gallo, A., Cerioli, C. & Masoera, F. (2012). In vitro starch digestion and predicted glycaemic index of ceral grains commonly utilized in pig nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 174, 163-173.
41. Hamaker, B. R., Mohamed, A. A., Habben, J. E., Huang, C. P. & Larkins, B. A. (1995). Efficient procedure for extracting maize and sorghum kernel proteins reveals higher prolamin contents than conventional methods. Cereal Chemistry, 72, 583-588.
42. Hughes, R. J. & Choct, M. (1999). Chemical and physical characteristics of grains related to variability in energy and amino acid availability in poultry. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, 689-701.
43. Hughes, R. J. & Choct, M. (1999). Chemical and physical characteristics of grains related to variability in energy and amino acid availability in poultry. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, 689-701.
44. Johnston, S. L., Williams, S. B., Southern, L. L., Bidner, T. D., Bunting, L. D., Matthews, J. O. & Olcott, B. M. (2004). Effect of phytase addition and dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on plasma metabolites and ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility in pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 705-714.
45. Juanpere, J., Perez-Vendrell, A. M. & Brufau, J. (2004). Effect of microbial phytase on broilers fed barley-based diets in the presence or not of endogenous phytase. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 115, 265-279.
46. Kimball, S. R., Jurasinski, C. V., Lawrence, J. C. & Jefferson, L. S. (1997). Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by enhancing the association of eIF-4E and eIF-4G. American Journal of Physiology (Cellular Physiology), 272, C754-C759.
47. Landry, J. & Moureaux, T. (1970). Héterogénéité des glutélines du grain de mais: extraction sélective et composition en acides aminés des trios fractions isolées. [Heterogeneity of glutelins of corn - selective extraction of amino acids of three isolated fractions] Bulletin de la Societe de Chimique Biologique, 52, 1021-1037.
48. Liu, S. Y., Selle, P. H., Court, S. G. & Cowieson, A. J. (2013a). Protease supplementation enhances apparent digestibilities of amino acids at four small intestinal sites in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 24, 41-44.
49. Liu, S. Y., Selle, P. H., Gill, R. J. & Cowieson, A. J. (2013b). Starch and nitrogen digestion kinetics influence growth performance and nitrogen retention in red sorghum-based broiler diets. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 24, 115-118.
50. McClymont, G. L. & Duncan, D. C. (1952). Studies on nutrition of poultry. III. Toxicity of grain sorghum for chicks. Australian Veterinary Journal, 28, 229-233.
51. Mikkelsen, L. L., Yan, S., Goopy, J. P. & Ili, P. A. (2008). Effect of grain type and particle size on growth performance and intestinal microbial populations in broiler chickens. Proceedings, XXIII World's Poultry Congress. World's Poultry Science Association. 30th June to 4th July 2008, Brisbane Qld.
52. Morrison, C. D., Xi, X., White, C. L., Ye, J. & Martin, R. J. (2007). Amino acids inhibit Agrp gene expression via an mTOR-dependent mechanism. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 293, E165-E171.
53. Mosse, J., Huet, J. C. & Baudet, J. (1988). The amino acid composition of whole sorghum grain in relation to its nitrogen content. Cereal Chemistry, 65, 271-277.
54. Nyachoti, C. M., Atkinson, J. L. & Leeson, S. (1997). Sorghum tannins: a review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 53, 5-21.
55. Perez-Maldonado, R. A. & Rodrigues, H. D. (2009). Nutritional characteristics of sorghums from Queensland and New South Wales for Chicken meat production. RIRDC Publication No 09/170. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Barton, ACT.
56. Ravindran, V., Hew, L. I. & Bryden, W. L. (1998). Digestible amino acids in poultry feedstuffs. RIRDC Publication No. 98/9. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton, ACT.
57. Ravindran, V., Cabahug, S., Ravindran, G. & Bryden, W. L. (1999). Influence of microbial phytase on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in feedstuffs for broilers. Poultry Science, 78, 699-706.
