The innate immune system and transplantation

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

Volumn 3, Issue 10, 2013, Pages

  Farrar, Conrad A ^a   Kupiec Weglinski, Jerzy W ^b   Sacks, Steven H ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENT; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

ALLOGRAFT; ANIMAL; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); GRAFT REJECTION; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; INNATE IMMUNITY; MOUSE; PHYSIOLOGY; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ALLOGRAFTS; ANIMALS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS; GRAFT REJECTION; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; MICE; REPERFUSION INJURY; T-LYMPHOCYTES; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY;

EID: 84885055281     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21571422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015479     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Amura CR, Renner B, Lyubchenko T, Faubel S, Simonian PL, Thurman JM. 2012. Complement activation and toll like receptor-2 signaling contribute to cytokine production after renal ischemia/reperfusion. Mol Immunol 52: 249-257.
2. Arslan F, Smeets MB, O'Neill LA, Keogh B, McGuirk P, Timmers L, Tersteeg C, Hoefer IE, Doevendans PA, Pas-terkamp G, et al. 2010. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is mediated by leukocytic toll-like receptor-2 and reduced by systemic administration of a novel anti-toll like receptor-2 antibody. Circulation 121: 80-90.
3. Arumugam TV, Okun E, Tang SC, Thundyil J, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM. 2009. Toll-like receptors in ischemia-re-perfusion injury. Shock 32: 4-16.
4. {thorn}: A potential new radiopharmaceutical for imaging activated complement. PLoS ONE 6: e18275.
5. Bamboat ZM, Ocuin LM, Balachandran VP, Obaid H, Plitas G, DeMatteo RP. 2010. Conventional DCs reduce liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via IL-10 secretion. J Clin Invest 120: 559-569.
6. {thorn} T cell as a major pathogenic factor in ischemic acute renal failure. J Clin Invest 108: 1283-1290.
7. Busche MN, Stahl GL. 2010. Role of the complement components C5 and C3a in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Ger Med Sci 8: 1-11.
8. Chen J, John R, Richardson JA, Shelton JM, Zhou XJ, Wang Y, Wu QQ, Hartono JR, Winterberg PD, Lu CY. 2011. Toll-like receptor 4 regulates early endothelial activation during ischemic acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 79: 288-299.
9. Colvin RB, Smith RN. 2005. Antibody-mediated organ-al-lograft rejection. Nat Rev Immunol 5: 807-817.
10. Damman J, Daha MR, van Son WJ, Leuvenink HG, Ploeg RJ, Seelen MA. 2011a. Cross talk between complement and Toll-like receptor activation in relation to donor brain death and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Transplant 11: 660-669.
11. Damman J, Seelen MA, Moers C, Daha MR, Rahmel A, Leuvenink HG, Paul A, Pirenne J, Ploeg RJ. 2011b. Systemic complement activation in deceased donors is associated with acute rejection after renal transplantation in the recipient. Transplantation 92: 163-169.
12. De CA, Abe M, Lau H, Hackstein H, Raimondi G, Thomson AW. 2005. Low TLR4 expression by liver dendritic cells correlates with reduced capacity to activate allogeneic T cells in response to endotoxin. J Immunol 174: 2037-2045.
13. Dempsey PW, Allison ME, Akkaraju S, Goodnow CC, Fearon DT. 1996. C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: Bridging innate and acquired immunity. Science 271: 348-350.
14. Eppinger MJ, Deeb GM, Bolling SF, Ward PA. 1997. Mediators of ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat lung. Am J Pathol 150: 1773-1784.
15. Farrar CA, Zhou W, Lin T, Sacks SH. 2006. Local extravas-cular pool of C3 is a determinant of postischemic acute renal failure. FASEB J 20: 217-226.
16. Farrar CA, Asgari E, Lynch N, Roscher S, Stover CM, Schwaeble WJ, Sacks SH. 2009. Mannan binding lectin associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) is a critical player in the pathophysiology of renal ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and mediates tissue injury in absence of complement C4. Mol Immunol 46: 2832.
