Monitoring for Health Hazards at Work: Fourth Edition

Monitoring for Health Hazards at Work: Fourth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages

  Cherrie, John W ^a   Howie, Robin M ^b   Semple, Sean ^c  

^a INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b Independent Consultant ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886012814     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444323313     Document Type: Book

References (188)

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4. HSE (2003). COSHH Essentials Easy Steps to Control Chemicals. HSG 193. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
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6. HSE's COSHH Essentials website. www.coshh-essentials.org.uk/.
7. HSE's COSHH website provides information about the regulations and how to comply with them, plus a list ofWELs. www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/.
8. HSE information about the calculation of exposure with regard to the specified reference periods, with examples. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/calcmethods.pdf.
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17. Information on biological agents. Available at http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/biolhazards/.
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21. UK Legislation is available to download from the Office of Public Sector Information. Available at www.opsi.gov.uk/.
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26. BSI (1996). Workplace Atmospheres-Guidance for the Assessment of Exposure by Inhalation to Chemical Agents for Comparison with Limit Values and Measurement Strategy. BS EN 689. London: BSI. (Note: This standard has come in for some criticism, e.g. from Prof Hans Kromhout from the University of Utrecht.)
27. Kromhout H. (2002). Design of measurement strategies for workplace exposures. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 59(5): 349-354.
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32. Ramachandran G. (2008). Toward better exposure assessment strategies-The new NIOSH initiative. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 52(5): 297-301. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/5/297.
33. Lippmann M, Gomez MR, Rawle GM. (1996). Data elements for occupational exposure databases: guidelines and recommendations for airborne hazards and noise. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 11: 1294-1311.
34. Rajan B, Alesbury R, Carton B, Gerin M, Litske H, Marquart H, Olsen E, Scheffers T, Stamm R,Woldbaek T. (1997). European proposal for core information for storage and exchange of workplace exposure measurements on chemical agents. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 12: 31-39.
35. Tielemans E, Marquart H, de Cock J, Groenewold M, van Hemmen J. (2002). A proposal for evaluation of exposure data. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 46(3): 287-297. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/46/3/287.
36. Guidance on occupational hygiene reports from the Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists. Available at www.aioh.org.au/downloads/documents/AIOHOHReportGuideline.pdf.
37. Mark D. (2005). The sampling of aerosols: principles and methods. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition ( Gardiner K Harrington JM, eds).Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
38. HSE (2005). Asbestos: The Analysts' Guide for Sampling, Analysis and Clearance Procedures. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books. (Note: The CA regulations were published after the Analysts' Guide and some of the details of the regulations described there are incorrect.)
39. HSE Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/.
40. MDHS 14/3: General methods for sampling and gravimetric analysis of respirable and inhalable dust.
41. MDHS 39/4: Asbestos fibres in air sampling and evaluation by Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) under the Control of Asbestos atWork Regulations.
42. MDHS 42/2: Nickel and inorganic compounds of nickel in air (except nickel carbonyl). Laboratory method using flame atomic absorption spectrometry or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
43. MDHS 52/3: Hexavalent chromium in chromium plating mists. Colorimetric field method using 1,5:diphenylcarbazide.
44. MDHS 59: Man-made mineral fibre. Airborne number concentration by phase-contrast light microscopy.
45. MDHS 82: The dust lamp. A simple tool for observing the presence of airborne particles.
46. MDHS 84 Measurement of oil mist from mineral oil-based metalworking fluids.
47. MDHS 101: Crystalline silica in respirable airborne dusts. There are a number of British and international standards that are relevant to sampling workplace air, although it is normal to refer to the HSE methods described above. Standards that are relevant are
48. BS EN ISO 10882-1:2001. Health and safety in welding and allied processes. Sampling of airborne particles and gases in the operator's breathing zone. Sampling of airborne particles.
49. PD ISO/TR 27628:2007. Workplace atmospheres. Ultrafine, nanoparticle and nanostructured aerosols. Inhalation exposure characterization and assessment.
50. PD CEN/TR 15230:2005. Workplace atmospheres. Guidance for sampling of inhalable, thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions.