58. Rodrigues, H. D., Perez-Maldonado, R. A., Trappett, P., Barram, K. M. & Kemsley, M. (2007). Broiler performance in Australian sorghum-based starter and finisher diets (2005 harvest). Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 19, 93-96.
59. Salunkhe, D. K., Kadam, S. S. & Chavan, J. K. (1977). Nutritional quality of proteins in grain sorghum. Qualitas Plantarum - Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 27, 187-205.
60. Seckinger, H. L. & Wolf, J. (1973). Sorghum protein ultrastructures as it relates to composition. Cereal Chemistry, 50, 455-464.
61. Selle, P. H., Ravindran, V., Pittolo, P. H. & Bryden, W. L. (1999). An evaluation of microbial phytase in sorghum-based broiler diets. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 11, 97-100.
62. Selle, P. H., Ravindran, V., Caldwell, R. A. & Bryden, W. L. (2000). Phytate and phytase: Consequences for protein utilisation. Nutrition Research Reviews, 13, 255-278.
63. Selle, P. H., Walker, A. R. & Bryden, W. L. (2003). Total and phytate-phosphorus contents and phytase activity of Australian-sourced feed ingredients for pigs and poultry. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 45, 475-479.
64. Selle, P. H. & Ravindran, V. (2007). Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 135, 1-41.
65. Selle, P. H., Partridge, G. G. & Ravindran, V. (2009). Beneficial effects of xylanase and/or phytase inclusions on ileal amino acid digestibility energy utilisation mineral retention and growth performance in wheat-based broiler diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 153, 303-313.
66. Selle, P. H., Cadogan, D. J., Li X. & Bryden, W. L. (2010a). Implications of sorghum in broiler chicken nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 156, 57-74.
67. Selle, P. H., Cadogan, D. J., Ru, Y. J. & Partridge, G. G. (2010b). Impact of exogenous enzymes in sorghum- or wheat-based broiler diets on nutrient utilization and growth performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 9, 53-58.
68. Selle, P. H., Gill, R. J. & Downing, J. A. (2010c). The vulnerability of sorghum to 'moist-heat'. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 21, 68-71.
69. Selle, P. H. (2011). The protein quality of sorghum. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 22, 147-160.
70. Selle, P. H., Liu, S. Y., Cai, J. & Cowieson, A. J. (2012a). Steam-pelleting and feed form of broiler diets based on three coarsely ground sorghums influences growth performance, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Animal Production Science, 52, 842-852.
71. Selle, P. H., Cowieson, A. J., Cowieson N. P. & Ravindran, V. (2012). Protein-phytate interactions in pig and poultry nutrition., a reappraisal. Nutrition Research Reviews, 25, 1-17.
72. Selle, P. H., Gill, R. J. & Cowieson, A. J. (2013a). Steam-pelleting temperatures, sorghum variety and feed form influence growth performance, nutrient utilisation and nitrogen digestibility in broiler chickens. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 24, 142-145.
73. Selle, P. H., Liu, S. Y., Cai, J. & Cowieson, A. J. (2013b). Steam-pelleting temperatures, grain variety feed form and protease supplementation of mediumly-ground, sorghum-based broiler diets. I. Influence on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Animal Production Science, 53, (accepted for publication).
74. Shull, J. M., Watterson, J. J. & Kirleis, A. W. (1992). Purification and immunocytochemical localization of kafirins in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) endosperm. Protoplasma, 171, 64-74.
75. Sultan, A., Li, X., Cadogan, D. J. & Bryden, W. L. (2010). Dietary enzymes alter sorghum protein digestibility and AME content. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 21, 94.
76. Sultan, A., Gan, C. Y., Li, X., Zhang, D. & Bryden, W. L. (2011a). Dietary enzyme combinations improve sorghum ileal protein an starch digestibility during the broiler starter phase. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 22, 82.
77. Sultan, A., Gan, C. Y., Li, X., Zhang, D. & Bryden, W. L. (2011b). Dietary enzymes modulate sorghum starch digestion kinetics in broilers. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 22, 83.