17. Farrar CA, Keogh B, McCormack W, O'Shaughnessy A, Parker A, Reilly M, Sacks SH. 2012. Inhibition of TLR2 promotes graft function in a murine model of renal transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury. FASEB J 26: 799-807.
18. Fondevila C, Shen XD, Tsuchihashi S, Uchida Y, Freitas MC, Ke B, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. 2008. The membrane attack complex (C5b-9) in liver cold ischemia and reperfusion injury. Liver Transpl 14: 1133-1141.
19. Gerritsma JS, Gerritsen AF, van KC, van Es LA, Daha MR. 1996. Interleukin-1a enhances the biosynthesis of complement C3 and factor B by human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Mol Immunol 33: 847-854.
20. Goldberg A, Parolini M, Chin BY, Czismadia E, Otterbein LE, Bach FH, Wang H. 2007. Toll-like receptor 4 suppression leads to islet allograft survival. FASEB J 21: 2840-2848.
21. Goldstein DR, Tesar BM, Akira S, Lakkis FG. 2003. Critical role of the Toll-like receptor signal adaptor protein MyD88 in acute allograft rejection. J Clin Invest 111: 1571-1578.
22. Gonzalez-Stawinski GV, Tan CD, Smedira NG, Starling RC, Rodriguez ER. 2008. Decay-accelerating factor expression may provide immuno protection against antibody-mediated cardiac allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 27: 357-361.
23. Griesemer AD, Okumi M, Shimizu A, Moran S, Ishikawa Y, Iorio J, Arn JS, Yamada K. 2009. Upregulation of CD59: Potential mechanism of accommodation in a large animal model. Transplantation 87: 1308-1317.
24. Hart ML, Ceonzo KA, Shaffer LA, Takahashi K, Rother RP, Reenstra WR, Buras JA, Stahl GL. 2005. Gastrointestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury is lectin complement pathway dependent without involving C1q. J Immunol 174: 6373-6380.
25. 2/2 setting. Immunity 16: 429-439.
26. Ji H, Shen X, Gao F, Ke B, Freitas MC, Uchida Y, Busuttil RW, Zhai Y, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. 2010. Programmed death-1/B7-H1 negative costimulation protects mouse liver against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Hepatology 52: 1380-1389.
27. Jordan JE, Montalto MC, Stahl GL. 2001. Inhibition of mannose-binding lectin reduces postischemic myocardi-al reperfusion injury. Circulation 104: 1413-1418.
28. Kaplan MH, Volanakis JE. 1974. Interaction of C-reactive protein complexes with the complement system. I: Consumption of human complement associated with the reaction of C-reactive protein with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide and with the choline phosphatides, lecithin and sphingomyelin. J Immunol 112: 2135-2147.
29. Koulmanda M, Bhasin M, Fan Z, Hanidziar D, Goel N, Putheti P, Movahedi B, Libermann TA, Strom TB. 2012. a1-Antitrypsin reduces inflammation and enhances mouse pancreatic islet transplant survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109: 15443-15448.
30. Kruger B, Krick S, Dhillon N, Lerner SM, Ames S, Bromberg JS, Lin M, Walsh L, Vella J, Fischereder M, et al. 2009. Donor Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to ischemia and reperfusion injury following human kidney transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106: 3390-3395.
31. Kruger B, Yin N, Zhang N, Yadav A, Coward W, Lal G, Zang W, Heeger S, Bromberg JS, Murphy B, et al. 2010. Islet-expressed TLR2 and TLR4 sense injuryand mediate early graft failure after transplantation. Eur J Immunol 40: 2914-2924.
32. Kwan WH, van der TW, Paz-Artal E, Li MO, Heeger PS. 2013. Signaling through C5a receptor and C3a receptor diminishes function of murine natural regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 210: 257-268.
