Nonmass-Dependent Isotopic Fractionation Processes: Mechanisms and Recent Observations in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments

Treatise on Geochemistry

Volumn 4-9, Issue , 2007, Pages 1-24

  Thiemens, M H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ISOTOPES; KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY;

COSMOCHEMISTRY; EXTRATERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS; FRACTIONATION PROCESS; HIGH-PRECISION; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATIONS; PROCESS MECHANISMS; STABLE ISOTOPES; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT; TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS;

MOLECULES;

EID: 84885996783     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/04037-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (135)

1. Alexander B., Park R.J., Jacob D., Li Q.B., yantosca R.M., Savarino J., Lee C.C.W., Thiemens M.H. Sulfate formation in sea-salt aerosols: constraints from oxygen isotopes. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:10307.
2. Alexander B., Savarino J., Barkov N.I., Delmas R.J., Thiemens M.H. Climate driven changes in the oxidation pathways of atmospheric sulfate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29(14):30.
3. Alexander B., Savarino J., Farquhar J., Thiemens M.H., Jourdain B., Legrand M. Recent variations in the mass independent fractionation of the oxygen isotopes of sulfate: measurements from Greenland ice cores. EOS, Trans., AGU 1999, 80:F134.
4. Alexander B., Savarino J., Kreutz K.J., Thiemens M.H. Impact of preindustrial biomass-burning emissions on the oxidative pathways of tropospheric sulfur and nitrogen. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:8030-8038.
5. Alexander B., Savarino J., Sneed S., Kreutz K., Thiemens M.H. Climate changes from measurements of atmospheric sulfate. EOS, Trans., AGU. 2002.
6. Alexander B., Savarino J., Thiemens M.H., Delmas R. Variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate from the last interglacial period to the Holocene: implications of a mass-independent anomaly. EOS, Trans., AGU 2000, 81:F38.
7. Alexander B., Thiemens M.H., Farquhar J., Kaufman A.J., Savarino J., Delmas R.J. East Antarctic ice core sulfur isotope measurements over a complete glacial-interglacial cycle. J. Geophys. Res. D 2003, 24:1-7.
8. 6 and CFC tracer concentrations in the Arctic polar vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:4103.
9. 2 M. J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 107:5385-5392.
10. Anderson S.M., Morton J., Mauersberger K. Laboratory measurements of ozone isotopomers by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1989, 156:175180.
11. 17O effects in the hydrologic cycle: indirect evidence and implications. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2004, 68:3487-3495.
12. 2. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2001, 15:871-880.
13. 2. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2003, 17:1-14.
14. 2 using oxygen isotopic exchange with a solid oxide. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2001, 15:2426-2437.
15. Babikov D., Kendrick B.K., Walker R.B., Pack R.T., Fleurat-Lesard P., Schinke R. Formation of ozone: metastable states and anomalous isotope effect. J. Chem. Phys. 2003, 119:2577-2589.
16. Babikov D., Kendrick B.K., Walker R.B., Schinke R., Pack R.T. Quantum origin of an anomalous isotope effect in ozone formation. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2003, 372:689-691.
17. 17O-anomalous sulfate in an Oligocene ash bed. Chem. Geol. 2005, 127:34-38.
18. 17O compositions. Nature 2000, 407:499.
19. Bao H., Jenkins K., Khachaturyan M., Diaz G.C. Different sulfate sources and their post-depositional migration in Atacama soils. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2004, 224:577-587.
20. Bao H., Michalski G.M., Thiemens M.H. Sulfate oxygen-17 anomalies in desert varnishes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2001, 65:2029-2036.
21. Bao H., Reheis M.C. Multiple oxygen and sulfur isotopic analysis on water soluble sulfate in bulk atmospheric deposition from the southwestern United States. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:1-9.
22. 17O compositions in massive sulphate deposits on earth. Nature 2000, 406:176-178.
23. Bao H., Thiemens M.H., Heine K. Oxygen-17 excesses of the central Namib gypretes: spatial distribution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2001, 192:125-135.
