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note
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We used the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) modal split figures here for the United States even though 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) statistics are available. Comparable 2000 or 2001 travel survey data are not yet available for the other countries shown in Figure 1. Moreover, the 2001 walk share reported by the NHTS is not even comparable with the earlier NPTS surveys of American walking levels, because 2001 survey methodology was drastically changed to capture more walk trips, definitely exaggerating any real increase in walking between 1996 and 2001.
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The 2001 NHTS reports a higher percentage of walk trips in American cities (8.6% in 2001 compared with 5.4% in 1995), but the increase is solely due to a very important change in survey methodology, which introduced multiple prompts by survey interviewers to capture all possible walk trips. Thus, the 2001 walk share figure for the United States is not comparable with earlier NPTS surveys in 1977, 1983, 1990, and 1995. For full details of both the earlier NPTS surveys and the 2001 NHTS survey, as well as detailed analysis of socioeconomic variations and time trends, see Pucher and Renne, "Socioeconomics of Urban Travel." For that reason, and also because we have only 1995 walk share data for most other European countries, we have used the 1995 modal split shares for international comparisons in this article.
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