메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 371, Issue 2001, 2013, Pages

The early eocene equable climate problem: Can perturbations of climate model parameters identify possible solutions?

Author keywords

Data model; Eocene; Eocene model; Equable; Perturbed physics ensemble

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; C (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE); CARBON DIOXIDE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; GLOBAL WARMING; OPTIMIZATION;

EID: 84884888151     PISSN: 1364503X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0123     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (145)
  • 1
    • 0000581123 scopus 로고
    • A warm, equable cretaceous: The nature of the problem
    • doi:10.1016/0012-8252(83)90001-6
    • Barron EJ. 1983 A warm, equable Cretaceous: The nature of the problem. Earth-Sci. Rev. 19, 305-338. (doi:10.1016/0012-8252(83)90001-6).
    • (1983) Earth-Sci. Rev. , vol.19 , pp. 305-338
    • Barron, E.J.1
  • 2
    • 0023698368 scopus 로고
    • A guide to phanerozoic cold polar climates from high-latitude ice-rafting in the cretaceous
    • doi:10.1038/333547a0
    • Frakes LA, Francis JE. 1988 A guide to Phanerozoic cold polar climates from high-latitude ice-rafting in the Cretaceous. Nature 333, 547-549. (doi:10.1038/333547a0).
    • (1988) Nature , vol.333 , pp. 547-549
    • Frakes, L.A.1    Francis, J.E.2
  • 3
    • 82755163398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early eocene equable climate problem revisited
    • doi:10.5194/cp-7-603-2011
    • Huber M, Caballero R. 2011 The Early Eocene equable climate problem revisited. Clim. Past 7, 603-633. (doi:10.5194/cp-7-603-2011).
    • (2011) Clim. Past , vol.7 , pp. 603-633
    • Huber, M.1    Caballero, R.2
  • 4
    • 84866086717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model-data comparison for a multi-model ensemble of early eocene atmosphere-ocean simulations: Eomip
    • doi:10.5194/cp-8-1717-2012
    • Lunt DJ et al. 2012 A model-data comparison for a multi-model ensemble of Early Eocene atmosphere-ocean simulations: EoMIP. Clim. Past 8, 1717-1736. (doi:10.5194/cp-8-1717-2012).
    • (2012) Clim. Past , vol.8 , pp. 1717-1736
    • Lunt, D.J.1
  • 6
    • 84858129583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global decline in ocean ventilation, oxygenation, and productivity during the paleocene-eocene thermal maximum: Implications for the benthic extinction
    • doi:10.1130/G32529.1
    • Winguth AME, Thomas E, Winguth C. 2012 Global decline in ocean ventilation, oxygenation, and productivity during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: implications for the benthic extinction. Geology 40, 263-266. (doi:10.1130/G32529.1).
    • (2012) Geology , vol.40 , pp. 263-266
    • Winguth, A.M.E.1    Thomas, E.2    Winguth, C.3
  • 7
    • 33745272227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtropical arctic ocean temperatures during the palaeocene/eocene thermal maximum
    • doi:10.1038/nature04668
    • Sluijs A et al. 2006 Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 441, 610-613. (doi:10.1038/ nature04668).
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 610-613
    • Sluijs, A.1
  • 8
  • 10
    • 0025671044 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of antarctic surface waters during the paleogene: Inferences from the stable isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifers, odp leg 1131
    • doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.113.187.1990
    • Stott LD, Kennett JP, Shackleton NJ, Corfield RM. 1990 The evolution of Antarctic surface waters during the paleogene: inferences from the stable isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifers, ODP Leg 1131. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program Sci. Results 113, 849-863. (doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.113.187. 1990).
    • (1990) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program Sci. Results , vol.113 , pp. 849-863
    • Stott, L.D.1    Kennett, J.P.2    Shackleton, N.J.3    Corfield, R.M.4
  • 11
    • 70349939428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early palaeogene temperature evolution of the southwest pacific ocean
    • doi:10.1038/nature08399
    • Bijl PK, Schouten S, Sluijs A, Reichart GJ, Zachos JC, Brinkhuis H. 2009 Early Palaeogene temperature evolution of the southwest pacific ocean. Nature 461, 776-779. (doi:10.1038/nature08399).
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , pp. 776-779
    • Bijl, P.K.1    Schouten, S.2    Sluijs, A.3    Reichart, G.J.4    Zachos, J.C.5    Brinkhuis, H.6
  • 12
    • 84871424287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant communities and climate change in southeastern Australia during the early paleogene
    • doi:10.1130/0-8137-2369-8.365
    • Greenwood DR, Moss PT, Rowett AI, Vadala AJ, Keefe RL. 2003 Plant communities and climate change in southeastern Australia during the Early Paleogene. Geol. Soc. Am. Special Papers 369, 365-380. (doi:10.1130/0-8137-2369- 8.365).
    • (2003) Geol. Soc. Am. Special Papers , vol.369 , pp. 365-380
    • Greenwood, D.R.1    Moss, P.T.2    Rowett, A.I.3    Vadala, A.J.4    Keefe, R.L.5
  • 13
    • 1842639594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleotemperature estimation using leaf-margin analysis: Is Australia different?
    • doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0129:PEULAI>2.0.CO;2
    • Greenwood DR, Wilf P, Wing SL, Christophel DC. 2004 Paleotemperature estimation using leaf-margin analysis: is Australia different? Palaios 19, 129-142. (doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0129:PEULAI>2.0.CO;2).
    • (2004) Palaios , vol.19 , pp. 129-142
    • Greenwood, D.R.1    Wilf, P.2    Wing, S.L.3    Christophel, D.C.4
  • 14
    • 84871443849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeogene west antarctic climate and vegetation history in light of new data from king george island
    • doi:10.1130/0-8137-2369-8.395
    • Hunt RJ, Poole I. 2003 Palaeogene West Antarctic climate and vegetation history in light of new data from King George Island. Geol. Soc. Am. Special Papers 369, 395-412. (doi:10.1130/0-8137-2369-8.395).
    • (2003) Geol. Soc. Am. Special Papers , vol.369 , pp. 395-412
    • Hunt, R.J.1    Poole, I.2
  • 16
    • 33747066399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic hydrology during global warming at the palaeocene/eocene thermal maximum
    • doi:10.1038/nature05043
    • Pagani M et al. 2006 Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 442, 671-675. (doi:10.1038/ nature05043).
    • (2006) Nature , vol.442 , pp. 671-675
    • Pagani, M.1
  • 17
    • 9644254371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A humid climate state during the palaeocene/eocene thermal maximum
    • doi:10.1038/nature03115
    • Bowen GJ, Beerling DJ, Koch PL, Zachos JC, Quattlebaum T. 2004 A humid climate state during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 432, 495-499. (doi:10.1038/nature03115).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 495-499
    • Bowen, G.J.1    Beerling, D.J.2    Koch, P.L.3    Zachos, J.C.4    Quattlebaum, T.5
  • 18
    • 33544469277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt hydrographic changes in the equatorial pacific and subtropical atlantic from foraminiferal Mg/Ca indicate greenhouse origin for the thermal maximum at the paleocene-eocene boundary
    • doi:10.1029/2003GC000631
    • Tripati AK, Elderfield H. 2004 Abrupt hydrographic changes in the equatorial Pacific and subtropical Atlantic from foraminiferal Mg/Ca indicate greenhouse origin for the thermal maximum at the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 5, Q02006. (doi:10.1029/2003GC000631).
    • (2004) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.5
    • Tripati, A.K.1    Elderfield, H.2
  • 19
    • 0037068465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrologic cycle in deep-time climate problems
    • doi:10.1038/nature01088
    • Pierrehumbert RT. 2002 The hydrologic cycle in deep-time climate problems. Nature 419, 191-198. (doi:10.1038/nature01088).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 191-198
    • Pierrehumbert, R.T.1
  • 20
    • 84979448032 scopus 로고
    • Eocene equator-to-pole surface ocean temperatures:A significant climate problem?
    • doi:10.1029/PA002i006p00729
    • Barron EJ. 1987 Eocene equator-to-pole surface ocean temperatures:A significant climate problem? Paleoceanography 2, 729-739. (doi:10.1029/ PA002i006p00729).
    • (1987) Paleoceanography , vol.2 , pp. 729-739
    • Barron, E.J.1
  • 22
    • 17644428068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaf form and the reconstruction of past climates
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01380.x
    • Greenwood DR. 2005 Leaf form and the reconstruction of past climates. New Phytol. 166, 355-357. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01380.x).
    • (2005) New Phytol , vol.166 , pp. 355-357
    • Greenwood, D.R.1
  • 23
    • 0037027960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean annual temperature estimation based on leaf morphology:A test from tropical south america
    • doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00550-3
    • Kowalski EA. 2002 Mean annual temperature estimation based on leaf morphology:A test from tropical South America. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 188, 141-165. (doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00550-3).
    • (2002) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.188 , pp. 141-165
    • Kowalski, E.A.1
  • 24
    • 0037422577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warmer paleotemperatures for terrestrial ecosystems
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.232693599
    • Kowalski EA, Dilcher DL. 2003 Warmer paleotemperatures for terrestrial ecosystems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 167-170. (doi:10.1073/pnas.232693599) .
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 167-170
    • Kowalski, E.A.1    Dilcher, D.L.2
  • 25
    • 77954595605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of large uncertainties in fossil leaf paleoaltimetry
    • doi:10.1029/2009TC002549
    • Peppe DJ, Royer DL, Wilf P, Kowalski EA. 2010 Quantification of large uncertainties in fossil leaf paleoaltimetry. Tectonics 29, TC3015. (doi:10.1029/2009TC002549).
    • (2010) Tectonics , vol.29
    • Peppe, D.J.1    Royer, D.L.2    Wilf, P.3    Kowalski, E.A.4
  • 26
    • 0001331960 scopus 로고
    • 'Equable' climates during earth history?
    • doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0489:ECDEH>2.3.CO;2
    • Sloan LC, Barron EJ. 1990 'Equable' climates during Earth history? Geology 18, 489-492. (doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0489:ECDEH>2.3.CO;2).