24. Bao H., Thiemens M.H., Loope D.B., Yuan X.-L. Sulfate oxygen-17 anomlay in an Oligocene ash bed in mid-North America: was it dry fogs?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30:1-4.
25. Barth V., Zahn A. Oxygen isotope composition of carbon dioxide in the middle atmosphere. J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 102(12):995-1001.
26. Bender M.L. Science 2000, 288:5473.
27. Bhattacharya S., Savarino J., Thiemens M.H. A new class of oxygen isotopic fractionation in photodissociation of carbon dioxide: potential implications for atmospheres of mars and earth. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27:1459-1462.
28. Bigeleisen J., Mayer M.G. Calculation of equilibrium constants for isotopic exchange reactions. J. Chem. Phys. 1947, 15:261-267.
29. Boering K., Jackson T., Hoag K.J., Cole A.S., Perri M.J., Atlas E. Observations of the anomalous oxygen isotopic composition of carbon dioxide in the lower stratosphere and the flux of the anomaly to the troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L03109.
30. Brenninkmeijer C.A.M., Janssen C., Kaiser K., Rockmann T., Rhee T.S., Assonov S.S. Isotope effects in the chemistry of atmospheric trace compounds. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103:5125-5161.
31. 16O ratio. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 12:479.
32. Clayton R.N. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 2002, XXXIII:1326.
33. Clayton R.N., Grossman L., Mayeda T.K. A component of primitive nuclear composition in carbonaceous meteorites. Science 1973, 182:485-488.
34. Clayton R. N. and Mayeda T. K. (1988) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52.
35. Colman J.J., Xu J.P., Thiemens M.H., Trogler W.C. Photopolymerization and mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionations in carbon disulfide. Science 1996, 273:774-778.
36. Cooper G.W., Thiemens M.H., Jackson T.L., Chang S. Sulfur and hydrogen isotope anomalies in meteorite sulfonic acids. Science 1997, 277:1072-1074.
37. Cress R.G., Williams M.W., Sievering H. IAHS Publ 1995, 228:33.
38. Farquhar J., Bao H., Thiemens M. Atmospheric influence of earth's earliest sulfur cycle. Science 2000, 289:756-758.
39. Farquhar J., Jackson T.L., Thiemens M.H. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2000, 64:1819.
40. 2 photolysis: implications for the early atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:32829-32839.
41. Farquhar J., Savarino J., Jackson T.L., Thiemens M.H. Evidence of atmospheric sulphur in the martian regolith from sulphur isotopes in meteorites. Nature 2000, 404:50-53.
42. Farquhar J., Wing B.A. Multiple sulfur isotopes and the evolution of the atmosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003, 213:1-13.
43. Gao Y.Q., Marcus R.A. Strange and unconventional isotope effects in ozone formation. Science 2001, 293:259.
44. Gao Y.Q., Marcus R.A. On the theory of the strange and unconventional isotopic effects in ozone formation. J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 116:137-154.
45. Gao Y.Q., Marcus R.A. A theoretical study of ozone isotopic effects using a modified ab initio potential energy surface. J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 117:1536-1543.
46. Goodrich C.A., Jones J.H., Berkley S.L. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1987, 51:2255.
47. Guenther J., Erbacher B., Krankowsky D., Mauersberger K. Pressure dependence of two relative ozone formation rate coefficients. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 306:209-213.
48. 18 mixtures. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000, 324:31.
49. Hathorn B.C., Marcus R.A. An intramolecular theory of the mass-independent isotope effect for ozone. II. Numerical implementation at low pressures using a loose transition state. J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 113:5586-5589.
50. Hathorn R.C., Marcus R.A. An intramolecular theory of the mass-independent isotope effect for ozone. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 111:4087-4099.
51. Heidenreich J.E., Thiemens M.H. A non-mass-dependent oxygen isotope effect in the production of ozone from molecular oxygen: the role of molecular symmetry in isotope chemistry. J. Chem. Phys. 1986, 84:2129-2136.
52. Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. III: Electronic Spectra and Electronic Structures of Polyatomic Molecules 1966, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
53. Hoag K.J., Still C.J., Fung I., Boering K.A. Triple isotope composition of tropospheric carbon dioxide as a tracer of terrestrial gross carbon fluxes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L02802-L02805.
54. 36 contents of meteorites and their relation to chemical and nuclear effects. J. Geophys. Res. 1965, 70:3475-3484.
55. Irion F.W., Gunson M.R., Rinsland C.P., Yung Y.L., Abrams M.C., Change A.Y., Goldman A. Heavy ozone enrichments from ATMOS infrared solar spectra. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1996, 23:2377-2380.
56. Janssen C. Does symmetry drive isotopic anomalies in ozone isotopomer formation?. Science 2001, 294:951.
57. 18O mixtures. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 111:7179-7182.
58. 18O oxygen mixtures. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 367:34-38.
59. Janssen C., Guenther J., Mauersberger K., Krankowsky D. Kinetic origin of the ozone isotope effect: a critical analysis of enrichments and rate coefficients. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2001, 3:4718-4721.
60. 16O to trace atmospherically-deposited sulfate in surface waters: a case study in alpine watersheds in the rocky mountains. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:4483-4486.
61. 1D) isotopic exchange: laboratory and modeling studies. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105(15):15213-15229.
62. Johnston J.C., Thiemens M.H. The isotopic composition of tropospheric ozone in three environments. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 105:25395-25404.
63. Johnston J.C., Thiemens M.H. Mass independently fractionated ozone in the earth's atmosphere and in the laboratory. Handbook of Stable Isotope Techniques 2004, Elsevier, Holland. P. deGroot (Ed.).
64. Kasibhatla P., Chameides W.L., St John J. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(D3):3737.
65. Kasting J.F. Earth history-the rise of oxygen. Science 2001, 293:819-820.
66. Kemper F., Jager C., Waters L., Henning T., Molster T.J., Banlow M.D., Lim T., de Koter A. Nature 2002, 415:295.
67. Kendall C. and McDonnell J. J. (1998) Isotope Tracks in Catchment Hydrology.
68. Kornexyl B.E., Gehre M., Hofling R., Werner R.A. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13:1685.
69. Krankowsky P., Bartecki F., Klees G.G., Mauersberger K., Stehr J. Measurement of heavy ozone enrichment in tropospheric ozone. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1995, 22:1713-1716.
70. Krankowsky P., Lämmerzahl P., Mauersberger K. Isotopic measurements of stratospheric ozone. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27:2593-2596.
71. Krot A.N., Hutcheon I.D., Yurimoto H., Cuzzi J.N., McKeegan K.D. Evolution of oxygen isotopic composition in the inner solar nebula. Astrophys. J. 2005, 622:1333-1342.
72. Lämmerzahl P., Rockmann T., Brenninkmeijer C.M.M., Krankowsky D., Mauersberger K. Oxygen isotope composition of stratospheric carbon dioxide. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29:1-23.
73. 2 in aqueous solution. EOS, Trans., AGU 1998, 79:91.
74. Lee C.C.-W., Thiemens M.H. Multiple stabble oxygen isotopic studies of atmospheric sulfate aerosols. EOS, Trans., AGU 1997, 78:F111.
75. 18O) isotopic ratios of primary sulfate produced from combustion processes. Tellus 2002, 54B:193-200.
76. Lee C.-W., Savarino J., Thiemens M.H. Mass independent oxygen isotopic composition of atmospheric sulfate: origin and implications for the present and past atmospheres of earth and mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:1783.
77. 18O measurements of atmospheric sulfate from a coastal and high plane region: a mass independent isotopic anomaly. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:17359-17373.
78. Lelieveld J., Roelofs G.J., Ganzeweld L., Feichter J., Rodhe H. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. B 1997, 352:149.
79. Luz B., Barkan E. Assessment of oceanic productivity with the triple-isotope composition of dissolved oxygen. Science 2000, 288:2028-2031.
80. Luz B., Barkan E., Bender M.L., Thiemens M.H., Boering K.A. Triple-isotope composition of atmospheric oxygen as a tracer of biosphere productivity. Nature 1999, 400:547-549.