33. Lal G, Yin N, Xu J, Lin M, Schroppel S, Ding Y, Marie I, Levy DE, Bromberg JS. 2011. Distinct inflammatory signals have physiologically divergent effects on epigenetic regulation of Foxp3 expression and Treg function. Am J Transplant 11: 203-214.
34. Lalli PN, Strainic MG, Yang M, Lin F, Medof ME, Heeger PS. 2008. Locally produced C5a binds to T cell-expressed C5aR to enhance effector T-cell expansion by limiting antigen-induced apoptosis. Blood 112: 1759-1766.
35. Leemans JC, Stokman G, Claessen N, Rouschop KM, Teske GJ, Kirschning CJ, Akira S, van der PF, Weening JJ, Flor-quin S. 2005. Renal-associated TLR2 mediates ischemia/ reperfusion injury in the kidney. J Clin Invest 115: 2894-2903.
36. Leventhal JS, Schroppel B. 2012. Toll-like receptors in transplantation: Sensing and reacting to injury. Kidney Int 81: 826-832.
37. Li K, Patel H, Farrar CA, Hargreaves RE, Sacks SH, Zhou W. 2004. Complement activation regulates the capacity of proximal tubular epithelial cell to stimulate alloreactive T cell response. J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 2414-2422.
38. Li K, Anderson KJ, Peng Q, Noble A, Lu B, Kelly AP, Wang N, Sacks SH, Zhou W. 2008. Cyclic AMP plays a critical role in C3a-receptor-mediated regulation of dendritic cells in antigen uptake and T-cell stimulation. Blood 112: 5084-5094.
39. Li K, Fazekasova H, Wang N, Sagoo P, Peng Q, Khamri W, Gomes C, Sacks SH, Lombardi G, Zhou W. 2011. Expression of complement components, receptors and regulators by human dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 48: 1121-1127.
40. Li K, Fazekasova H, Wang N, Peng Q, Sacks SH, Lombardi G, Zhou W. 2012. Functional modulation of human monocytes derived DCs by anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. Immunobiology 217: 65-73.
41. Marsh JE, Farmer CK, Jurcevic S, Wang Y, Carroll MC, Sacks SH. 2001. The allogeneic Tand B cell response is strongly dependent on complement components C3 and C4. Transplantation 72: 1310-1318.
42. Matsuoka N, Itoh T, Watarai H, Sekine-Kondo E, Nagata N, Okamoto K, Mera T, Yamamoto H, Yamada S, Maruyama I, et al. 2010. High-mobility group box1 isinvolved in the initial events of early loss of transplanted islets in mice. J Clin Invest 120: 735-743.
43. Medzhitov R. 2001. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 1: 135-145.
44. Moller-Kristensen M, Wang W, Ruseva M, Thiel S, Nielsen S, Takahashi K, Shi L, Ezekowitz A, Jensenius JC, Gadjeva M. 2005. Mannan-binding lectin recognizes structures on ischaemic reperfused mouse kidneys andis implicated in tissue injury. Scand J Immunol 61: 426-434.
45. Naesens M, Li L, Ying L, Sansanwal P, Sigdel TK, Hsieh SC, Kambham N, Lerut E, Salvatierra O, Butte AJ, et al. 2009. Expression of complement components differs between kidney allografts from living and deceased donors. J Am Soc Nephrol 20: 1839-1851.
46. Ohashi K, Burkart V, Flohe S, Kolb H. 2000. Cutting edge: Heat shock protein 60 is a putative endogenous ligand of the toll-like receptor-4 complex. J Immunol 164: 558-561.
47. Okamura Y, Watari M, Jerud ES, Young DW, Ishizaka ST, Rose J, Chow JC, Strauss JF III. 2001. The extra domain A of fibronectin activates Toll-like receptor 4. J Biol Chem 276: 10229-10233.
48. Park WD, Grande JP, Ninova D, Nath KA, Platt JL, Gloor JM, Stegall MD. 2003. Accommodation in ABO-incompatible kidney allografts, a novel mechanism of self-protection against antibody-mediated injury. Am J Transplant 3: 952-960.