51. Thorpe, A. (2007). Assessment of personal direct-reading dust monitors for the measurement of airborne inhalable dust. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 51(1): 97-112. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/51/1/97.
52. Kenny LC, Aitken R, Chalmers C, Fabriés JF, Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Kromhout H, Lidén G, Mark D, Riediger G, Prodi V. (1997). A collaborative European study of personal inhalable aerosol sampler performance. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 41(2): 135-153. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/41/2/135
53. Liden G, Surakka, J (2009) A Headset-Mounted Mini Sampler for Measuring Exposure to Welding Aerosol in the Breathing Zone. Annals of Occupational Hygiene; 53(2): 99-116. http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/53/2/99.
54. WHO(1999). Hazard Prevention and Control in theWork Environment: Airborne Dust. Protection of the Human Environment Occupational Health and Environmental Health Series, Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at http://www.who.int/occupationalhealth/publications/airdust/en/index.html.
55. Brown RH. (2005). The sampling of gases and vapours: Principles and methods. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition, ( Gardiner K, Harrington, JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
56. Eriksson K, Liljelind I, Fahlén J, Lampa E. (2005). Should styrene be sampled on the left or right shoulder? An important question in employee self-assessment. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 49(6): 529-533.Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/ reprint/49/6/529.
57. Rosén G, Andersson IM, Walsh PT, Clark RD, S̈äam̈anen A, Heinonen K, Riipinen H, P̈äakk̈onen R. (2005). A review of video exposure monitoring as an occupational hygiene tool. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 49(3): 201-217. Available at http://annhyg. oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/49/3/201.
58. Van Rooij JG, Kasper A, Triebig G, Werner P, Jongeneelen FJ, Kromhout H. (2008). Trends in occupational exposure to styrene in the European glass fibre-reinforced plastics industry. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 52(5): 337-349. Available at http://annhyg. oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/5/337.
59. HSE Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/.
60. MDHS16/2. Mercury and its inorganic divalent compounds in air. Laboratory method usingHydrar diffusive badges or pumped sorbent tubes, acid dissolution and analysis by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry or cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
61. MDHS53/2. 1,3-Butadiene in air. Laboratory method using pumped samplers, thermal desorption and gas chromatography.
62. MDHS71. Analytical quality in workplace air monitoring.
63. MDHS 88. Volatile organic compounds in air. Laboratory method using diffusive samplers, solvent desorption and gas chromatography.
64. MDHS 96. Volatile organic compounds in air. Laboratory method using pumped solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography.
65. The Diffusive Monitor is a free publication of the Health and Safety Executive-Committee on Analytical Requirements, Working Group 5. This Working Group is concerned with workplace and environmental applications of diffusive sampling for assessing air quality. Available at http://www.hsl.gov.uk/publications/diffusive-monitor.html.
66. The NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) is a collection of methods for sampling and analysis of air contaminants that are used in the United States.
67. The methods have been developed or adapted by NIOSH. NMAM also includes chapters on quality assurance, sampling and direct-reading instrumentation. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/.
68. Douwes J, Thorne P, Pearce N, Heederik D. (2003). Bioaerosol health effects and exposure assessment: progress and prospects. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 47(3): 187-200. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/47/3/187.
69. Spaan S, Schinkel J, Wouters IM, Preller L, Tielemans E, Nij ET, Heederik D. (2008). Variability in endotoxin exposure levels and consequences for exposure assessment. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 52(5): 303-316. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/men024v3.
70. Jensen PA, Schafer MP. (2003). Sampling and characterization of bioaerosols. In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th edition. NIOSH Publication Number 2003-154 (3rd Supplement).Washington, DC: CDC NIOSH. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/chapter-j.pdf.
71. HSE (2001). The Management, Design and Operation of Microbiological Containment Laboratories. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
72. http://www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/meetings/committees/acdp/index.htm.
73. http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acdp/index.htm.
74. http://www.hse.gov.uk/biosafety/index.htm.
75. HSE infections web site there is the guidance Infection at Work-Controlling the risk (http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/infection.pdf), which is a very good general document. HIV and hepatitis. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/biosafety/diseases/blood-borne-virus.htm.