81. Lyons J.R. Transfer of mass-independent fractionation in other oxygen-containing radicals in the atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:3231-3234.
82. Lyons J. R. and Young E. D. (2003) Towards an evaluation of self-shielding at the x-point as the origin of the oxygen isotope anomaly in CAIs. Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXIV (abstract).
83. Lyons J. R. and Young E. D. (2004) Evolution of oxygen isotopes in the solar nebula. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXXV.
84. Lyons J.R., Young E.D. CO self-shielding as the origin of oxygen isotope anomalies in the early solar nebula. Nature 2005, 435:317-320.
85. Marcus R.A. Mass-independent isotope effect in the earliest processed solids in the the solar system: a possible chemical mechanism. J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 121:8201-8218.
86. Mauersberger K. Measurement of heavy ozone in the stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1981, 8:935-938.
87. Mauersberger K. Ozone isotope measurements in the stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1987, 14:80-83.
88. Mauersberger K., Erbacher B., Krankowsky D., Günther J., Nickel R. Ozone isotope enrichment: isotopomer-specific rate coefficients. Science 1999, 283:370-372.
89. Mauersberger K., Krankowsky D., Janssen C., Schinke R. Assessment of the ozone isotope effect. Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 2005, vol. 50. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
90. Michalski G., Bohlke J.K., Thiemens M.H. Long term atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrate and other salts in the Atacama desert, Chile: new evidence from mass-independent oxygen isotopic compositions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2004, 68:4023-4038.
91. 17O. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:2175-2181.
92. 17O nitrate reference material. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74:4989-4993.
93. 17O in atmospheric nitrate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30:1-5.
94. Michalski G., Thiemens M.H. EOS, Trans., AGU 2000, 81:120.
95. Miller M.F., Franchi I.A., Thiemens M.H., Jackson T.L., Brass A., Kurat G., Dilliger C.T. Mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes during thermal decomposition of carbonates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2002, 99:10988-10993.
96. Mittlefehldt D.W., McCoy T.J., Goodrich C.A., Kracher E.A. Non-chondritic meteorite from asteroidal bodies. Planet. Mater. 1998, 36:1-195.
97. Mojzsis S.J., Coath O.J., Greenwood J.P., McKeegan K.D., Harrison T.M. Mass-independent isotope effects in the Archean (2.5-3.8 Ga) sedimentary sulfides determined by ion-microprobe multicollection. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2003, 67:1635-1678.
98. Mook W.O. Environmental Isotopes in the Hydrological Cycle: Principles and Applications: Vol. I. Introduction-Theory, Methods Review 2000, UUESCO/IAEA, Paris.
99. 2-a possible explanation for oxygen isotopic anomalies in meteorites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1985, 73:1-16.
100. Nier A.O., Ney F.P., Ingraham M.G. A null method for the comparison of two ion currents in a mass spectrometer. Rev. Sci. Instr. 1947, 18:294-297.
101. Nittler L.O.'D., Alexander C., Gao X., Walker R.M., Zinner E.K. Meteoritic oxide grain from a supernova found. Nature 1998, 393:222-225.
102. Nittler L.R. Presolar stardust in meteorites: recent advances and scientific frontiers. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003, 209:259-273.
103. Paerl H.W. Interaction of nitrogen and carbon cycles in the marine environment. Can. J. Fish. Aquatic. Sci. 1993, 50:2254.
104. Pavlov A.A., Kasting J.F. Mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in Archaen sediments. Strong evidence for an anoxic Archean atmosphere. Astrobiology 2002, 2:27-41.
105. Rai V.K., Jackson T.L., Thiemens M.H. Photochemical mass-independent sulfur isotopes in achondritic meteorites. Science 2005, 309:1062-1064.
106. Rasch P.J., Barth M.C., Kiehl J.T., Schwartz S.E., Benkovitz C.M. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105:1367.
107. Revesz K., Boehlice J.K., Yoshinavi T. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69:4375.
108. Runnegar B., Coath C.D., Lyons J.R., McKeegan K.D. Mass-independent and mass-dependent sulfur processing throughout the Archean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66:A655-A670.