49. Pavlov V, Raedler H, Yuan S, Leisman S, Kwan WH, Lalli PN, Medof ME, Heeger PS. 2008. Donor deficiency of decay-accelerating factor accelerates murine T cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection. J Immunol 181: 4580-4589.
50. Peng Q, Li K, Patel H, Sacks SH, Zhou W. 2006. Dendritic cell synthesis of C3 is required for full T cell activation and development of a Th1 phenotype. J Immunol 176: 3330-3341.
51. Peng Q, Li K, Anderson K, Farrar CA, Lu B, Smith RA, Sacks SH, Zhou W. 2008. Local production and activation of complement up-regulates the allostimulatory function of dendritic cells through C3a-C3aR interaction. Blood 111: 2452-2461.
52. Peng Q, Li K, Wang N, Li Q, Asgari E, Lu B, Woodruff TM, Sacks SH, Zhou W. 2009. Dendritic cell function in allo-stimulation is modulated by C5aR signaling. J Immunol 183: 6058-6068.
53. Peng Q, Li K, Smyth LA, Xing G, Wang N, Meader L, Lu B, Sacks SH, Zhou W. 2012. C3a and C5a promote renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 23: 1474-1485.
54. Poltorak A, He X, Smirnova I, Liu MY, Van HC, Du X, Birdwell D, Alejos E, Silva M, Galanos C, et al. 1998. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/ 10ScCr mice: Mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 282: 2085-2088.
55. Pope MR, Hoffman SM, Tomlinson S, Fleming SD. 2010. Complement regulates TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses during intestinal ischemia reperfusion. Mol Immunol 48: 356-364.
56. Pratt JR, Abe K, Miyazaki M, Zhou W, Sacks SH. 2000. In situ localization of C3 synthesis in experimental acute renal allograft rejection. Am J Pathol 157: 825-831.
57. Pratt JR, Basheer SA, Sacks SH. 2002. Local synthesis of complement component C3 regulates acute renal transplant rejection. Nat Med 8: 582-587.
58. Rabb H, Daniels F, O'Donnell M, Haq M, Saba SR, Keane W, Tang WW. 2000. Pathophysiological role of T lymphocytes in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 279: F525-F531.
59. Ricordi C, Strom TB. 2004. Clinical islet transplantation: Advances and immunological challenges. Nat Rev Immunol 4: 259-268.
60. Robson MG. 2009. Toll-like receptors and renal disease. Nephron Exp Nephrol 113: e1-e7.
61. Rong S, Park JK, Kirsch T, Yagita H, Akiba H, Boenisch O, Haller H, Najafian N, Habicht A. 2011. The TIM-1:TIM-4 pathway enhances renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 22: 484-495.
62. Schwaeble WJ, Lynch NJ, Clark JE, Marber M, Samani NJ, Ali YM, Dudler T, Parent B, Lhotta K, Wallis R, et al. 2011. Targeting of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 confers protection from myocardial and gastrointestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108: 7523-7528.
63. Shen XD, Ke B, Zhai Y, Amersi F, Gao F, Anselmo DM, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. 2002. CD154-CD40 T-cell costimulation pathway is required in the mechanism of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, and its blockade facilitates and depends on heme oxygenase-1 mediated cytoprotection. Transplantation 74: 315-319.
64. Shen XD, Ke B, Zhai Y, Gao F, Anselmo D, Lassman CR, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. 2003. Stat4 and Stat6 signaling in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice: HO-1 dependence of Stat4 disruption-mediated cyto-protection. Hepatology 37: 296-303.
65. Shen XD, Ke B, Zhai Y, Gao F, Tsuchihashi S, Lassman CR, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. 2007. Absence of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the donor organ reduces ischemia and reperfusion injury in a murine liver transplantation model. Liver Transpl 13: 1435-1443.
