메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 117, Issue , 2013, Pages 295-307

Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes

Author keywords

Adrenal Medulla; Diabetes); Epinephrine; Glucagon; Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure; Insulin; Sympathetic Nervous System (Hypoglycemia; Sympathoadrenal System

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; GLUCAGON; INSULIN;

EID: 84884945765     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53491-0.00023-7     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (52)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 45149131667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes
    • Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group ACCORD
    • Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group ACCORD Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:2545-2559.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2545-2559
  • 3
    • 18144388647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia
    • American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defining and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:1245-1249.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1245-1249
  • 4
    • 40749137051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of counterregulatory responses to recurrent hypoglycemia by active thalamic inhibition: a mechanism for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure
    • Arbelaez A.M., Powers W.J., Videen T.O., et al. Attenuation of counterregulatory responses to recurrent hypoglycemia by active thalamic inhibition: a mechanism for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. Diabetes 2008, 57:470-475.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 470-475
    • Arbelaez, A.M.1    Powers, W.J.2    Videen, T.O.3
  • 5
    • 0036227054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraislet hyperinsulinemia prevents the glucagon response to hypoglycemia despite an intact autonomic response
    • Banarer S., McGregor V.P., Cryer P.E. Intraislet hyperinsulinemia prevents the glucagon response to hypoglycemia despite an intact autonomic response. Diabetes 2002, 51:958-965.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 958-965
    • Banarer, S.1    McGregor, V.P.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 6
    • 0021229020 scopus 로고
    • A reliable and reproducible test for adequate glucose counterregulation in type I diabetes mellitus
    • Bolli G.B., De Feo P., De Cosmo S., et al. A reliable and reproducible test for adequate glucose counterregulation in type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1984, 33:732-737.
    • (1984) Diabetes , vol.33 , pp. 732-737
    • Bolli, G.B.1    De Feo, P.2    De Cosmo, S.3
  • 7
    • 78049512890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piragliatin (RO4389620), a novel glucokinase activator, lowers plasma glucose both in the postabsorptive state and after a glucose challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a mechanistic study
    • Bonadonna R.C., Heise T., Arbet-Engels C., et al. Piragliatin (RO4389620), a novel glucokinase activator, lowers plasma glucose both in the postabsorptive state and after a glucose challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a mechanistic study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010, 95:5028-5036.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 5028-5036
    • Bonadonna, R.C.1    Heise, T.2    Arbet-Engels, C.3
  • 8
    • 65549119698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of continuous glucose monitoring on HbA(1c) in insulin-treated diabetes (MITRE Study)
    • Cooke D., Hurel S.J., Casbardt A., et al. Randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of continuous glucose monitoring on HbA(1c) in insulin-treated diabetes (MITRE Study). Diabet Med 2009, 26:540-547.
    • (2009) Diabet Med , vol.26 , pp. 540-547
    • Cooke, D.1    Hurel, S.J.2    Casbardt, A.3
  • 9
    • 72249093748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-cell-mediated signaling predominates over direct alpha-cell signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in humans
    • Cooperberg B.A., Cryer P.E. Beta-cell-mediated signaling predominates over direct alpha-cell signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in humans. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:2275-2280.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 2275-2280
    • Cooperberg, B.A.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 10
    • 78049300087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin reciprocally regulates glucagon secretion in humans
    • Cooperberg B.A., Cryer P.E. Insulin reciprocally regulates glucagon secretion in humans. Diabetes 2010, 59:2936-2940.
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2936-2940
    • Cooperberg, B.A.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 11
    • 0028237872 scopus 로고
    • Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with long-duration insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Cranston I., Lomas J., Maran A., et al. Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with long-duration insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 1994, 344:283-287.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 283-287
    • Cranston, I.1    Lomas, J.2    Maran, A.3
  • 12
    • 0009766859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevention and correction of hypoglycemia (Ch. 35)
    • Oxford University Press, New York, H.M. Goodman (Ed.) Handbook of Physiology, Section 7, The Endocrine System
    • Cryer P.E. The prevention and correction of hypoglycemia (Ch. 35). The Endocrine Pancreas and Regulation of Metabolism 2001, Vol. II:1057-1092. Oxford University Press, New York. H.M. Goodman (Ed.).
    • (2001) The Endocrine Pancreas and Regulation of Metabolism , vol.2 , pp. 1057-1092
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 13
    • 33745215659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of sympathoadrenal failure and hypoglycemia in diabetes
    • Cryer P.E. Mechanisms of sympathoadrenal failure and hypoglycemia in diabetes. J Clin Invest 2006, 116:1470-1473.
