Reserve size and fragmentation alter community assembly, diversity, and dynamics

American Naturalist

Volumn 182, Issue 5, 2013, Pages

  Lasky, Jesse R ^a,b   Keitt, Timothy H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

Habitat fragmentation; Mass effects metacommunity; Productivity; Single large or several small (SLOSS); Spatial autocorrelation; Variance partitioning; Wavelet

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AUTOCORRELATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DISPERSAL; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NICHE; SEEDLING; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; WAVELET;

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; THEORETICAL MODEL; TREE;

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ECOSYSTEM; MODELS, THEORETICAL; POPULATION DYNAMICS; TREES;

EID: 84885218115     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/673205     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Biswas, S., and H. Wagner. 2012. Landscape contrast: a solution to hidden assumptions in the metacommunity concept? Landscape Ecology 27:621-631.
2. Borcard, D., and P. Legendre. 2002. All-scale spatial analysis of ecological data by means of principal coordinates of neighbour matrices. Ecological Modelling 153:51-68.
3. Cadotte, M. W. 2006. Metacommunity influences on community richness at multiple spatial scales: a microcosm experiment. Ecology 87:1008-1016.
4. Chase, J. M., P. Amarasekare, K. Cottenie, A. Gonzalez, R. D. Holt, M. Holyoak, M. F. Hoopes, et al. 2005. Competing theories for competitive meta-communities. Pages 335-354 in M. Holyoak, M. A. Leibold, and R. D. Holt, eds. Metacommunities: spatial dynamics and ecological communities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
5. Chisholm, C., Z. Lindo, and A. Gonzalez. 2011. Metacommunity diversity depends on connectivity and patch arrangement in heterogeneous habitat networks. Ecography 34:415-424.
6. Coates, K. D., C. D. Canham, M. Beaudet, D. L. Sachs, and C. Messier. 2003. Use of a spatially explicit individual-tree model (SORTIE/ BC) to explore the implications of patchiness in structurally complex forests. Forest Ecology and Management 186:297-310.
7. Cook, W. M., J. Yao, B. L. Foster, R. D. Holt, and L. B. Patrick. 2005. Secondary succession in an experimentally fragmented landscape: community patterns across space and time. Ecology 86:1267-1279.
8. Debinski, D. M., and R. D. Holt. 2000. A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments. Conservation Biology 14:342-355.
9. Diamond, J. M. 1975. The island dilemma: lessons of modern biogeographic studies for the design of natural reserves. Biological Conservation 7:129-146.
10. Economo, E. P. 2011. Biodiversity conservation in metacommunity networks: linking pattern and persistence. American Naturalist 177:E167-E180.
11. Economo, E. P., and T. H. Keitt. 2008. Species diversity in neutral metacommunities: a network approach. Ecology Letters 11:52-62.
12. Economo, E. P., and T. H. Keitt. 2010. Network isolation and local diversity in neutral metacommunities. Oikos 119:1355-1363.
13. Eriksson, O. 1996. Regional dynamics of plants: a review of evidence for remnant, source-sink and metapopulations. Oikos 77:248-258.
14. Ewers, R. M., and R. K. Didham. 2007. The effect of fragment shape and species' sensitivity to habitat edges on animal population size. Conservation Biology 21:926-936.
15. Fahrig, L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:487-515.
16. Falcy M. R., and B. J. Danielson. 2011. When sinks rescue sources in dynamic environments. Pages 139-154 in J. Liu, V. Hull, A. T. Morzillo, and J. A. Wiens, eds. Sources, sinks, and sustainability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
17. Gonzalez, A., N. Mouquet, and M. Loreau. 2009. Biodiversity as spatial insurance: the effects of habitat fragmentation and dispersal on ecosystem functioning. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
18. Gravel, D., C. D. Canham, M. Beaudet, and C. Messier. 2006. Reconciling niche and neutrality: the continuum hypothesis. Ecology Letters 9:399-409.
19. Grimm, V., U. Berger, F. Bastiansen, S. Eliassen, V. Ginot, J. Giske, J. Goss-Custard, et al. 2006. A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models. Ecological Modelling 198:115-126.
