Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 56, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 765-773

  Schneider, Thomas ^a   Vermeulen, Roel ^b   Brouwer, Derk H ^e   Cherrie, John W ^c   Kromhout, Hans ^b   Fogh, Christian L ^d  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT   (Denmark)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^d TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^e NONE

Author keywords

Dermal exposure; Measurement methods; Model

Indexed keywords

PESTICIDE;

ANALYTIC METHOD; COMPARTMENT MODEL; CONTAMINATION; NOMENCLATURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKIN SURFACE; STANDARDIZATION; TISSUE PERFUSION;

EID: 0032831995     PISSN: 13510711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/oem.56.11.765     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Fenske RA. Dermal exposure assessment techniques. Ann Occup Hyg 1993;37:687-706.
2. Fenske RA, van Hemmen J. Occupational skin exposure to chemical substances: setting limits. Ann Occup Hyg 1994;38:333-6.
3. Bos PMJ, Brouwer DH, Stevenson H, et al. Proposal for the assessment of quantitative dermal exposure limits in occupational environments: part 1. Development of a concept to derive a quantitative dermal exposure limit. Occup Environ Med 1998;55:795-804.
4. Cherrie JW, Robertson A. Biologically relevant assessment of dermal exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 1995;39;387-92.
5. Sartorelli P, Aprea C, Cenni A, et al. Prediction of percutaneous absorption from physicochemical data: a model based on data of in vitro experiments. Ann Occup Hyg 1998;42:267-77.
6. McKone TE, Howd RA, Estimating dermal uptake of nonionic: organic chemicals from water and soil: I. Unified fugacity-based models for risk assessments. Risk Anal 1992;12:543-57.
7. Hall D, Reed J. The time dependence of the resuspension of particles. Ann Occup Hyg 1989;20:839-42.
8. Fedele PD. Model of aerosol protection offered by permeable protective garments. In: MacBriaty JP, Henry NW, eds. Performance of protective clothing. Vol 4. Philadelphia American Society for Testing Materials, 1992. (ASTM STP 1133.)
9. Crouse JL, DeJonge JO, Calogero F. Pesticide barrier performance of selected non-woven fabrics in laboratory capillary and press penetration testing. Textile Research Journal 1990;60:137-42.
10. Roed J, Andersson KG, Bell KF, et al. Quantitative measurement of aerosol deposition on skin, hair and clothing for dosimetric assessment. Roskild, Denmark: Risø National Laboratory, 1998. (Risø-R-1028(EN).)
11. Carson B, Wells F, Stolz M, et al. Dermal exposure assessment. A literature review. Las Vegas, NV: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1992. (Report EPA 600/X-92/002.)
12. Durham WF, Wolfe HR. Measurement of the exposure of workers to pesticides. Bull World Health Organ 1962;26:75-91.
13. Roff MW. A novel lightning system for the measurement of dermal exposure using a fluorescent dye and a image processor. Ann Occup Hyg 1994;38:903-19.
14. Roff MW. Accuracy and reproducibility of calibrations on the skin using the FIVES fluorescence monitor. Ann Occup Hyg 1997;41:313-24.
15. Fenske RA, Birnbaum SG. Second generation video imaging technique for assessing dermal exposure (VITAE-system). Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1997;58:636-46.
16. Archibald BA, Solomon KR, Stephenson GR. A new procedure for calibrating the video imaging technique for assessing dermal exposure to pesticides. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1994;26:398-402.
17. Bierman EPB, Brouwer DH, van Hemmen JJ. Implementation and evaluation of the fluorescent tracer technique in greenhouse exposure studies. Ann Occup Hyg 1998;42:467-75.
18. Dost AA. Monitoring inorganic airborne and surface contamination by a portable XRF spectrometer. Epidemiology 1995;6:547.
19. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Sampling for surface contamination. Industrial hygiene technical manual chapter 2. Washington, DC: OSHA, 1990.
20. Wheeler JP, Stancliffe JD. Comparison of methods for monitoring solid particulate surface contamination in the workplace. Ann Occup Hyg 1998;42:477-88.
21. Schneider T, Kildesø J, Petersen OH, et al. Design and calibration of a simple instrument for measuring dust on surfaces in the indoor environment. Indoor Air 1996;6:204-10.
22. Ness SA. Surface and dermal monitoring for toxic exposures. Chapter 7. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994:191-4.
23. Iwata Y, Knaak JB, Spear RC et al. Worker re-entry into pesticide- treated crops: I Procedure for the determination of dislodgeable residues on foliage. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1977;10:649-55.