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 1470-1473
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 14
    • 34147133340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death
    • Cryer P.E. Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death. J Clin Invest 2007, 117:868-870.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 868-870
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 15
    • 57249098943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes
    • Cryer P.E. The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes 2008, 57:3169-3176.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 3169-3176
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 17
    • 57249113726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing hypoglycaemia: what is the appropriate glucose alert value?
    • Cryer P.E. Preventing hypoglycaemia: what is the appropriate glucose alert value?. Diabetologia 2009, 52:35-37.
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 35-37
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 18
    • 78751517198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elimination of hypoglycemia from the lives of people affected by diabetes
    • Cryer P.E. Elimination of hypoglycemia from the lives of people affected by diabetes. Diabetes 2011, 60:24-27.
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , pp. 24-27
    • Cryer, P.E.1
  • 19
    • 75749145810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival as a function of HbA(1c) in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
    • Currie C.J., Peters J.R., Tynan A., et al. Survival as a function of HbA(1c) in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2010, 375:481-489.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 481-489
    • Currie, C.J.1    Peters, J.R.2    Tynan, A.3
  • 20
    • 0027465021 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent antecedent hypoglycemia reduces autonomic responses to, symptoms of, and defense against subsequent hypoglycemia
    • Dagogo-Jack S.E., Craft S., Cryer P.E. Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent antecedent hypoglycemia reduces autonomic responses to, symptoms of, and defense against subsequent hypoglycemia. J Clin Invest 1993, 91:819-828.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.91 , pp. 819-828
    • Dagogo-Jack, S.E.1    Craft, S.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 21
    • 0028608981 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM
    • Dagogo-Jack S., Rattarasarn C., Cryer P.E. Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM. Diabetes 1994, 43:1426-1434.
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 1426-1434
    • Dagogo-Jack, S.1    Rattarasarn, C.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 22
    • 2442480393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma metanephrine levels are decreased in type 1 diabetic patients with a severely impaired epinephrine response to hypoglycemia, indicating reduced adrenomedullary stores of epinephrine
    • de Galan B.E., Tack C.J., Willemsen J.J., et al. Plasma metanephrine levels are decreased in type 1 diabetic patients with a severely impaired epinephrine response to hypoglycemia, indicating reduced adrenomedullary stores of epinephrine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:2057-2061.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 2057-2061
    • de Galan, B.E.1    Tack, C.J.2    Willemsen, J.J.3
  • 23
    • 3042698756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia and the sympathoadrenal system: neurogenic symptoms are largely the result of sympathetic neural, rather than adrenomedullary, activation
    • DeRosa M.A., Cryer P.E. Hypoglycemia and the sympathoadrenal system: neurogenic symptoms are largely the result of sympathetic neural, rather than adrenomedullary, activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004, 287:E32-E41.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.287
    • DeRosa, M.A.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 24
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (DCCT)
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (DCCT) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:977-986.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
  • 25
    • 29144453326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005, 353:2643-2653.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2643-2653
  • 26
    • 34247863937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC)
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:1842-1852.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 1842-1852
  • 27
    • 0025602096 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon, catecholamine and pancreatic polypeptide secretion in type I diabetic recipients of pancreas allografts
    • Diem P., Redmon J.B., Abid M., et al. Glucagon, catecholamine and pancreatic polypeptide secretion in type I diabetic recipients of pancreas allografts. J Clin Invest 1990, 86:2008-2013.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 2008-2013
    • Diem, P.1    Redmon, J.B.2    Abid, M.3
  • 28
    • 20444408424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and predictors of hypoglycaemia in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a population-based study
    • Donnelly L.A., Morris A.D., Frier B.M., et al. Frequency and predictors of hypoglycaemia in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a population-based study. Diabet Med 2005, 22:749-755.
    • (2005) Diabet Med , vol.22 , pp. 749-755
    • Donnelly, L.A.1    Morris, A.D.2    Frier, B.M.3
  • 29
    • 0027444659 scopus 로고
    • Meticulous prevention of hypoglycemia normalizes the glycemic thresholds and magnitude of most of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and cognitive function during hypoglycemia in intensively treated patients with short-term IDDM
    • Fanelli C.G., Epifano L., Rambotti A.M., et al. Meticulous prevention of hypoglycemia normalizes the glycemic thresholds and magnitude of most of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and cognitive function during hypoglycemia in intensively treated patients with short-term IDDM. Diabetes 1993, 42:1683-1689.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1683-1689
    • Fanelli, C.G.1    Epifano, L.2    Rambotti, A.M.3
  • 30
    • 0028072770 scopus 로고
    • Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, following institution of rational, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM
    • Fanelli C., Epifano L., Rambotti A.M., et al. Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, following institution of rational, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM. Diabetologia 1994, 37:1265-1276.