    • (1990) Geology , vol.18 , pp. 489-492
    • Sloan, L.C.1    Barron, E.J.2
  • 27
    • 0026445206 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of eocene climate model results to quantified paleoclimatic interpretations
    • A, ., (doi:10.1016/0031-0182(92)90096-N
    • Sloan LC, Barron EJ. 1992 A comparison of Eocene climate model results to quantified paleoclimatic interpretations. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 93, 183-202. (doi:10.1016/0031-0182(92)90096-N).
    • (1992) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.93 , pp. 183-202
    • Sloan, L.C.1    Barron, E.J.2
  • 28
    • 0036624046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the feedback of stratospheric clouds on polar climate
    • doi:10.1029/2002GL014659
    • Kirk-Davidoff DB, Schrag DP, Anderson JG. 2002 On the feedback of stratospheric clouds on polar climate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 51. (doi:10.1029/2002GL014659).
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 51
    • Kirk-Davidoff, D.B.1    Schrag, D.P.2    Anderson, J.G.3
  • 29
    • 0345782225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple model of multiple climate regimes
    • ACL 4. (doi:10.1029/2001JD001002
    • Emanuel K. 2002 A simple model of multiple climate regimes. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 107, ACL 4. (doi:10.1029/2001JD001002).
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos , vol.107
    • Emanuel, K.1
  • 30
    • 2042515875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental control of tropical cyclone intensity
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0843: ECOTCI>2.0.CO;2
    • Emanuel K, DesAutels C, Holloway C, Korty R. 2004 Environmental control of tropical cyclone intensity. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 843-858. (doi:10.1175/1520- 0469(2004)061<0843: ECOTCI>2.0.CO;2).
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 843-858
    • Emanuel, K.1    Desautels, C.2    Holloway, C.3    Korty, R.4
  • 31
    • 40849137759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opical cyclone-induced upper-ocean mixing and climate: Application to equable climates
    • Tr, (doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1659.1
    • Korty RL, Emanuel KA, Scott JR. 2008 Tropical cyclone-induced upper-ocean mixing and climate: application to equable climates. J. Clim. 21, 638-654. (doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1659.1).
    • (2008) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 638-654
    • Korty, R.L.1    Emanuel, K.A.2    Scott, J.R.3
  • 32
    • 84874958823 scopus 로고
    • Equable climates during the early eocene: Significance of regional paleogeography for north american climate
    • doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994) 022<0881:ECDTEE>2.3.CO;2
    • Sloan LC. 1994 Equable climates during the Early Eocene: significance of regional paleogeography for North American climate. Geology 22, 881-884. (doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994) 022<0881:ECDTEE>2.3.CO;2).
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 881-884
    • Sloan, L.C.1
  • 33
    • 0035060581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eocene oceanic responses to orbital forcing on precessional time scales
    • doi:10.1029/1999PA000491
    • Sloan LC, Huber M. 2001 Eocene oceanic responses to orbital forcing on precessional time scales. Paleoceanography 16, 101-111. (doi:10.1029/ 1999PA000491).
    • (2001) Paleoceanography , vol.16 , pp. 101-111
    • Sloan, L.C.1    Huber, M.2
  • 34
    • 0032533126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital forcing and eocene continental temperatures
    • doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00091-1
    • Sloan LC, Morrill C. 1998 Orbital forcing and Eocene continental temperatures. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 144, 21-35. (doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00091-1).
    • (1998) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.144 , pp. 21-35
    • Sloan, L.C.1    Morrill, C.2
  • 36
    • 31144449932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ocean circulation in the southern hemisphere and its climatic impacts in the eocene
    • doi:10.1016/j.palaeo. 2005.07.037
    • Huber M, Nof D. 2006 The ocean circulation in the southern hemisphere and its climatic impacts in the Eocene. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 231, 9-28. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo. 2005.07.037).
    • (2006) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.231 , pp. 9-28
    • Huber, M.1    Nof, D.2
  • 38
    • 84884859067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of polar stratospheric clouds in a moist stratosphere
    • doi:10.5194/cpd-3-935-2007
    • Kirk-Davidoff DB, Lamarque JF. 2007 Maintenance of polar stratospheric clouds in a moist stratosphere. Clim. Past Discuss. 3, 935-960. (doi:10.5194/cpd-3-935-2007).
    • (2007) Clim. Past Discuss , vol.3 , pp. 935-960
    • Kirk-Davidoff, D.B.1    Lamarque, J.F.2
  • 39
    • 41949091634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-latitude convective cloud feedback and equable climates
    • doi:10.1002/qj.211
    • Abbot DS, Tziperman E. 2008 A high-latitude convective cloud feedback and equable climates. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 134, 165-185. (doi:10.1002/qj.211).
    • (2008) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.134 , pp. 165-185
    • Abbot, D.S.1    Tziperman, E.2
  • 40
    • 40849144241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea ice, high-latitude convection, and equable climates
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL032286
    • Abbot DS, Tziperman E. 2008 Sea ice, high-latitude convection, and equable climates. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, L03702. (doi:10.1029/2007GL032286).