78. Sultan, A., Li, X., Zhang, D. & Bryden, W. L. (2011c). Feed enzymes improve ileal protein, starch and mineral digestibility of sorghum by broilers. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition - Australia, 18, 143-144.
79. Symes, K. J. (1961). Classification of Australian wheat varieties based on the granularity of their wholemeal. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 1, 18-23.
80. Symes, K. J. (1965). The inheritance of grain hardness in wheat as measured by the particle size index. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 16, 113-123.
81. Taylor, J. R. N., Schüssler, L. & van der Walt, W. H. (1984). Fractionation of proteins from low-tannin sorghum grain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 32, 149-154.
82. Taylor, J. R. N. & Dewar, J. (2001). Developments in sorghum food technologies. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 43, 217-264.
83. Taylor, J. R. N. (2005). Non-starch polysaccharides, protein and starch: form function and feed - highlights on sorghum. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 17, 9-16.
84. Thompson, L. U. & Yoon, J. H. (1984). Starch digestibility as affected by polyphenols and phytic acid. Journal of Food Science, 49, 1228-1229.
85. Thompson, L. U., Yoon, J. H., Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S. & Jenkins, A. L. (1984). Relationships between polyphenol intake and blood glucose response on normal and diabetic individuals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 39, 745-751
86. Thompson, L. U. (1988a). Antinutrients and blood glucose. Food Technology, 42, 123-131.
87. Thompson, L. U. (1988b). Phytic acid: a factor influencing starch digestibility and blood glucose response. In Phytic Acid: Chemistry and Applications [E Graf, editor] pp 173-194. Pilatus Press, Minneapolis.
88. Tomas, F. M., Pym, R. A., McMurtry, J. P. & Francis, G. L. (1998). Insulin-like growth factor IGF-I but not IGF-II promotes lean growth and feed efficiency in broiler chickens. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 110, 262-275.
89. Tomasik, P. & Schilling, C. H. (1988). Complexes of starch with organic guests. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, 53, 345-426.
90. Virupaksha, T. K. & Sastry, L. V. S. (1968). Studies on the protein content and amino acid composition of some varieties of grain sorghum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 16, 199-203.
91. Walker, T. (1999). Sorghum grain for poultry and swine. ASA Technical Bulletin, AN20-1999, 1-10.
92. Wallace, J. C., Lopes, M. A., Lopes, A., Paiva, E. & Larkins, B. A. (1990). New methods for extraction and quantitation of zeins reveal a high content of zein in modified opaque-2 maize. Plant Physiology, 92, 191-196.
93. Watterson, J. J., Shull, J. M., Mohamed, A. M. A., Reddy, V. & Kirleis, A. W. (1990). Isolation of high-cysteine kafirin protein and its cross-reactivity with gamma-zein antiserum. Journal of Cereal Science, 12, 137-144.
94. Watterson, J. J., Shull, J. M. & Kirleis, A. W. (1993). Quantitation of α-, β-, and γ-kafirins in vitreous and opaque endosperm of Sorghum bicolour. Cereal Chemistry, 70, 452-457.
95. Wong, J. H., Lau, T., Cai, N., Singh, J., Pedersen, J. F., Vensel, W. H., Hurkman, W. J., Wilson, J. D., Lemaux, P. G. & Buchanan, B. B. (2009). Digestibility of protein and starch from sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) is linked to biochemical and structural features of grain endosperm. Journal of Cereal Science, 49, 73-82.
96. Wood, J. F. (1987). The functional properties of feed raw materials and their effect on the production and quality of feed pellets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 18, 1-17.
97. Wu, Y. B., Ravindran, V. & Hendriks, W. H. (2004). Influence of exogenous enzyme supplementation on energy utilisation and nutrient digestibility of cereals for broilers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84, 1817-1822.
98. Yoon, J. H., Thompson, L. U. & Jenkins, D. J. A. (1983). The effect of phytic acid on in vitro rate of starch digestibility and blood glucose response. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 38, 835-852.
99. Zhang, G. & Hamaker, B. R. (1998). Low amylase starch digestibility of cooked sorghum flours and the effect of protein. Cereal Chemistry, 75, 710-713.