    • (1994) Diabetologia , vol.37 , pp. 1265-1276
    • Fanelli, C.1    Epifano, L.2    Rambotti, A.M.3
  • 31
    • 48649097595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute complications and drug misuse are important causes of death for children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: results from the Yorkshire Register of Diabetes in Children and Young Adults
    • Feltbower R.G., Bodansky H.J., Patterson C.C., et al. Acute complications and drug misuse are important causes of death for children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: results from the Yorkshire Register of Diabetes in Children and Young Adults. Diabetes Care 2008, 31:922-926.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 922-926
    • Feltbower, R.G.1    Bodansky, H.J.2    Patterson, C.C.3
  • 33
    • 77956921439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dapagliflozin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
    • Ferrannini E., Ramos S.J., Salsali A., et al. Dapagliflozin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Diabetes Care 2010, 33:2217-2224.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 2217-2224
    • Ferrannini, E.1    Ramos, S.J.2    Salsali, A.3
  • 34
    • 41749114957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes
    • Geddes J., Schopman J.E., Zammitt N.N., et al. Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2008, 25:501-504.
    • (2008) Diabet Med , vol.25 , pp. 501-504
    • Geddes, J.1    Schopman, J.E.2    Zammitt, N.N.3
  • 35
    • 0024465303 scopus 로고
    • Oral hypoglycemic agents
    • Gerich J.E. Oral hypoglycemic agents. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:1231-1245.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 1231-1245
    • Gerich, J.E.1
  • 36
    • 0016256203 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the effects of arginine and glucose on glucagon and insulin release from the perfused rat pancreas
    • Gerich J.E., Charles M.A., Grodsky G.M. Characterization of the effects of arginine and glucose on glucagon and insulin release from the perfused rat pancreas. J Clin Invest 1974, 54:833-841.
    • (1974) J Clin Invest , vol.54 , pp. 833-841
    • Gerich, J.E.1    Charles, M.A.2    Grodsky, G.M.3
  • 37
    • 57249094211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrhythmia and nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes - the "dead in bed" syndrome revisited
    • Gill G.V., Woodward A., Casson I.F., et al. Cardiac arrhythmia and nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes - the "dead in bed" syndrome revisited. Diabetologia 2009, 52:42-45.
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 42-45
    • Gill, G.V.1    Woodward, A.2    Casson, I.F.3
  • 38
    • 58849144774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenomedullary, adrenocortical, and sympathoneural responses to stressors: a meta-analysis
    • Goldstein D.S., Kopin I.J. Adrenomedullary, adrenocortical, and sympathoneural responses to stressors: a meta-analysis. Endocr Regul 2008, 42:111-119.
    • (2008) Endocr Regul , vol.42 , pp. 111-119
    • Goldstein, D.S.1    Kopin, I.J.2
  • 39
    • 18144396132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the decrement in intraislet insulin for the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in humans
    • Gosmanov N.R., Szoke E., Israelian Z., et al. Role of the decrement in intraislet insulin for the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in humans. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:1124-1131.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1124-1131
    • Gosmanov, N.R.1    Szoke, E.2    Israelian, Z.3
  • 40
    • 0026035949 scopus 로고
    • Reduced neuroendocrine and symptomatic responses to subsequent hypoglycemia after 1 episode of hypoglycemia in nondiabetic humans
    • Heller S.R., Cryer P.E. Reduced neuroendocrine and symptomatic responses to subsequent hypoglycemia after 1 episode of hypoglycemia in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes 1991, 40:223-226.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , pp. 223-226
    • Heller, S.R.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 41
    • 0027399450 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and symptoms of hypoglycaemia experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin
    • Hepburn D.A., MacLeod K.M., Pell A.C., et al. Frequency and symptoms of hypoglycaemia experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Diabet Med 1993, 10:231-237.
