Intensified glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes: Time for a reappraisal

Diabetologia

Volumn 53, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 2079-2085

  Yudkin, J S ^a   Richter, B ^b   Gale, E A M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Glycaemic control Guidelines; Risk factors; Risk reduction; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCOSE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE;

BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; EDITORIAL; FRACTURE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPOGLYCEMIA; MICROANGIOPATHY; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OSTEOPENIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SIDE EFFECT; WEIGHT GAIN;

BLOOD GLUCOSE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HUMANS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS;

EID: 77958047126     PISSN: 0012186X     EISSN: 14320428     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1864-z     Document Type: Editorial

References (49)

1. International Diabetes Federation (2009) Diabetes Atlas, 4th edn. International Diabetes Federation, Brussels
2. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837-853
3. Huang ES, Brown SES, Ewigman BG, Foley EC, Meltzer DO (2007) Patient perceptions of quality of life with diabetes-related complications and treatments. Diab Care 30:2478-2483
4. Bliss M (1983) The discovery of insulin. Paul Harris, Edinburgh
5. Appelbaum E, Nelson J, Albin MB (1949) The treatment of pneumococcal meningitis with penicillin; a study of 125 consecutive cases, with 73% recovery. Am J Med Sci 218:260-264
6. 4S Study Group (1994) Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4,444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 344:1383-1389
7. Currie CJ, Peters JR, Tynan A et al (2010) Survival as a function of HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61969-3
8. Yudkin JS (1993) How can we best prolong life? Benefits of coronary risk factor reduction in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. BMJ 306:1313-1318
9. Hingorani AD, Shah T, Casas JP, Humphries SE, Talmud PJ (2009) C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease: predictive test or therapeutic target? Clin Chem 55:239-255
10. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S et al (1990) Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 335:827-838
11. WHO cooperative trial on primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate to lower serum cholesterol: mortality follow-up. Report of the Committee of Principal Investigators. Lancet (1980) 316: 379-385.
12. MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J et al (1990) Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 335:765-774
13. Hebert PR, Moser M, Mayer J, Hennekens CH (1993) Recent evidence on drug therapy of mild to moderate hypertension and decreased risk of coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 153:578-581
14. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA et al (2000) Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 321:405-412
15. Selvin E, Marinopoulos S, Berkenblit G et al (2004) Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 141:421-431
16. University Group Diabetes Program (1970) A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes: Sections I and II. Diabetes 19(Suppl 2):747-830
17. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Study Group (2008) Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 358:2545-2559
18. ADVANCE Collaborative Group (2008) Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 358:2560-2572
19. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al (2009) for the VADT Investigators. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 360:129-139
20. Ray KK, Seshasai SRK, Wijesuriya S et al (2009) Effect of intensive control of glucose on cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with diabetes mellitus: a metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 373:1765-1772
21. Kelly TN, Bazzano LA, Fonseca VA, Thethi TK, Reynolds K, He J (2009) Glucose control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med 151:394-403
22. Yudkin JS, Richter B (2009) Intensive glucose control and cardiovascular outcomes. Lancet 374:522
23. Turnbull FM, Abraira C, Anderson RJ et al (2009) Intensive glucose control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 52:2288-2298, Erratum 52: 2470
24. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998) Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS34). Lancet 352:854-865
25. Prospective Studies Collaboration (2007) Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. Lancet 370:1829-1839
26. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators (2008) Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18 686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 371:117-125
27. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ (2009) Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: metaanalysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 338:b1665
28. Oliver M (2009) Let's not turn elderly people into patients. BMJ 338:b873
29. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents (1967) Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mmHg. JAMA 202:1028-1034
30. Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO et al (2009) Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA Diabetes Trials. A position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. Circulation 119:351-357
31. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HAW (2008) 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359:1577-1589
32. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group (2005) Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 353:2643-2653
33. Clarke PM, Gray AM, Briggs A et al and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKDPS) Group (2004) A model to estimate the lifetime health outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Outcomes Model (UKPDS no. 68). Diabetologia 47:1747-1759
34. Simmons RK, Coleman RL, Price HC et al (2009) Performance of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine and the Framingham risk equations in estimating cardiovascular disease in the EPIC- Norfolk Cohort. Diab Care 32:708-713
35. Huang ES, Zhang Q, Gandra N, Chin MH, Meltzer DO (2008) The effect of comorbid illness and functional status on the expected benefits of intensive glucose control in older patients with type 2 diabetes: a decision analysis. Ann Intern Med 149:11-19
36. Kahn R, Robertson RM, Smith R, Eddy D (2008) The impact of prevention on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease. Diab Care 31:1686-1696
37. Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Sargeant LA, Prevost AT et al (2008) How much might cardiovascular disease risk be reduced by intensive therapy in people with screen-detected diabetes? Diabet Med 25: 1433-1439
38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1999) Quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients is affected by complications but not by intensive policies to improve blood glucose or blood pressure control (UKPDS 37). Diab Care 22:1125-1136
39. Morris AD, Boyle DIR, MacAlpine R et al (1997) The Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (DARTS) Study: electronic record linkage to create a diabetes register. BMJ 315:524-528
40. Caughey GE, Vitry AI, Gilbert AL, Roughead EE (2008) Prevalence of comorbidity of chronic diseases in Australia. BMC Public Health 8:221
41. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 329:977-986
42. Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA et al for the ACCORD trial group (2010) Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10) 60576-4
43. Vijan J, Hofer TP, Haywards RA (1997) Estimated benefits of glycemic control in microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med 127:788-795
44. CDC Diabetes Cost-effectiveness Group (2002) Cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic control, intensified hypertension control, and serum cholesterol level reduction in type 2 diabetes. JAMA 287:2542-2551
45. Holman RR, Farmer AJ, Davies MJ et al for the 4T Study Group (2009) Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 361:1736-1747
46. Whitmer RA, Karter AJ Yaffe K, Quesenberry CP Jr, Selby JV (2009) Hypoglycemic episodes and risk of dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 301:1565-1572
47. Yudkin JS, Richter B, Gale EAM (2010) Intensified glucose control in type 2 diabetes-whose agenda? Lancet (in press)
48. Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Welch HG (2008) Know your chances. Understanding health statistics. University of California Press, Berkeley
49. Gigerenzer G (2009) Making sense of health statistics. Bull World Health Organ 87:567