Mapping bikeability: A spatial tool to support sustainable travel

Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design

Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 865-883

  Winters, Meghan ^a   Brauer, Michael ^b   Setton, Eleanor M ^c   Teschke, Kay ^b  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bicycle; Built environment; GIS; Physical activity; Spatial tool; Urban planning

Indexed keywords

CYCLE TRANSPORT; GIS; MAPPING; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SPATIAL DATA; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR; URBAN AREA; URBAN PLANNING;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; VANCOUVER;

EID: 84885231582     PISSN: 02658135     EISSN: 14723417     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1068/b38185     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aertsens J, de Geus B, Vandenbulcke G, Degaweuse B, Broekx S, De Nocker L, Leikens I, Mayeres I, Meeusen R, Thomas I, Torfs R, Willems H, Int Panis L, 2010, "Commuting by bike in Belgium, the costs of minor accidents" Accident Analysis and Prevention 426 2149-2157.
2. Aultman-Hall L, Hall F L, 1998, "Ottawa-Carleton commuter cyclist on- and off-road incident rates" Accident Analysis and Prevention 301 29-43.
3. Aultman-Hall L, Hall F L, Baetz B B, 1997, "Analysis of bicycle commuter routes using geographic information systems: implications for bicycle planning" Transportation Research Record number 1578, 102-110.
4. Barnes G, Krizek K, 2005, "Estimating bicycling demand" Transportation Research Record number 1939, 45-51.
5. BC Government, 2006. Digital Road Atlas www.gov.bc.ca/crgb/products/mapdata/digital_road_atlas_products.htm
6. Bhat C R, Sener I N, Eluru N, 2009a, "Who are bicyclists? Why and how much are they bicycling?" Transportation Research Record number 2134, 63-72.
7. Bhat C R, Sener I N, Eluru N, 2009b, "An analysis of bicycle route choice preferences in Texas US" Transportation 365 511-539.
8. Brownson R C, Hoehner C M, Day K, Forsyth A, Sallis J F, 2009, "Measuring the built environment for physical activity: state of the science" American Journal of Preventive Medicine 364. S99-S123.
9. Cervero R, Duncan M, 2003, "Walking bicycling and urban landscapes: evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area" American Journal of Public Health 939 1478-1483.
10. Dill J, 2009, "Bicycling for transportation and health: the role of infrastructure" Journal of Public Health Policy 30. S95-S110.
11. Dill J, Carr T, 2003, "Bicycle commuting and facilities in major US cities: if you build them commuters will use them-another look" Transportation Research Record number 1828, 116-123.
12. Elvik R, Mysen A B, 1999, "Incomplete accident reporting: meta-analysis of studies made in 13 countries" Transportation Research Record number 1665, 133-140.
13. Environment Canada. 2009. Climate Normals http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html
14. European Commission, 1999. Cycling: The Way Ahead for Towns and Cities (European Commission, Brussels)
15. Ewing R, Schmid T, Killingsworth R, Zlot A, Raudenbush S, 2003, "Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity obesity and morbidity" American Journal of Health Promotion 181 47-57.
16. Ewing R, Handy S, Brownson R C, Clemente O, Winston E, 2006, "Identifying and measuring urban design qualities related to walkability" Journal of Physical Activity and Health 3. S223-S240.
17. Flowerdew R, Manley D J, Sabel C E, 2008, "Neighbourhood effects on health: does it matter where you draw the boundaries?" Social Science and Medicine 666 1241-1255.
18. Forsyth A, Oakes J M, Schmitz K H, Hears M, 2007, "Does residential density increasing walking and other physical activity?" Urban Studies 44 679-697
19. Frank L D, Sallis J F, Saelens B E, Leary L, Cain K, Conwa T L, Hess P M, 2009, "The development of a walkability index: application to the neighborhood quality of life study" British Journal of Sports Medicine 44 924-933.
20. Frumkin H, Frank L D, Jackson R, 2004. Urban Sprawl and Public Health: Designing Planning and Building for Health Communities (Island Press, Washington, DC)
21. Handy S, Cao X Y, Mokhtarian P L, 2006, "Self-selection in the relationship between the built environment and walking" Journal of the American Planning Association 721 55-74.
22. Horner M W, Murray A T, 2002, "Excess commuting and the modifiable areal unit problem" Urban Studies 391 131-139.
23. Hunt J D, Abraham J E, 2007, "Influences on bicycle use" Transport Policy 344 453-470.
24. Jelinski D E, Wu J G, 1996, "The modifiable areal unit problem and implications for landscape ecology" Landscape Ecology 113 129-140.
25. Krizek K J, 2003, "Operationalizing neighbourhood accessibility for land use-travel behavior research and regional modeling" Journal of Planning Education and Research 22 270-287.
26. Krizek K J, 2006, "Two approaches to valuing some of bicycle facilities' presumed benefits" Journal of the American Planning Association 723 309-320.