    • (1993) Diabet Med , vol.10 , pp. 231-237
    • Hepburn, D.A.1    MacLeod, K.M.2    Pell, A.C.3
  • 42
    • 53749096863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
    • Holman R.R., Paul S.K., Bethel M.A., et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:1577-1589.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1577-1589
    • Holman, R.R.1    Paul, S.K.2    Bethel, M.A.3
  • 43
    • 0344851577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hypoglycaemia with oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Holstein A., Egberts E.H. Risk of hypoglycaemia with oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2003, 111:405-414.
    • (2003) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.111 , pp. 405-414
    • Holstein, A.1    Egberts, E.H.2
  • 45
    • 33644684529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing the decrement in insulin secretion improves glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in advanced type 2 diabetes
    • Israelian Z., Gosmanov N.R., Szoke E., et al. Increasing the decrement in insulin secretion improves glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in advanced type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:2691-2696.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 2691-2696
    • Israelian, Z.1    Gosmanov, N.R.2    Szoke, E.3
  • 46
    • 33748747041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosterone can act at the posterior paraventricular thalamus to inhibit hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in animals that habituate to repeated stress
    • Jaferi A., Bhatnagar S. Corticosterone can act at the posterior paraventricular thalamus to inhibit hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in animals that habituate to repeated stress. Endocrinology 2006, 147:4917-4930.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 4917-4930
    • Jaferi, A.1    Bhatnagar, S.2
  • 47
    • 54849147700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes
    • Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group
    • Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:1464-1476.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1464-1476
  • 48
    • 42449121829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial - revisited
    • Lachin J.M., Genuth S., Nathan D.M., et al. Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial - revisited. Diabetes 2008, 57:995-1001.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 995-1001
    • Lachin, J.M.1    Genuth, S.2    Nathan, D.M.3
  • 50
    • 23944508732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of atenolol on QTc interval lengthening during hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes
    • Lee S.P., Harris N.D., Robinson R.T., et al. Effect of atenolol on QTc interval lengthening during hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2005, 48:1269-1272.
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , pp. 1269-1272
    • Lee, S.P.1    Harris, N.D.2    Robinson, R.T.3
  • 51
    • 34250307235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATP channel-dependent pathway within alpha cells regulates glucagon release from both rodent and human islets of Langerhans
    • ATP channel-dependent pathway within alpha cells regulates glucagon release from both rodent and human islets of Langerhans. PLoS Biol 2007, 5:e143.
    • (2007) PLoS Biol , vol.5
    • MacDonald, P.E.1    De Marinis, Y.Z.2    Ramracheya, R.3
  • 52
    • 77957551855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes
    • McCrimmon R.J., Sherwin R.S. Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2010, 59:2333-2339.
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2333-2339
    • McCrimmon, R.J.1    Sherwin, R.S.2
  • 53
    • 19944426340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged cardiac repolarisation during spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
    • Murphy N.P., Ford-Adams M.E., Ong K.K., et al. Prolonged cardiac repolarisation during spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004, 47:1940-1947.
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 1940-1947
    • Murphy, N.P.1    Ford-Adams, M.E.2    Ong, K.K.3
  • 54
    • 63249128249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients
    • NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators
    • NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S., Chittock D.R., et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:1283-1297.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1283-1297
    • Finfer, S.1    Chittock, D.R.2
  • 55
    • 77955492704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case for hypoglycaemia as a proarrhythmic event: basic and clinical evidence
    • Nordin C. The case for hypoglycaemia as a proarrhythmic event: basic and clinical evidence. Diabetologia 2010, 53:1552-1561.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. 1552-1561
    • Nordin, C.1
  • 56
    • 0031788334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forearm norepinephrine spillover during standing, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoglycemia
    • Paramore D.S., Fanelli C.G., Shah S.D., et al. Forearm norepinephrine spillover during standing, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoglycemia. Am J Physiol 1998, 275:E872-E881.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Paramore, D.S.1    Fanelli, C.G.2    Shah, S.D.3
  • 57
    • 77953183468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of insulin in the ventromedial hypothalamus on pancreatic glucagon secretion in vivo
    • Paranjape S.A., Chan O., Zhu W., et al. Influence of insulin in the ventromedial hypothalamus on pancreatic glucagon secretion in vivo. Diabetes 2010, 59:1521-1527.
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 1521-1527
    • Paranjape, S.A.1    Chan, O.2    Zhu, W.3
  • 58
    • 0038619056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recall of severe hypoglycaemia and self-estimated state of awareness in type 1 diabetes
    • Pedersen-Bjergaard U., Pramming S., Thorsteinsson B. Recall of severe hypoglycaemia and self-estimated state of awareness in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2003, 19:232-240.