66. Shi T, Moulton VR, Lapchak PH, Deng GM, le Lucca JJ, Tsokos GC. 2009. Ischemia-mediated aggregation of the actin cytoskeleton is one of the major initial events resulting in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gas-trointest Liver Physiol 296: G339-G347.
67. Shigeoka AA, Holscher TD, King AJ, Hall FW, Kiosses WB, Tobias PS, Mackman N, McKay DB. 2007. TLR2 is con-stitutively expressed within the kidney and participates in ischemic renal injury through both MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways. J Immunol 178: 6252-6258.
68. Smith RA. 2002. Targeting anti complement agents. Biochem Soc Trans 30: 1037-1041.
69. Smith RAG, Koffman G, Chowdhury P, Smith KCG, Watson CJ, Nicholson ML, Zhou W, Sacks SH. 2007. Membrane-localising complement inhibitors-clinical progress. Mol Immunol 44: 3915.
70. Sobek V, Birkner N, Falk I, Wurch A, Kirschning CJ, Wagner H, Wallich R, Lamers MC, Simon MM. 2004. Direct Tolllike receptor 2 mediated co-stimulation of T cells in the mouse system as a basis for chronic inflammatory joint disease. Arthritis Res Ther 6: R433-R446.
71. Solez K, Colvin RB, Racusen LC, Haas M, Sis B, Mengel M, Halloran PF, Baldwin W, Banfi G, Collins AB, et al. 2008. Banff 07 classification of renal allograft pathology: Updates and future directions. Am J Transplant 8: 753-760.
72. Springall T, Sheerin NS, Abe K, Holers VM, Wan H, Sacks SH. 2001. Epithelial secretion of C3 promotes colonization of the upper urinary tract by Escherichia coli. Nat Med 7: 801-806.
73. Stegall MD, Diwan T, Raghavaiah S, Cornell LD, Burns J, Dean PG, Cosio FJ, Gandhi MJ, Kremers W, Gloor JM. 2011. Terminal complement inhibition decreases antibody-mediated rejection in sensitized renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 11: 2405-2413.
74. {thorn} T cells. Immunity 28: 425-435.
75. {thorn} regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 14: 162-171.
76. Strey CW, Markiewski M, Mastellos D, Tudoran R, Spruce LA, Greenbaum LE, Lambris JD. 2003. The proinflam-matory mediators C3a and C5a are essential for liver regeneration. J Exp Med 198: 913-923.
77. Suzuki S, Toledo-Pereyra LH, Rodriguez FJ, Cejalvo D. 1993. Neutrophil infiltration as an important factor in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. Modulating effects of FK506 and cyclosporine. Transplantation 55: 1265-1272.
78. Takada M, Chandraker A, Nadeau KC, Sayegh MH, Tilney NL. 1997. The role of the B7 costimulatory pathway in experimental cold ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 100: 1199-1203.
79. Tan CD, Sokos GG, Pidwell DJ, Smedira NG, Gonzalez-Sta-winski GV, Taylor DO, Starling RC, Rodriguez ER. 2009. Correlation of donor-specific antibodies, complement and its regulators with graft dysfunction in cardiac antibody-mediated rejection. Am J Transplant 9: 2075-2084.
80. Tang S, Zhou W, Sheerin NS, Vaughan RW, Sacks SH. 1999. Contribution of renal secreted complement C3 to the circulating pool in humans. J Immunol 162: 4336-4341.
81. Tesar BM, Zhang J, Li Q, Goldstein DR. 2004. TH1 immune responsesto fully MHC mismatched allografts are diminished in the absence of MyD88, a toll-like receptor signal adaptor protein. Am J Transplant 4: 1429-1439.
82. Thornley TB, Brehm MA, Markees TG, Shultz LD, Mordes JP, Welsh RM, Rossini A, Greiner DL. 2006. TLR agonists abrogate costimulation blockade-induced prolongation of skin allografts. J Immunol 176: 1561-1570.