20. Grimm, V., U. Berger, D. L. DeAngelis, J. G. Polhill, J. Giske, and S. F. Railsback. 2010. The ODD protocol: a review and first update. Ecological Modelling 221:2760-2768.
21. Grimm, V., E. Revilla, U. Berger, F. Jeltsch, W. M. Mooij, S. F. Railsback, H.-H. Thulke, J. Weiner, T. Wiegand, and D. L. DeAngelis. 2005. Pattern-oriented modeling of agent-based complex systems: lessons from ecology. Science 310:987-991.
22. Gustafson, E. J., and R. H. Gardner. 1996. The effect of landscape heterogeneity on the probability of patch colonization. Ecology 77: 94-107.
23. Higgs, A. J. 1981. Island biogeography theory and nature reserve design. Journal of Biogeography 8:117-124.
24. Holt, R. D. 1992. A neglected facet of island biogeography: the role of internal spatial dynamics in area effects. Theoretical Population Biology 41:354-371.
25. Horn, H. S., and R. H. MacArthur. 1972. Competition among fugitive species in a harlequin environment. Ecology 53:749-752.
26. Howeth, J. G., and M. A. Leibold. 2010. Species dispersal rates alter diversity and ecosystem stability in pond metacommunities. Ecology 91:2727-2741.
27. Hurtt, G. C., and S.W. Pacala. 1995. The consequences of recruitment limitation: reconciling chance, history and competitive differences between plants. Journal of Theoretical Biology 176:1-12.
28. Keitt, T. H. 2000. Spectral representation of neutral landscapes. Landscape Ecology 15:479-494.
29. Keitt, T. H. 2009. Habitat conversion, extinction thresholds, and pollination services in agroecosystems. Ecological Applications 19: 1561-1573.
30. Keitt, T. H., D. L. Urban, and B. T. Milne. 1997. Detecting critical scales in fragmented landscapes. Conservation Ecology 1:4.
31. Kissling, W. D., C. Rahbek, and K. Böhning-Gaese. 2007. Food plant diversity as broad-scale determinant of avian frugivore richness. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274:799-808.
32. Lahti, T., and E. Ranta. 1985. The SLOSS principle and conservation practice: an example. Oikos 44:369-370.
33. Lande, R. 1996. Statistics and partitioning of species diversity, and similarity among multiple communities. Oikos 76:5-13.
34. Lasky, J. R., and T. H. Keitt. Data from: Reserve size and fragmentation alter community assembly, diversity, and dynamics. American Naturalist, Dryad Digital Repository, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1vp3j.
35. Laurance, W. F., L. V. Ferreira, J. M. Rankin-de Merona, and S. G. Laurance. 1998. Rain forest fragmentation and the dynamics of Amazonian tree communities. Ecology 79:2032-2040.
36. Leibold, M. A., M. Holyoak, N. Mouquet, P. Amarasekare, J. M. Chase, M. F. Hoopes, R. D. Holt, et al. 2004. The metacommunity concept: a framework for multi-scale community ecology. Ecology Letters 7:601-613.
37. Lindenmayer, D. B., and J. Fischer. 2007. Tackling the habitat fragmentation panchreston. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22:127-132.
38. Loreau, M. 2010. From populations to ecosystems: theoretical foundations for a new ecological synthesis. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
39. Loreau, M., N. Mouquet, and A. Gonzalez. 2003. Biodiversity as spatial insurance in heterogeneous landscapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 100:12765-12770.
40. MacArthur, R., and R. Levins. 1967. The limiting similarity, convergence, and divergence of coexisting species. American Naturalist 101:377-385.
41. MacArthur, R. H., and E. O. Wilson. 1963. An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography. Evolution 17:373-387.
42. MacArthur, R. H., and E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
43. Margules, C., A. J. Higgs, and R. W. Rafe. 1982. Modern biogeographic theory: are there any lessons for nature reserve design? Biological Conservation 24:115-128.
44. Margules, C. R., and R. L. Pressey. 2000. Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243-253.
45. McCarthy, M. A., C. J. Thompson, A. L. Moore, and H. P. Possingham. 2011. Designing nature reserves in the face of uncertainty. Ecology Letters 14:470-475.
46. Morgan, J. W., and B. J. Farmilo. 2012. Community (re)organization in an experimentally fragmented forest landscape: insights from occupancy-scale patterns of common plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science 23:962-969.