76. The Approved List of Biological Agents is available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/ misc208.pdf.
77. Working with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus at http://www.hse.gov.uk/ biosafety/diseases/avianflu.htm.
78. HSE legionnaires website: http://www.hse.gov.uk/legionnaires/index.htm. US NIOSH Asthma and Allergies topic page: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/asthma/.
79. HSE (2004). Medical Aspects of Occupational Skin Disease. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/ms24.pdf.
80. HSE (2001). Assessing and Managing Risks at Work from Skin Exposure to Chemical Agents. HSG205. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
81. HSE (2007). Preventing Contact Dermatitis at Work. INDG233. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books. Available at www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg233.pdf.
82. Cherrie, JW. (2005). Dermal exposure assessment. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition (Gardiner K, Harrington JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
83. Soutar A, Semple S, Aitken RJ, Robertson A. (2000). Use of patches and whole body sampling for the assessment of dermal exposure. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 44: 511-518.
84. Brouwer DH, Boeniger MF, van Hemmen J. (2000). Hand wash and manual skin wipes. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 44: 501-510.
85. Cherrie JW, Brouwer DH, Roff M, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H. (2000). Use of qualitative and quantitative fluorescence techniques to assess dermal exposure. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 44: 519-522.
86. Schneider T, Vermulen R, Brouwer D, Cherrie JW, Kromhout H, Fough CL. (1999). Conceptual model for the assessment of dermal exposure. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56: 765-773.
87. Christopher Y, Semple S, Hughson G, Cherrie JW. (2007). Inadvertent ingestion exposure in the workplace. Bootle, UK: HSE Books. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/ research/rrpdf/rr551.pdf.
88. Cherrie JW, Semple S, Christopher Y, Saleem A, Hughson GW, Philips A. (2006). How important is inadvertent ingestion of hazardous substances at work? Annals of Occupational Hygiene 50: 693-704.
89. Sithamparanadarajah R. (2008). Controlling Skin Exposure to Chemicals and Wet-Work. A Practical Book. Stourbridge, UK: RMS Publishing. Available at British Occupational Hygiene Society website www.BOHS.org.
90. Health and Safety Executive topic pages on skin. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/skin.
91. US NIOSH skin topic page. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/.
92. Where there is a translation of the German TRGS 531 for wet-work. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/pdfs/WetWorkTRGS531.pdf.
93. Gardiner K. (2005). Noise. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition ( Gardiner K, Harrington JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
94. Chang S-J, Chen C-J, Lien C-H, Sung F-C. (2006). Hearing loss in workers EXPOSED to toluene and noise. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(8): 1283-1286. Available at http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1552019&blobtype=pdf.
95. Ferrite S, Santana V. (2005). Joint effects of smoking, noise exposure and age on hearing loss. Occupational Medicine 55(1): 48-53.
96. Neitzel R, Seixas N, Goldman B, Daniell W. (2004). Contributions of non-occupational activities to total noise exposure of construction workers. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 48(5): 463-473. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/ full/48/5/463.
97. Neitzel R, Somers S, Seixas N. (2006). Variability of real-world hearing protector attenuation measurements. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 50(7): 679-691. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/50/7/679.pdf.
98. Neitzel R, Daniell W, Sheppard L, Davies H, Seixas N. (2008). Comparison of perceived and quantitative measures of occupational noise exposure. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 53(1): 41-54. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/53/1/41.
99. HSE (2005). Controlling Noise at Work. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005. L108. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
100. HSE (2000). Noise in Construction. Further Guidance on the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 1989. Sudbury, UK:HSE Books.
101. HSEs noise website with a range of advice and access to free leaflets. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/. The site includes a range of noise control case studies. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/casestudies/fullindex.htm.
102. Smith BJ, Peters RJ, Owen S. (1998). Acoustics and Noise Control, 2nd edition. London: Longman
103. South T. (2004). Managing Noise and Vibration at Work. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann.
104. HSE (2005). Whole-Body Vibration. The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005. Guidance on Regulations. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
105. HSE. (2005) Hand-arm vibration. The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005. Guidance on Regulations. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
106. BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001: Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 1: General requirements.