83. Tjernberg J, Ekdahl KN, Lambris JD, Korsgren O, Nilsson B. 2008. Acute antibody-mediated complement activation mediates lysis of pancreatic islets cells and may cause tissue loss in clinical islet transplantation. Transplantation 85: 1193-1199.
84. Uchida Y, Ke B, Freitas MC, Ji H, Zhao D, Benjamin ER, Najafian N, Yagita H, Akiba H, Busuttil RW, et al. 2010a. The emerging role of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 in the mechanism of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in the mouse. Hepatology 51: 1363-1372.
85. Uchida Y, Ke B, Freitas MC, Yagita H, Akiba H, Busuttil RW, Najafian N, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. 2010b. T-cell immu-noglobulin mucin-3 determines severity of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice in a TLR4-dependent manner. Gastroenterology 139: 2195-2206.
86. Ueki S, Castellaneta A, Yoshida O, Ozaki K, Zhang M, Ki-mura S, Isse K, Ross M, Shao L, Stolz DB, et al. 2011. Hepatic B7 homolog 1 expression is essential for controlling cold ischemia/reperfusion injury after mouse liver transplantation. Hepatology 54: 216-228.
87. Walport MJ. 2001a. Complement. First of two parts. NEngl J Med 344: 1058-1066.
88. Walport MJ. 2001b. Complement. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med 344: 1140-1144.
89. Wang M, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Lu X, Chen Z. 2011. Mannan-binding lectin directly interacts with Toll-like receptor 4 and suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion from THP-1 cells. Cell Mol Immunol 8: 265-275.
90. Wu H, Chen G, Wyburn KR, Yin J, Bertolino P, Eris JM, Alexander SI, Sharland AF, Chadban SJ. 2007. TLR4 activation mediates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 117: 2847-2859.
91. Ying SC, Gewurz AT, Jiang H, Gewurz H. 1993. Human serum amyloid P component oligomers bind and activate the classical complement pathwayvia residues14-26 and 76-92 of the A chain collagen-like region of C1q. J Immunol 150: 169-176.
92. Yu L, Wang L, Chen S. 2010. Endogenous toll-like receptor ligands and their biological significance. J Cell Mol Med 14: 2592-2603.
93. Zhai Y, Shen XD, O'Connell R, Gao F, Lassman C, Busuttil RW, Cheng G, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. 2004. Cutting edge: TLR4 activation mediates liver ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory response via IFN regulatory factor 3-depen-dent MyD88-independent pathway. J Immunol 173: 7115-7119.
94. Zhai Y, Petrowsky H, Hong JC, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglin-ski JW. 2013. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in liver trans-plantation-from bench to bedside. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10: 79-89.
95. Zhang M, Alicot EM, Chiu I, Li J, Verna N, Vorup-Jensen T, Kessler B, Shimaoka M, Chan R, Friend D, et al. 2006. Identification of the target self-antigens in reperfusion injury. J Exp Med 203: 141-152.
96. Zhang X, Kimura Y, Fang C, Zhou L, Sfyroera G, Lambris JD, Wetsel RA, Miwa T, Song WC. 2007. Regulation of Toll like receptor-mediated inflammatory response by complement in vivo. Blood 110: 228-236.
97. Zhang N, Kruger B, Lal G, Luan Y, Yadav A, Zang W, Grimm M, Waaga-Gasser AM, Murphy B, Bromberg JS, et al. 2010. Inhibition of TLR4 signaling prolongs Treg-depen-dent murine islet allograft survival. Immunol Lett 127: 119-125.
98. Zhou W, Farrar CA, Abe K, Pratt JR, Marsh JE, Wang Y, Stahl GL, Sacks SH. 2000. Predominant role for C5b-9 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 105: 1363-1371.
99. Zhou W, Patel H, Li K, Peng Q, Villiers MB, Sacks SH. 2006. Macrophages from C3-deficient mice have impaired potency to stimulate alloreactive T cells. Blood 107: 2461-2469.
100. + T-lymphocytes mediate ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses in mouse liver. J Clin Invest 100: 279-289.