109. Savarino J., Alexander B., Sneed S., Kreutz K., Thiemens M.H. EOS, Trans., AGU 2002, 83(19):545.
110. Savarino J., Bekki S., Cole-Dai J., Thiemens M.H. Evidence from mass independent oxygen isotopic compositions of dramatic changes in atmospheric oxidation following massive volcanic eruptions. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:1-7.
111. Savarino J., Lee C.C.-W., Thiemens M.H. Laboratory oxygen isotopic study of sulfur (IV) oxidation: origin of mass-independent oxygen isotopic anomaly in atmospheric sulfates and sulfate mineral deposits on earth. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105:29079-29090.
112. Savarino J., Romero A., Cole-Dai J., Bekki S., Thiemens M.H. UV induced mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation in stratospheric volcanic sulfate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30:1-4.
113. 2 in natural water and first measurements. Atmos. Environ. 1993, 33:3683-3690.
114. 18O) fractionation found in Hx, Ox, reactions. J. Phys. Chem. 1999, 103:9221.
115. Schueler B., Morton J., Mauersberger K. Measurement of isotopic abundances in collected stratospheric ozone samples. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1990, 17:1295-1298.
116. Stehr J., Krankowsky D., Mauersberger K. Collection and analysis of atmospheric ozone samples. J. Atmos. Chem. 1996, 24:317.
117. Strunk M., Engel A., Schmidt U., Volk C.M., Wetter T., Levin I., Glatzel-Mattheiz H. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27:341.
118. Thiemens M.H. Mass-independent isotope effects in planetary atmospheres and the early solar system. Science 1999, 283:341-345.
119. Thiemens M.H. Mass-independent isotope effects and their use in understanding natural processes. Israel J. Chem. 2002, 42:43-52.
120. Thiemens M. H. (2006) History and applications of mass independent isotope effects. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. (accepted).
121. Thiemens M.H., Brearly A., Jackson T., Bobias G. Meteoritics 1994, 29:540.
122. Thiemens M.H., Heidenreich J.E. The mass-independent fractionation of oxygen: a novel isotope effect and its possible cosmochemical consequences. Science 1983, 219:1073-1075.
123. Thiemens M.H., Jackson T., Zipf E.C., Erdman P.N., Vansgmond C. Carbon dioxide and oxygen isotope anomalies in the mesosphere and stratosphere. Science 1995, 270:969-972.
124. Thiemens M.H., Jackson T.L. Pressure dependency for heavy isotope fractionation in ozone formation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1988, 15:639-642.
125. 2. J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1991, 18:669.
126. Thiemens M.H., Savarino J., Farquhar J., Bao H. Mass-independent isotopic compositions in terrestrial and extraterrestrial solids and their applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34:645-652.
127. Urey H.C. The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances. J. Chem. Soc. 1947, 47:562-581.
128. Wasserburg G. J., Busso M., Gallino R., and Nollett K. M. (2006) Short-lived nuclei in the early solar system: possible AGB sources. Nucl. Phys. A (in press).
129. 2 exchange and stratospheric consequences. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:12801-12808.
130. Weston R.E. Anomalous or mass-independent isotope effects. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99:2115-2136.
131. 13C constraints on the paleoprotozoic atmosphere during he earliest Huronian glaciation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66:840-850.
132. Yung Y.L., DeMore W.B., Pinto J.P. Isotope exchange between carbon dioxide and ozone via O(1D) in the stratosphere. Geophys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 18:13-16.
133. Yung Y.L., Lee A.Y.T., Irion W.B., DeMore W.B., Wen J. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: isotope exchange with ozone and its use as a tracer in the middle atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:10857-10866.
134. Yurimoto H., Kuramoto K., Krot A. N., Scott E. R. D., Cuzzi J. N., Thiemens M. H., and Lyons J. R. (2006) Origin and evolution of oxygen isotopic compositions of the solar system. Proto Stars Planets V (accepted).
135. 2. J. Phys. Chem. 1999, 103:2477-2480.