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Abbot, D.S.1    Tziperman, E.2
  • 41
    • 42049090180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplification of cretaceous warmth by biological cloud feedbacks
    • doi:10.1126/science.1153883
    • Kump LR, Pollard D. 2008 Amplification of Cretaceous warmth by biological cloud feedbacks. Science 320, 195. (doi:10.1126/science.1153883).
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 195
    • Kump, L.R.1    Pollard, D.2
  • 42
    • 84884890299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the palaeocene-eocene thermal maximum climate to cloud properties
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0093
    • Kiehl JT, Shields CA. 2013 Sensitivity of the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum climate to cloud properties. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 371, 20130093. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0093).
    • (2013) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. a , vol.371 , pp. 20130093
    • Kiehl, J.T.1    Shields, C.A.2
  • 43
    • 33846666855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosols before pollution
    • doi:10.1126/science.1136529
    • Andreae MO. 2007 Aerosols before pollution. Science 315, 50-51. (doi:10.1126/science.1136529).
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 50-51
    • Andreae, M.O.1
  • 44
    • 77949711256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warm paleocene/eocene climate as simulated in ECHAM5/MPI-OM
    • doi:10.5194/cp-5-785-2009
    • HeinemannM, Jungclaus JH, Marotzke J. 2009 Warm Paleocene/Eocene climate as simulated in ECHAM5/MPI-OM. Clim. Past 5, 785-802. (doi:10.5194/cp-5-785- 2009).
    • (2009) Clim. Past , vol.5 , pp. 785-802
    • Heinemann, M.1    Jungclaus, J.H.2    Marotzke, J.3
  • 45
    • 70249151133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate sensitivity to arctic seaway restriction during the early paleogene
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009. 07.026
    • Roberts CD, LeGrande AN, Tripati AK. 2009 Climate sensitivity to Arctic seaway restriction during the Early Paleogene. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 286, 576-585. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009. 07.026).
    • (2009) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.286 , pp. 576-585
    • Roberts, C.D.1    Legrande, A.N.2    Tripati, A.K.3
  • 47
    • 77954355133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate response at the paleocene-eocene thermal maximum to greenhouse gas forcing-amodel study with CCSM3
    • doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3113.1
    • Winguth A, Shellito C, Shields C, Winguth C. 2010 Climate response at the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum to greenhouse gas forcing-amodel study with CCSM3. J. Clim. 23, 2562- 2584. (doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3113.1).
    • (2010) J. Clim , vol.23 , pp. 2562-2584
    • Winguth, A.1    Shellito, C.2    Shields, C.3    Winguth, C.4
  • 48
    • 61349191753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical sea temperatures in the high-latitude south pacific during the eocene
    • doi:10.1130/G25200A.1
    • Hollis CJ et al. 2009 Tropical sea temperatures in the high-latitude South Pacific during the Eocene. Geology 37, 99-102. (doi:10.1130/G25200A.1).
    • (2009) Geology , vol.37 , pp. 99-102
    • Hollis, C.J.1
  • 50
    • 4043124611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of modelling uncertainties in a large ensemble of climate change simulations
    • doi:10.1038/nature02771
    • Murphy JM, Sexton DMH, Barnett DN, Jones GS, Webb MJ, Collins M, Stainforth DA. 2004 Quantification of modelling uncertainties in a large ensemble of climate change simulations. Nature 430, 768-772. (doi:10.1038/nature02771).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 768-772
    • Murphy, J.M.1    Sexton, D.M.H.2    Barnett, D.N.3    Jones, G.S.4    Webb, M.J.5    Collins, M.6    Stainforth, D.A.7
  • 51
    • 34547177691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of the multi-model ensemble in probabilistic climate projections
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.2007.2076
    • Tebaldi C, Knutti R. 2007 The use of the multi-model ensemble in probabilistic climate projections. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 365, 2053-2075. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2007.2076).
    • (2007) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. a , vol.365 , pp. 2053-2075
    • Tebaldi, C.1    Knutti, R.2
  • 53
    • 13444269104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in predictions of the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases
    • doi:10.1038/nature03301
    • Stainforth DA et al. 2005 Uncertainty in predictions of the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases. Nature 433, 403-406. (doi:10.1038/nature03301).
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 403-406
    • Stainforth, D.A.1
  • 54
    • 33947165712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of anthropogenic co2 emissions simulated with a complex earth system model
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0204-y
    • Mikolajewicz U, Groger M, Maier-Reimer E, Schurgers G, Vizcaino M, Winguth AME. 2007 Long-term effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions simulated with a complex earth system model. Clim. Dyn. 28, 599-634. (doi:10.1007/s00382- 006-0204-y).
    • (2007) Clim. Dyn. , vol.28 , pp. 599-634
    • Mikolajewicz, U.1    Groger, M.2    Maier-Reimer, E.3    Schurgers, G.4    Vizcaino, M.5    Winguth, A.M.E.6
  • 55
    • 84861799351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate probabilistic projections using imperfect climate models part i: Outline of methodology
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1208-9
    • Sexton DMH, Murphy JM, Collins M, Webb MJ. 2011 Multivariate probabilistic projections using imperfect climate models part I: outline of methodology. Clim. Dyn. 38, 2513-2542. (doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1208-9).