    • (2003) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.19 , pp. 232-240
    • Pedersen-Bjergaard, U.1    Pramming, S.2    Thorsteinsson, B.3
  • 59
    • 77950891085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes
    • Phung O.J., Scholle J.M., Talwar M., et al. Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes. JAMA 2010, 303:1410-1418.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 1410-1418
    • Phung, O.J.1    Scholle, J.M.2    Talwar, M.3
  • 60
    • 77952775828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing hypoglycemia and glycemic control: a public health approach for insulin safety
    • Pogach L., Aron D. Balancing hypoglycemia and glycemic control: a public health approach for insulin safety. JAMA 2010, 303:2076-2077.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 2076-2077
    • Pogach, L.1    Aron, D.2
  • 61
    • 77951200477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent moderate hypoglycemia ameliorates brain damage and cognitive dysfunction induced by severe hypoglycemia
    • Puente E.C., Silverstein J., Bree A.J., et al. Recurrent moderate hypoglycemia ameliorates brain damage and cognitive dysfunction induced by severe hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2010, 59:1055-1062.
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 1055-1062
    • Puente, E.C.1    Silverstein, J.2    Bree, A.J.3
  • 62
    • 14644439841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of the decrement in intraislet insulin plausibly explains loss of the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in insulin-deficient diabetes: documentation of the intraislet insulin hypothesis in humans
    • Raju B., Cryer P.E. Loss of the decrement in intraislet insulin plausibly explains loss of the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in insulin-deficient diabetes: documentation of the intraislet insulin hypothesis in humans. Diabetes 2005, 54:757-764.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 757-764
    • Raju, B.1    Cryer, P.E.2
  • 63
    • 0027952951 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and treatment side-effects during long-term intensified conventional insulin treatment in the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study
    • Reichard P., Pihl M. Mortality and treatment side-effects during long-term intensified conventional insulin treatment in the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study. Diabetes 1994, 43:313-317.
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 313-317
    • Reichard, P.1    Pihl, M.2
  • 64
    • 0038659995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of abnormal cardiac repolarization during insulin-induced hypoglycemia
    • Robinson R.T., Harris N.D., Ireland R.H., et al. Mechanisms of abnormal cardiac repolarization during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2003, 52:1469-1474.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1469-1474
    • Robinson, R.T.1    Harris, N.D.2    Ireland, R.H.3
  • 65
    • 1542345047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cardiac repolarization during clinical episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes
    • Robinson R.T., Harris N.D., Ireland R.H., et al. Changes in cardiac repolarization during clinical episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004, 47:312-315.
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , pp. 312-315
    • Robinson, R.T.1    Harris, N.D.2    Ireland, R.H.3
  • 66
    • 0025054445 scopus 로고
    • Unawareness of hypoglycaemia and inadequate hypoglycaemic counterregulation: no causal relation with diabetic autonomic neuropathy
    • Ryder R.E., Owens D.R., Hayes T.M., et al. Unawareness of hypoglycaemia and inadequate hypoglycaemic counterregulation: no causal relation with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. BMJ 1990, 301:783-787.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.301 , pp. 783-787
    • Ryder, R.E.1    Owens, D.R.2    Hayes, T.M.3
  • 67
    • 77949833491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: is intensive glucose control beneficial or deadly? Lessons from ACCORD, ADVANCE, VADT, UKPDS, PROactive, and NICE-SUGAR
    • Schernthaner G. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: is intensive glucose control beneficial or deadly? Lessons from ACCORD, ADVANCE, VADT, UKPDS, PROactive, and NICE-SUGAR. Wien Med Wochenschr 2010, 160:8-19.
    • (2010) Wien Med Wochenschr , vol.160 , pp. 8-19
    • Schernthaner, G.1
  • 68
    • 73749083359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and frequency of hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes
    • Schopman J.E., Geddes J., Frier B.M. Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and frequency of hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010, 87:64-68.