107. BS EN ISO 5349-2:2002: Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace.
108. BS EN ISO 8041:2005: Human response to vibration. Measuring instrumentation.
109. BS ISO 2631-4:2001: Mechanical vibration and shock. Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Guidelines for the evaluation of the effects of vibration and rotational motion on passengers and crew comfort in fixed-guideway transport systems.
110. The EU Guides to good practice on hand-arm vibration and the guide on whole-body vibration can be downloaded from http://www.humanvibration.com/EU/EU index.htm.
111. Information from the equipment supplier Bruel & Kjaer is available on the internet. Human Vibration published in 2002. Available at http://www.avt-sa.com/education/ Human%20Vibration%20-%20ba7054.pdf.
112. Measuring Vibration from 1982 is available at http://www.bksv.com/pdf/br0094.pdf.
113. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2007). Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH.
114. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2007). Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for heat and cold stress. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH.
115. British Occupational Hygiene Society (1990). The Thermal Environment, Technical Guide No. Leeds, UK: Science Reviews.
116. Aw TC, Gardiner K and Harrington JM. (2007). Pocket Consultant in Occupational Health, 5th edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
117. Parsons KC. (2003). Human Thermal Environments: The Effects of Hot, Moderate, and Cold Environments on Human Health, Comfort, and Performance, 2nd edition. Lincoln, NE: CRC Press.
118. Parsons K. (2006). Heat stress standard ISO 7243 and its global application. Industrial Health 44: 368-379. Available at http://www.jniosh.go.jp/old/niih/en/induhel/2006/pdf/indhealth443368.pdf.
119. Youle A. (2005). The thermal environment. In: Occupational Hygiene ( Gardiner K and Harrington, JM, eds), pp. 286-306. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
120. Information from the HSE website. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/temperature/ index.htm.
121. There is an extensive list of standards related to the thermal environment,which are available at www.bsi-global.com. Other standards are available on the International Standards Organisation website www.iso.org.
122. BS EN 27243:1994: Hot environments-Estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature).
123. BS EN 7726:2001: Ergonomics of the thermal environment-Instruments for measuring physical quantities.
124. BS EN 7933: 2004: Ergonomics of the thermal environment-Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain.
125. Smith, NA. (2005). Light and lighting. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition ( Gardiner K, Harrington JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
126. Smith, NA. (2000). Lighting for Health and Safety. Oxford, UK: Butterworth Heineman.
127. HSE (2002). Lighting at Work. HSG38. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
128. ATEX requirements and information about the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) are described at http://www.hse.gov.uk/fireandexplosion/atex.htm.
129. Clayton RF. (2005). Ionizing radiation: physics, measurement, biological effects and control. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition ( Gardiner G, Harrington JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
130. Martin A, Harbison S. (2006). An Introduction to Radiation Protection, 5th edition. London: Hodder and Arnold.
131. HSE (2000). Work with Ionising Radiation. Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 Approved Code of Practice and Guidance. L121. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
132. HSEs ionising radiation website has useful information. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/radiation/ionising/.
133. Information about ionising radiation from the Health Protection Agency (HPA). Available at www.hpa.org.uk/radiation/.
134. Details of the risks form radon exposure and the possible means of controlling exposure are available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/radiation/ionising/radon.htm.
135. Details of the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP)website is http://www.icrp.org.
136. The history of recommendations from the ICRP can be downloaded at: http://www.icrp.org/docs/Histpol.pdf.
137. Chadwick P. (2005). Non-ionizing radiation: electromagnetic fields and optical radiation. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition (Gardiner K, Harrington JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
138. ICNIRP (1998). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300GHz). Health Physics 74(4): 494-522.
139. ICNIRP (1997). Guidelines on limits of exposure to broad-band incoherent optical radiation (0.38-3μm). Health Physics 73(3): 539-554.