    • (2011) Clim. Dyn. , vol.38 , pp. 2513-2542
    • Sexton, D.M.H.1    Murphy, J.M.2    Collins, M.3    Webb, M.J.4
  • 56
    • 33744775972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate sensitivity estimated fromensemble simulations of glacial climate
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0126-8
    • Schneider von Deimling T, Held H, Ganopolski A, Rahmstorf S. 2006 Climate sensitivity estimated fromensemble simulations of glacial climate. Clim. Dyn. 27, 149-163. (doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0126-8).
    • (2006) Clim. Dyn. , vol.27 , pp. 149-163
    • Schneider, V.D.T.1    Held, H.2    Ganopolski, A.3    Rahmstorf, S.4
  • 57
    • 79955975868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mountains and ice sheets on global ocean circulation
    • doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3982.1
    • Schmittner A, Silva TAM, Fraedrich K, Kirk E, Lunkeit F. 2011 Effects of mountains and ice sheets on global ocean circulation. J. Clim. 24, 2814-2829. (doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3982.1).
    • (2011) J. Clim. , vol.24 , pp. 2814-2829
    • Schmittner, A.1    Silva, T.A.M.2    Fraedrich, K.3    Kirk, E.4    Lunkeit, F.5
  • 58
    • 33846901870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking glacial and future climates through an ensemble of gcm simulations
    • doi:10.5194/cp-3-77-2007
    • Hargreaves JC, Abe-Ouchi A, Annan JD. 2007 Linking glacial and future climates through an ensemble of GCM simulations. Clim. Past 3, 77-87. (doi:10.5194/cp-3-77-2007).
    • (2007) Clim. Past , vol.3 , pp. 77-87
    • Hargreaves, J.C.1    Abe-Ouchi, A.2    Annan, J.D.3
  • 59
    • 77949670433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the importance of paleoclimate modelling for improving predictions of future climate change
    • doi:10.5194/cp-5-803-2009
    • Hargreaves JC, Annan JD. 2009 On the importance of paleoclimate modelling for improving predictions of future climate change. Clim. Past 5, 803-814. (doi:10.5194/cp-5-803-2009).
    • (2009) Clim. Past , vol.5 , pp. 803-814
    • Hargreaves, J.C.1    Annan, J.D.2
  • 60
    • 36248931525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modellingmid-holocene tropical climate and enso variability: Towards constraining predictions of future change with palaeo-data
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0270-9
    • Brown J, CollinsM, Tudhope AW, Toniazzo T. 2008 ModellingMid-Holocene tropical climate and ENSO variability: towards constraining predictions of future change with palaeo-data. Clim. Dyn. 30, 19-36. (doi:10.1007/s00382-007- 0270-9).
    • (2008) Clim. Dyn. , vol.30 , pp. 19-36
    • Brown, J.1    Collins, M.2    Tudhope, A.W.3    Toniazzo, T.4
  • 61
    • 79961015803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal tuning of a gcm using modern and glacial constraints
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0934-8
    • Gregoire LJ, Valdes PJ, Payne AJ, Kahana R. 2011 Optimal tuning of a GCM using modern and glacial constraints. Clim. Dyn. 37, 705-719. (doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0934-8).
    • (2011) Clim. Dyn. , vol.37 , pp. 705-719
    • Gregoire, L.J.1    Valdes, P.J.2    Payne, A.J.3    Kahana, R.4
  • 63
    • 26444577102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic optimisation and climate simulation of famous, a fast version of HADCM3
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-005-0027-2
    • Jones C, Gregory J, Thorpe R, Cox P, Murphy J, Sexton D, Valdes P. 2005 Systematic optimisation and climate simulation of FAMOUS, a fast version of HadCM3. Clim. Dyn. 25, 189-204. (doi:10.1007/s00382-005-0027-2).
    • (2005) Clim. Dyn. , vol.25 , pp. 189-204
    • Jones, C.1    Gregory, J.2    Thorpe, R.3    Cox, P.4    Murphy, J.5    Sexton, D.6    Valdes, P.7
  • 64
    • 0034025893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of sst, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the hadley centre coupled model without flux adjustments
    • doi:10.1007/s003820050010
    • Gordon C, Cooper C, Senior CA, Banks H, Gregory JM, Johns TC, Mitchell JFB, Wood RA. 2000 The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim. Dyn. 16, 147-168. (doi:10.1007/s003820050010).
    • (2000) Clim. Dyn. , vol.16 , pp. 147-168
    • Gordon, C.1    Cooper, C.2    Senior, C.A.3    Banks, H.4    Gregory, J.M.5    Johns, T.C.6    Mitchell, J.F.B.7    Wood, R.A.8
  • 65
    • 79952252931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A description of the FAMOUS (version XDBUA) climate model and control run
    • doi:10.5194/gmd-1-53-2008
    • Smith RS, Gregory JM, Osprey A. 2008 A description of the FAMOUS (version XDBUA) climate model and control run. Geoscient. Model Dev. 1, 53-68. (doi:10.5194/gmd-1-53-2008).