    • (2010) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.87 , pp. 64-68
    • Schopman, J.E.1    Geddes, J.2    Frier, B.M.3
  • 69
    • 0036314189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in advanced type 2 diabetes
    • Segel S.A., Paramore D.S., Cryer P.E. Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in advanced type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002, 51:724-733.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 724-733
    • Segel, S.A.1    Paramore, D.S.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 70
    • 0035512078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic response to mild non-insulin-induced hypoglycemia does not involve extrinsic neural input
    • Sherck S.M., Shiota M., Saccomando J., et al. Pancreatic response to mild non-insulin-induced hypoglycemia does not involve extrinsic neural input. Diabetes 2001, 50:2487-2496.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 2487-2496
    • Sherck, S.M.1    Shiota, M.2    Saccomando, J.3
  • 71
    • 0024463485 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of impaired glucose counter-regulation during an insulin-infusion test in insulin-treated diabetic patients prone to severe hypoglycaemia
    • Sjöbom N.C., Adamson U., Lin P.E. The prevalence of impaired glucose counter-regulation during an insulin-infusion test in insulin-treated diabetic patients prone to severe hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia 1989, 32:818-825.
    • (1989) Diabetologia , vol.32 , pp. 818-825
    • Sjöbom, N.C.1    Adamson, U.2    Lin, P.E.3
  • 72
    • 31844437817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term mortality in a nationwide cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients in Norway
    • Skrivarhaug T., Bangstad H.J., Stene L.C., et al. Long-term mortality in a nationwide cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients in Norway. Diabetologia 2006, 49:298-305.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 298-305
    • Skrivarhaug, T.1    Bangstad, H.J.2    Stene, L.C.3
  • 73
    • 63149103614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA diabetes trials
    • Skyler J.S., Bergenstal R., Bonow R.O., et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA diabetes trials. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:187-192.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 187-192
    • Skyler, J.S.1    Bergenstal, R.2    Bonow, R.O.3
  • 74
    • 70949107315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of islet sympathetic nerves and impairment of glucagon secretion in the NOD mouse: relationship to invasive insulitis
    • Taborsky G.J., Mei Q., Hackney D.J., et al. Loss of islet sympathetic nerves and impairment of glucagon secretion in the NOD mouse: relationship to invasive insulitis. Diabetologia 2009, 52:2602-2611.
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 2602-2611
    • Taborsky, G.J.1    Mei, Q.2    Hackney, D.J.3
  • 75
    • 77953946695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of hypoglycemia in the "dead-in-bed" syndrome, as captured by a retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system
    • Tanenberg R.J., Newton C.A., Drake A.J. Confirmation of hypoglycemia in the "dead-in-bed" syndrome, as captured by a retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system. Endocr Pract 2010, 16:244-248.
    • (2010) Endocr Pract , vol.16 , pp. 244-248
    • Tanenberg, R.J.1    Newton, C.A.2    Drake, A.J.3
  • 76
    • 78651101592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments
    • Tesfaye S., Boulton A.J., Dyck P., et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010, 33:2285-2293.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 2285-2293
    • Tesfaye, S.1    Boulton, A.J.2    Dyck, P.3
  • 77
    • 1942469342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of human medial prefrontal cortex during autonomic responses to hypoglycemia
    • Teves D., Videen T.O., Cryer P.E., et al. Activation of human medial prefrontal cortex during autonomic responses to hypoglycemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101:6217-6221.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , pp. 6217-6221
    • Teves, D.1    Videen, T.O.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 78
    • 0027363076 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms
    • Towler D.A., Havlin C.E., Craft S., et al. Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. Diabetes 1993, 42:1791-1798.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1791-1798
    • Towler, D.A.1    Havlin, C.E.2    Craft, S.3
  • 79
    • 34247871323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: effects of treatment modalities and their duration
    • UK Hypoglycaemia Study Group
    • UK Hypoglycaemia Study Group Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: effects of treatment modalities and their duration. Diabetologia 2007, 50:1140-1147.
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 1140-1147
  • 80
    • 0032511566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998, 352:854-865.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 854-865
  • 81
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998, 352:837-853.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 82
    • 0005169502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: A 6-year, randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: A 6-year, randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy. Ann Intern Med 1998, 128:165-175.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 165-175
  • 83
    • 0020674603 scopus 로고
    • Identification of type I diabetic patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia during intensive therapy
    • White N.H., Skor D.A., Cryer P.E., et al. Identification of type I diabetic patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia during intensive therapy. N Engl J Med 1983, 308:485-491.
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.308 , pp. 485-491
    • White, N.H.1    Skor, D.A.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 84
    • 77958047126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensified glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes: time for a reappraisal
    • Yudkin J.S., Richter B., Gale E.A. Intensified glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes: time for a reappraisal. Diabetologia 2010, 53:2079-2085.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. 2079-2085
    • Yudkin, J.S.1    Richter, B.2    Gale, E.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.