140. ICNIRP (2006). ICNIRP statement on far infrared radiation exposure. Health Physics 91(6): 630-645.
141. ICNIRP (2000). Revision of guidelines on limits of exposure to laser radiation for wavelengths between 400 nm and 1.4 μm. Health Physics 79(4): 431-440.
142. ICNIRP (2004). Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent radiation). Health Physics 87(2): 171-186.
143. Vecchia P, Hietanen M, Stuck BE, van Deventer E, Niu S. (2007). Protecting Workers from Ultraviolet Radiation. ICNIRP 14/2007. Oberschleißheim, Germany: ICNIRP.
144. Ahlbom A, Green A, Kheifets L, Savitz D, Swerdlow A. (2004). Epidemiology of Health Effects of Radiofrequency Exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives 112(17): 1741-1754.
145. Independent Advisory Group on Non-Ionising Radiation (2008). Static Magnetic Fields. RCE- Didcot: Health Protection Agency.
146. HSEs non-ionising radiation website: http://www.hse.gov.uk/radiation/nonionising/.
147. US NIOSH electric and magnetic field's website: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/EMF/.
148. ICNIRP guidelines and other useful information are available at http://www.icnirp.de/documents/downloads.htm.
149. Gardiner K. (2005). Control philosophy. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition ( Gardiner K, Harrington JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
150. Health and Safety Executive (2005). Control of Substances Hazardous to Health, 5th edition. Approved Code of Practice. L5. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
151. Fransman W, Schinkel J, Meijster T, Van Hemmen J, Tielemans E, Goede H. (2008). Development and evaluation of an exposure control efficacy library (ECEL). Annals of Occupational Hygiene 52(7): 567-575.
152. Gill FS. (2005). Ventilation. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition (Gardiner K, Harrington JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
153. American Conference of Government IndustrialHygienists (2007). Testing of ventilation systems. In: Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Design, 26th edition. Lansing, MI: ACGIH.
154. Burgess WA, Ellenbecker MJ, Treitman RD. (2004). Ventilation for Control of the Work Environment. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.
155. Daly BB. (1992). Woods Practical Guide to Fan Engineering, 3rd edition. Colchester, UK:Woods of Colchester.Available at http://www.flaktwoods.com/169/0/1/34bd869d-e1da-4f17-9209-8bb33b2ffa8a.
156. Nicholson GP, Clark RP, Grover F, de Calcina-Goff ML. (2000). A simple method for fume cupboard performance assessment. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 44(4): 291-300. Available at http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/4/291.
157. HSE (2000). General Ventilation in the Workplace. HSG 202. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
158. HSE (2005). Control of substances hazardous to health (Fifth edition) and Approved Code of Practice to Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as amended). L5. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
159. HSE (2008). Controlling Airborne Contaminants at Work. A Guide to Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV). Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
160. BS 848-1:1997: Fans for General Purpose. Methods of testing performance.
161. BS EN 14175-2:2003: Fume cupboards. Safety and performance requirements. There is information for employers, employees and designers/installers/testers of LEV on the HSE's LEV home page. The site includes videos of common processes and sources. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/lev/index.htm.
162. Howie RM. (2005). Personal protective equipment. In: Occupational Hygiene, 3rd edition (Gardiner K, Harrington JM, eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
163. BSI (2005). Respiratory Protective Devices Recommendations for Selection, Use, Care and Maintenance Guidance Document-Supersedes BS 4275: 1997. BS 529. London: British Standards Institution.
164. BSI (2001). Selection, Use and Maintenance of Chemical Protective Clothing. BS 7184. London: British Standards Institution.
165. HSE (2005). Respiratory Protective Equipment at Work-A Practical Guide (HSG 53). Sudbury, UK: HSE Books.
166. HSE (2003). Selection of Personal Protective Equipment: Chemicals Causing Harm Via Skin or Eye Contact (Control Guidance Sheet S101). Sudbury, UK: HSE Books. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/guidance/s101.pdf.
167. HSE (2003). Selection of Personal Protective Equipment: Control Approach S Supplementary Advice (Control Guidance Sheet S102). Sudbury, UK: HSE Books. Available at http://www.hse. gov.uk/pubns/guidance/s102.pdf.
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