    • (2008) Geoscient. Model Dev. , vol.1 , pp. 53-68
    • Smith, R.S.1    Gregory, J.M.2    Osprey, A.3
  • 66
    • 0034108544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new physical parametrizations in the hadley centre climate model: HADAM3
    • doi:10.1007/s003820050009
    • Pope VD, Gallani ML, Rowntree PR, Stratton RA. 2000 The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3. Clim. Dyn. 16, 123-146. (doi:10.1007/s003820050009).
    • (2000) Clim. Dyn. , vol.16 , pp. 123-146
    • Pope, V.D.1    Gallani, M.L.2    Rowntree, P.R.3    Stratton, R.A.4
  • 67
    • 0033044341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new land surface physics on the GCM simulation of climate and climate sensitivity
    • doi:10.1007/s003820050276
    • Cox PM, Betts RA, Bunton CB, Essery RLH, Rowntree PR, Smith J. 1999 The impact of new land surface physics on the GCM simulation of climate and climate sensitivity. Clim. Dyn. 15, 183-203. (doi:10.1007/s003820050276).
    • (1999) Clim. Dyn. , vol.15 , pp. 183-203
    • Cox, P.M.1    Betts, R.A.2    Bunton, C.B.3    Essery, R.L.H.4    Rowntree, P.R.5    Smith, J.6
  • 70
    • 0008396627 scopus 로고
    • Models come in from the cold
    • doi:10.1038/361016a0
    • Ziegler AM. 1993 Models come in from the cold. Nature 361, 16-17. (doi:10.1038/361016a0).
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 16-17
    • Ziegler, A.M.1
  • 71
    • 0027426473 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of late permian palaeogeography in maintaining a temperate climate in gondwana
    • doi:10.1038/361051a0
    • Yemane K. 1993 Contribution of Late Permian palaeogeography in maintaining a temperate climate in Gondwana. Nature 361, 51-54. (doi:10.1038/361051a0).
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 51-54
    • Yemane, K.1
  • 72
    • 4644338232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeo-digital elevation models for use as boundary conditions in coupled ocean-atmosphere gcm experiments:A maastrichtian (late cretaceous) example
    • doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.06.015
    • Markwick PJ, Valdes PJ. 2004 Palaeo-digital elevation models for use as boundary conditions in coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM experiments:A Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) example. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 213, 37-63. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.06.015).
    • (2004) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.213 , pp. 37-63
    • Markwick, P.J.1    Valdes, P.J.2
  • 73
    • 0034541583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate sensitivity to changes in land surface characteristics
    • doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00056-4
    • Sewall JO, Sloan LC, Huber M, Wing S. 2000 Climate sensitivity to changes in land surface characteristics. Glob. Planet. Change 26, 445-465. (doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00056-4).
    • (2000) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.26 , pp. 445-465
    • Sewall, J.O.1    Sloan, L.C.2    Huber, M.3    Wing, S.4
  • 74
    • 0019697466 scopus 로고
    • The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1981) 038<1179:TSLROA>2.0.CO;2
    • Hoskins BJ, Karoly DJ. 1981 The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 1179-1196. (doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1981) 038<1179:TSLROA>2.0.CO;2).
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1179-1196
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Karoly, D.J.2
  • 75
    • 0027430507 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of eurasian climate to surface uplift of the tibetan plateau
    • doi:10.1086/648215
    • Kutzbach JE, Prell WL, Ruddiman WF. 1993 Sensitivity of Eurasian climate to surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geol. 101, 177-190. (doi:10.1086/648215).
    • (1993) J. Geol. , vol.101 , pp. 177-190
    • Kutzbach, J.E.1    Prell, W.L.2    Ruddiman, W.F.3
  • 76
    • 78649658113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shaping of storm tracks by mountains and ocean dynamics
    • doi:10.1002/wea.633
    • Wilson C, Sinha B, Williams RG. 2010 The shaping of storm tracks by mountains and ocean dynamics. Weather 65, 320-323. (doi:10.1002/wea.633).
    • (2010) Weather , vol.65 , pp. 320-323
    • Wilson, C.1    Sinha, B.2    Williams, R.G.3
  • 77
    • 77950532549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the oxygen isotope distribution of ancient seawater using a coupled ocean-atmosphere gcm: Implications for reconstructing early eocene climate
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.049
    • Tindall J, Flecker R, Valdes P, Schmidt DN, Markwick P, Harris J. 2010 Modelling the oxygen isotope distribution of ancient seawater using a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM: implications for reconstructing Early Eocene climate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 292, 265-273. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.049).
    • (2010) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.292 , pp. 265-273
    • Tindall, J.1    Flecker, R.2    Valdes, P.3    Schmidt, D.N.4    Markwick, P.5    Harris, J.6
  • 78
    • 0035933277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleobotanical evidence for near present-day levels of atmospheric co2 during part of the tertiary
    • doi:10.1126/science.292.5525.2310
    • Royer DL, Wing SL, Beerling DJ, Jolley DW, Koch PL, Hickey LJ, Robert AB. 2001 Paleobotanical evidence for near present-day levels of atmospheric CO2 during part of the tertiary. Science 292, 2310-2313. (doi:10.1126/science.292. 5525.2310).
