Viral persistence in HIV infection: Much known, much to learn

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 208, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1356-1358

  Chun, Tae Wook ^a   Fauci, Anthony S ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

2 LTR HIV DNA; antiretroviral therapy; eradication; HIV; intensification; plasma viremia; viral reservoirs

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO; RALTEGRAVIR; VIRUS RNA;

CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INFECTION CONTROL; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERSISTENT VIRUS INFECTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; VIREMIA; VIRUS LATENCY; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

2-LTR HIV DNA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ERADICATION; HIV; INTENSIFICATION; PLASMA VIREMIA; VIRAL RESERVOIRS;

FEMALE; FIBRIN FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITORS; HIV LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; PYRROLIDINONES;

EID: 84885400029     PISSN: 00221899     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit455     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Fauci AS, Folkers GK. Toward an AIDS-free generation. JAMA 2012; 308:343-4
2. Davey RT Jr., Bhat N, Yoder C, et al. HIV-1 and T cell dynamics after interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with a history of sustained viral suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:15109-14
3. Chun TW, Stuyver L, Mizell SB, et al. Presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:13193-7
4. Wong JK, Hezareh M, Gunthard HF, et al. Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia. Science 1997; 278:1291-5
5. Finzi D, Hermankova M, Pierson T, et al. Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Science 1997; 278:1295-300
6. Hutter G, Nowak D, Mossner M, et al. Longterm control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/ Delta32 stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:692-8
7. Saez-Cirion A, Bacchus C, Hocqueloux L, et al. Post-Treatment HIV-1 controllers with a long-Term virological remission after the interruption of early initiated antiretroviral therapy ANRS VISCONTI Study. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003211
8. Persaud D, Gay H, Ziemniak C, et al. Functional HIV cure after very early ART of an infected infant [abstract 48LB]. Presented at: 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Atlanta, Georgia, 2013
9. Deeks SG, Autran B, Berkhout B, et al. Towards an HIV cure: A global scientific strategy. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:607-14
10. Chun TW, Fauci AS. HIV reservoirs: Pathogenesis and obstacles to viral eradication and cure. AIDS 2012; 26:1261-8
11. Margolis DM, Hazuda DJ. Combined approaches for HIV cure. Curr Opin HIVAIDS 2013; 8:230-5
12. Blazkova J, Chun TW, Belay BW, et al. Effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors on HIV production in latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells from infected individuals receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:765-9
13. Hatano H, Strain MC, Scherzer R, et al. Increase in the number of 2-long terminal repeat circles and decrease in the level of Ddimers after intensification of raltegravir therapy in patients with treated HIV infection: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1436-42
14. Deeks SG. HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging. Annu Rev Med 2011; 62:141-55
15. Chun TW, Nickle DC, Justement JS, et al. HIV-infected individuals receiving effective antiviral therapy for extended periods of time continually replenish their viral reservoir. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:3250-5
16. Chun TW, Nickle DC, Justement JS, et al. Persistence of HIV in gut-Associated lymphoid tissue despite long-Term antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:714-20
17. Yukl SA, Gianella S, Sinclair E, et al. Differences in HIV burden and immune activation within the gut of HIV-positive patients receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:1553-61
18. Sigal A, Kim JT, Balazs AB, et al. Cell-To-cell spread of HIV permits ongoing replication despite antiretroviral therapy. Nature 2011; 477:95-8
19. Gandhi RT, Zheng L, Bosch RJ, et al. The effect of raltegravir intensification on lowlevel residual viremia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2010; 7: E1000321. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000321
20. Hatano H, Hayes TL, Dahl V, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of raltegravir intensification in antiretroviral-Treated, HIV-infected patients with a suboptimal CD4+ T cell response. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:960-8
21. Buzon MJ, Massanella M, Llibre JM, et al. HIV-1 replication and immune dynamics are affected by raltegravir intensification of HAART-suppressed subjects. Nat Med 2010; 16:460-5
22. Yukl SA, Shergill AK, McQuaid K, et al. Effect of raltegravir-containing intensification on HIV burden and T-cell activation in multiple gut sites of HIV-positive adults on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2010; 24:2451-60
23. SharkeyM. Tracking episomal HIV DNA: Implications for viral persistence and eradication of HIV. Curr Opin HIVAIDS 2013; 8:93-9
24. Sharkey ME, Teo I, Greenough T, et al. Persistence of episomal HIV-1 infection intermediates in patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy. NatMed 2000; 6:76-81
25. Sharkey M, Triques K, Kuritzkes DR, Stevenson M. In vivo evidence for instability of episomal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cDNA. J Virol 2005; 79:5203-10
26. Strain MC, Lada SM, Luong T, et al. Highly precise measurement of HIV DNA by droplet digital PCR. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55943.