47. Mouquet, N., and M. Loreau. 2003. Community patterns in sourcesink metacommunities. American Naturalist 162:544-557.
48. Mouquet, N., T. E. Miller, T. Daufresne, and J. M. Kneitel. 2006. Consequences of varying regional heterogeneity in source-sink metacommunities. Oikos 113:481-488.
49. Nicholson, E., M. I. Westphal, K. Frank, W. A. Rochester, R. L. Pressey, D. B. Lindenmayer, and H. P. Possingham. 2006. A new method for conservation planning for the persistence of multiple species. Ecology Letters 9:1049-1060.
50. Ovaskainen, O. 2002. Long-termpersistence of species and the SLOSS problem. Journal of Theoretical Biology 218:419-433.
51. Pacala, S. W., C. D. Canham, J. Saponara, J. A. Silander, R. K. Kobe, and E. Ribbens. 1996. Forest models defined by field measurements: estimation, error analysis and dynamics. Ecological Monographs 66:1-43.
52. Palmer, M. W. 1992. The coexistence of species in fractal landscapes. American Naturalist 139:375-397.
53. Pearson, R. G., and T. P. Dawson. 2005. Long-distance plant dispersal and habitat fragmentation: identifying conservation targets for spatial landscape planning under climate change. Biological Conservation 123:389-401.
54. Peres-Neto, P. R., P. Legendre, S. Dray, and D. Borcard. 2006. Variation partitioning of species data matrices: estimation and comparison of fractions. Ecology 87:2614-2625.
55. Roy, M., M. Pascual, and S. A. Levin. 2004. Competitive coexistence in a dynamic landscape. Theoretical Population Biology 66:341-353.
56. Schwilk, D. W., and D. D. Ackerly. 2005. Limiting similarity and functional diversity along environmental gradients. Ecology Letters 8:272-281.
57. Seabloom, E. W., A. P. Dobson, and D. M. Stoms. 2002. Extinction rates under nonrandom patterns of habitat loss. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99:11229-11234.
58. Shmida, A., and S. Ellner. 1984. Coexistence of plant species with similar niches. Plant Ecology 58:29-55.
59. Shmida, A., and M. V. Wilson. 1985. Biological determinants of species diversity. Journal of Biogeography 12:1-20.
60. Shugart, H. H., T. M. Smith, and W. M. Post. 1992. The potential for application of individual-based simulation models for assessing the effects of global change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23:15-38.
61. Simberloff, D., and L. G. Abele. 1976. Island biogeography theory and conservation practice. Science 191:285-286.
62. Simberloff, D., and L. G. Abele. 1982. Refuge design and island biogeographic theory: effects of fragmentation. American Naturalist 120:41-50.
63. Simberloff, D., and J. Martin. 1991. Nestedness of insular avifaunas: simple summary statistics masking complex species patterns. Ornis Fennica 68:178-192.
64. Soulé, M. E., and D. Simberloff. 1986. What do genetics and ecology tell us about the design of nature reserves? Biological Conservation 35:19-40.
65. Tilman, D. 2004. Niche tradeoffs, neutrality, and community structure: a stochastic theory of resource competition, invasion, and community assembly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 101:10854-10861.
66. Tilman, D., C. L. Lehman, and K. T. Thomson. 1997. Plant diversity and ecosystem productivity: theoretical considerations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 94:1857-1861.
67. Tscharntke, T., J. M. Tylianakis, T. A. Rand, R. K. Didham, L. Fahrig, P. Batáry, J. Bengtsson, et al. 2012. Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes-eight hypotheses. Biological Reviews 87:661-685.
68. Uriarte, M., C. D. Canham, J. Thompson, J. K. Zimmerman, L. Murphy, A. M. Sabat, N. Fetcher, and B. L. Haines. 2009. Natural disturbance and human land use as determinants of tropical forest dynamics: results from a forest simulator. Ecological Monographs 79:423-443.
69. Werner, E. E., K. L. Yurewicz, D. K. Skelly, and R. A. Relyea. 2007. Turnover in an amphibian metacommunity: the role of local and regional factors. Oikos 116:1713-1725.
70. Yu, M., G. Hu, K. J. Feeley, J. Wu, and P. Ding. 2012. Richness and composition of plants and birds on land-bridge islands: effects of island attributes and differential responses of species groups. Journal of Biogeography 39:1124-1133.