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 2310-2313
    • Royer, D.L.1    Wing, S.L.2    Beerling, D.J.3    Jolley, D.W.4    Koch, P.L.5    Hickey, L.J.6    Robert, A.B.7
  • 79
    • 0037090681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide and climate over the past 300 Myr
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.2001.0960
    • Retallack GJ. 2002 Carbon dioxide and climate over the past 300 Myr. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 360, 659-673. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2001.0960).
    • (2002) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A , vol.360 , pp. 659-673
    • Retallack, G.J.1
  • 80
    • 1542286492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fe (CO3) oh in goethite from a mid-latitude north american oxisol: Estimate of atmospheric co2 concentration in the early eocene
    • doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.002
    • Yapp CJ. 2004 Fe (CO3) OH in goethite from a mid-latitude North American Oxisol: estimate of atmospheric CO2 concentration in the Early Eocene. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68, 935-947. (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.002).
    • (2004) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.68 , pp. 935-947
    • Yapp, C.J.1
  • 81
    • 79960016583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergent cenozoic CO2 history
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo1186
    • Beerling DJ, Royer DL. 2011 Convergent Cenozoic CO2 history. Nat. Geosci. 4, 418-420. (doi:10.1038/ngeo1186).
    • (2011) Nat. Geosci. , vol.4 , pp. 418-420
    • Beerling, D.J.1    Royer, D.L.2
  • 82
    • 22744450037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marked decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the paleogene
    • doi:10.1126/science.1110063
    • Pagani M, Zachos JC, Freeman KH, Tipple B, Bohaty S. 2005 Marked decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the Paleogene. Science 309, 600-603. (doi:10.1126/science.1110063).
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 600-603
    • Pagani, M.1    Zachos, J.C.2    Freeman, K.H.3    Tipple, B.4    Bohaty, S.5
  • 83
    • 0026613364 scopus 로고
    • Possible methane-induced polar warming in the early eocene
    • doi:10.1038/357320a0
    • Sloan LC, Walker JCG, Moore TC, Rea DK, Zachos JC. 1992 Possible methane-induced polar warming in the Early Eocene. Nature 357, 320-322. (doi:10.1038/357320a0).
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 320-322
    • Sloan, L.C.1    Walker, J.C.G.2    Moore, T.C.3    Rea, D.K.4    Zachos, J.C.5
  • 84
  • 85
    • 85020728058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into peatland expansion and methane cycling on the east antarctic continent in the early eocene
    • Toney JL et al. 2012 Insights into peatland expansion and methane cycling on the East Antarctic continent in the Early Eocene. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts 2012, p. 8210.
    • (2012) EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts , pp. 8210
    • Toney, J.L.1
  • 86
    • 79959949643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced chemistry-climate feedbacks in past greenhouse worlds
    • doi:10.1073/pnas. 1102409108
    • Beerling DJ, Fox A, Stevenson DS, Valdes PJ. 2011 Enhanced chemistry-climate feedbacks in past greenhouse worlds. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 9770-9775. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 1102409108).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 9770-9775
    • Beerling, D.J.1    Fox, A.2    Stevenson, D.S.3    Valdes, P.J.4
  • 87
    • 3342916070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the earth
    • doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041335
    • Laskar J, Robutel P, Joutel F, Gastineau M, Correia ACM, Levrard B. 2004 A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth. Astron. Astrophys. 428, 261-285. (doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041335).
    • (2004) Astron. Astrophys , vol.428 , pp. 261-285
    • Laskar, J.1    Robutel, P.2    Joutel, F.3    Gastineau, M.4    Correia, A.C.M.5    Levrard, B.6
  • 88
    • 80455178695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for orbital pacing of methane hydrate destabilization during the palaeogene
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo1266
    • Lunt DJ, Ridgwell A, Sluijs A, Zachos J, Hunter S, Haywood A. 2011 A model for orbital pacing of methane hydrate destabilization during the Palaeogene. Nat. Geosci. 4, 775-778. (doi:10.1038/ngeo1266).
    • (2011) Nat. Geosci. , vol.4 , pp. 775-778
    • Lunt, D.J.1    Ridgwell, A.2    Sluijs, A.3    Zachos, J.4    Hunter, S.5    Haywood, A.6
  • 90
    • 0027038332 scopus 로고
    • Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate
    • doi:10.1038/359716a0
    • Bonan GB, Pollard D, Thompson SL. 1992 Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate. Nature 359, 716-718. (doi:10.1038/359716a0).
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 716-718
    • Bonan, G.B.1    Pollard, D.2    Thompson, S.L.3
  • 92
    • 0028159733 scopus 로고
    • Feedbacks between climate and boreal forests during the holocene epoch
    • doi:10.1038/371052a0
    • Foley JA, Kutzbach JE, Coe MT, Levis S. 1994 Feedbacks between climate and boreal forests during the Holocene epoch. Nature 371, 52-54. (doi:10.1038/371052a0).