27. Krizek K J, Handy S L, Forsyth A, 2009, "Explaining changes in walking and bicycling behavior: challenges for transportation research" Environment Planning B: Planning and Design 364 725-740.
28. Landis B, Vattikuti V, Brannick M, 1997, "Real-time human perceptions: towards a bicycle level of service" Transportation Research Record number 1578, 119-126.
29. Larsen J, El-Geneidy A, 2010, "Build it but where? A GIS methodology for guiding the planning of new cycling facilities", in Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers paper #10-0514.
30. Lee C, Moudon A V, 2006, "The 3Ds + R: quantifying land use and urban form correlates of walking" Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 113 204-215.
31. Metro Vancouver, 2006. Key Facts-Population-2006. Census http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/statistics/Pages/KeyFacts.aspx
32. Miller T, 2010, "Portland's bicycle facilities and the Portland Bicycle Plan for 2030" National Bike Summit 2010, Washington DC, March 9-11, 2010 http://www.bikeleague.org/conferences/summit10/portland_bike_facilities.pdf
33. Moudon A V, Lee C, 2003, "Walking and bicycling: an evaluation of environmental audit instruments" American Journal of Health Promotion 181 21-37.
34. Moudon A V, Lee C, Cheadle A D, Collier C W, Johnson D, Schmid T L, Weather R D, 2005, "Cycling and the built environment: a US perspective" Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 10 245-261.
35. Nelson A C, Allen D, 1997, "If you build them commuters will use them: association between bicycle facilities and bicycle commuting" Transportation Research Record number 1578, 79-83.
36. Pucher J, Dijkstra P, 2003, "Promoting safe walking and cycling to improve public health: lessons from the Netherlands and Germany" American Journal of Public Health 939 1509-1516.
37. Richards C G S, 2010, "Neighborhood bikeability and BMI in NYC", in Active Living Research Annual Conference 2010, San Diego, CA http://www.activelivingresearch.org/
38. Saelens B E, Handy S L, 2008, "Built environment correlates of walking: a review" Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 407. S550-S566.
39. Saelens B E, Sallis J F, Frank L D, 2003, "Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: findings from the transportation urban design and planning literatures" Annals of Behavioral Medicine 252 80-91.
40. Schneider R J, Rodriguez D A, Young H M, 2006, "Easy-to-compute index for identifying built environments that support walking", in Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers paper #06-1489.
41. Statistics Canada, 2006 2006. Census: Mode of Transportation http://www.statcan.gc.ca
42. Stinson M A, Bhat C R, 2003, "Commuter bicyclist route choice-analysis using a stated preference survey" Transportation Research Record number 1828, 107-115
43. Transportation Research Board and Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2005. Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity?: Examining the Evidence (National Academies of Sciences, Washington, DC)
44. Voros K M, Birk M, 2010, "Cycle zone analysis: an innovative approach to bicycle planning" Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers paper #10-2680.
45. Wahlgren L, Schantz P, 2011, "Bikeability and methodological issues using the active commuting route environment scale ACRES in a metropolitan setting" BMC Medical Research Methodology 111 6.
46. Wahlgren L, Stigell E, Schantz P, 2010, "The active commuting route environment scale (ACRES): development and evaluation" International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 7 doi.10.1186/1479-5888-7-58.
47. Winters M, Cooper A, 2008.What Makes a Neighbourhood Bikeable? Reporting on the Results of Focus Group Sessions University of British Columbia for TransLink, Vancouver, BC, http://www.cyclingincities.spph.ubc.ca/files/2011/10/WhatMakesNeighbourhoodsBikeable.pdf
48. Winters M, Teschke K, 2010, "Route preferences among adults in the near market for bicycling: findings of the cycling in cities study" American Journal of Health Promotion 2010 25 40-47.
49. Winters M, Brauer M, Setton E M, Teschke K, 2010a, "Built environment influences on healthy transportation choices: bicycling versus driving" Journal of Urban Health 87 969-993.
50. Winters M, Teschke K, Grant M, Setton E M, Brauer M, 2010b, "How far out of the way will we travel? Built environment influences on route selection for bicycle and car travel" Transportation Research Record number 2190, 1-10.
51. Winters M, Davidson G, Kao D, Teschke K, 2011a, "Motivators and deterrents of bicycling: comparing influences on decisions to ride" Transportation 38 153-168.
52. Winters M, Van Loon J, Frank L D, 2011b, "Walkability and bikeability: what is the link?" Walk21. Conference, Vancouver, Canada, October 3-6, 2011 http://www.walk21.com/papers/608-winters.pdf