24. Rougier A, Lotte C, Dupuis D. An original predictive method for in vivo percutaneous absorption studies. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1987;38:397-417.
25. Environmental Protection Agency. Pesticide assessment guidelines. Subdivision U. Applicator exposure monitoring. Washington, DC: US EPA, 1986.
26. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Guidance document for the conduct of studies of occupational exposure to pesticides during agricultural application. Paris: OECD, 1997. (Series on Testing and Assessment No 9.)
27. Royster GW, Fish BR. Techniques for assessing removable surface contamination. In: Fish BR, ed. Surface contamination, proceedings of a symposium held at Gatlingsburg, Tennessee. New York: Pergamon Press, 1967, 201-7.
28. Kildesø J, Vinzents P, Kloch NP, et al. A simple method for measuring the potential resuspension of dust from carpets in the indoor environment. Textile Research Journal 1999;69:169-75.
29. Farfel MR, Lees PSJ, Rohde CA, et al. Comparison of a wipe and a vacuum collection method for the determination of lead in residential dusts. Environ Res 1994;65:291-301.
30. Wolkoff P. An emission cell for measurement of volatile organic compounds emitted from building materials for indoor use: the field and laboratory emission cell FLEC. Gefahrstoffe-Reinhaltung der Luft 1996;56:151-7.
31. Morrison BM, Scala DD. Comparison of instrumental measurements of skin hydration. Journal of Toxicology Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 1996;15:305-14.
32. Finley BL, Scott PK, Mayhall DA. Development of a standard soil-to-skin adherence probability density function fur use in Monte Carlo analyses of dermal exposure. Risk Anal 1994;14:555-69.
33. Schneider T, Stokholm J. Accumulation of fibres in the eyes of workers handling man-made mineral fibres. Scand J Work Environ Health 1981;7:271-6.
34. European Committee for Standardisation. Workplace atmospheres: size fraction definitions for measurements of airborne particles. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization, 1993. (CEN. EN 481.)
35. Vincent J. Aerosol sampling science and practice. Chichester: John Wiley, 1989.
36. Anzai I, Kikuchi T. A new monitoring technique of surface contamination-the test surface method. Health Physics 1978;34:271-3.
37. Gudmundsson A, Schneider T, Bohgard M, et al. Deposition of airborne particles onto the human eye: wind tunnel studies of the deposition velocity onto the eyes of a mannequin. J Aerosol Sci 1997;28:1085-100.
38. Cohen BM, Popendorf W. A method for monitoring dermal exposure to volatile chemicals. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1989;50:216-23.
39. Perkins JL, Vescial K. An evaluation of charcoal cloth as a potential field monitor for the efficacy of chemical protective clothing. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1997;12:362-6.
40. Zweig G, Leffinwell JT, Popendorf WJ. The relationship between dermal pesticide exposure by fruit harvesters and dislogeable foliar residues. Environ Sci Health 1985;20:27-59.
41. Brouwer DH, Kroese R, van Hemmen JJ. Transfer of contaminants from surface to hands: experimental assessment of linearity of the exposure process, adherence to skin, and area exposed during fixed pressure and repeated contact with surfaces contaminated with a powder. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1999;14:231-9.
42. Ross J, Thongsinthusak T, Fong HR, et al. Measuring potential dermal transfer of surface pesticide residue generated from indoor fogger use: an interim report. Chemosphere 1998;20:349-60.
43. Yang Y, Li S. Frictional transition of pesticides from protective clothing. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1993;25:279-84.
44. Breum NO, Ørhede E. Dilution versus displacement ventilation: environmental conditions in a garment sewing plant Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1994;55:140-8.
45. Fenske RA, Lu C. Determination of handwash removal efficiency: incomplete removal of the pesticide chlorpyrifos from skin by standard handwash techniques. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1994;55;425-32.
46. Anna DH, Zellers ET, Sulewski R. ASTM F739 method for testing the permeation resistance of protective clothing materials: critical analysis with proposed changes in procedure and test-cell design. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1998;59;547-65.
47. Roper CS, Howes D, Blain PG, et al. Percutaneous penetration of 2-phenoxyethanol through rat and human skin. Food Chem Toxicol 1997;35;1009-16.