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 52-54
    • Foley, J.A.1    Kutzbach, J.E.2    Coe, M.T.3    Levis, S.4
  • 93
    • 33644537381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing a lost eocene paradise. I. Simulating the change in global floral distribution at the initial eocene thermal maximum
    • doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.08.001
    • Shellito CJ, Sloan LC. 2006 Reconstructing a lost Eocene paradise. I. Simulating the change in global floral distribution at the initial Eocene thermal maximum. Glob. Planet. Change 50, 1-17. (doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005. 08.001).
    • (2006) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.50 , pp. 1-17
    • Shellito, C.J.1    Sloan, L.C.2
  • 94
    • 33644515320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing a lost eocene paradise. Ii. On the utility of dynamic global vegetation models in pre-quaternary climate studies
    • doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.08.002
    • Shellito CJ, Sloan LC. 2006 Reconstructing a lost Eocene paradise. II. On the utility of dynamic global vegetation models in pre-Quaternary climate studies. Glob. Planet. Change 50, 18-32. (doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.08.002).
    • (2006) Glob. Planet. Change , vol.50 , pp. 18-32
    • Shellito, C.J.1    Sloan, L.C.2
  • 95
    • 0034716037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model:A global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics
    • doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00348-3
    • Peng C. 2000 From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model:A global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics. Ecol. Modell. 135, 33-54. (doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00348-3).
    • (2000) Ecol. Modell , vol.135 , pp. 33-54
    • Peng, C.1
  • 96
    • 0033562195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-beneficial effects of vegetation on climate in an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/1999GL900283
    • Betts RA. 1999 Self-beneficial effects of vegetation on climate in an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1457-1460. (doi:10.1029/1999GL900283).
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 1457-1460
    • Betts, R.A.1
  • 97
    • 85043906446 scopus 로고
    • Latin hypercube sampling as a tool in uncertainty analysis of computer models
    • Arlington, VA: ACM Press
    • McKay MD. 1992 Latin hypercube sampling as a tool in uncertainty analysis of computer models. In Proc. 24th Conf. on Winter Simulation, pp. 557-564. Arlington, VA: ACM Press.
    • (1992) Proc. 24th Conf. on Winter Simulation , pp. 557-564
    • Mckay, M.D.1
  • 98
    • 70549096873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing the sample size of a computer experiment:A practical guide
    • doi:10.1198/TECH.2009.08040
    • Loeppky JL, Sacks J, Welch WJ. 2009 Choosing the sample size of a computer experiment:A practical guide. Technometrics 51, 366-76. (doi:10.1198/TECH.2009.08040).
    • (2009) Technometrics , vol.51 , pp. 366-376
    • Loeppky, J.L.1    Sacks, J.2    Welch, W.J.3
  • 99
    • 0026313491 scopus 로고
    • Paleogene and early neogene oceanography of the southern indian ocean: Leg 119 foraminifer stable isotope results
    • doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.119.167.1991
    • Barrera E, Huber BT. 1991 Paleogene and Early Neogene oceanography of the Southern Indian Ocean: Leg 119 foraminifer stable isotope results. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program Sci. Results 119, 693-717. (doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.119.167. 1991).
    • (1991) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program Sci. Results , vol.119 , pp. 693-717
    • Barrera, E.1    Huber, B.T.2
  • 101
    • 8144230734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeobotanical studies from tropical africa: Relevance to the evolution of forest, woodland and savannah biomes
    • doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1533
    • Jacobs BF. 2004 Palaeobotanical studies from tropical Africa: relevance to the evolution of forest, woodland and savannah biomes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 359, 1573-1583. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1533).
    • (2004) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.359 , pp. 1573-1583
    • Jacobs, B.F.1
  • 102
    • 40449121656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term sea-level fluctuations driven by ocean basin dynamics
    • doi:10.1126/science. 1151540
    • Müller RD, Sdrolias M, Gaina C, Steinberger B, Heine C. 2008 Long-term sea-level fluctuations driven by ocean basin dynamics. Science 319, 1357-1362. (doi:10.1126/science. 1151540).
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , pp. 1357-1362
    • Müller, R.D.1    Sdrolias, M.2    Gaina, C.3    Steinberger, B.4    Heine, C.5
  • 103
    • 73849104024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarker reconstruction of the early eocene paleotopography and paleoclimate of the northern sierra nevada
    • doi:10.1130/G30215.1
    • Hren MT, Pagani M, Erwin DM, Brandon M. 2010 Biomarker reconstruction of the Early Eocene paleotopography and paleoclimate of the northern Sierra Nevada. Geology 38, 7-10. (doi:10.1130/G30215.1).
    • (2010) Geology , vol.38 , pp. 7-10
    • Hren, M.T.1    Pagani, M.2    Erwin, D.M.3    Brandon, M.4
  • 104
    • 38349105013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An early cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics
    • doi:10.1038/nature06588
    • Zachos JC, Dickens GR, Zeebe RE. 2008 An Early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics. Nature 451, 279-283. (doi:10.1038/nature06588).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 279-283
    • Zachos, J.C.1    Dickens, G.R.2    Zeebe, R.E.3
  • 105
    • 80054758803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of seawater oxygen isotopes to climatic and tectonic boundary conditions in an early paleogene simulation with GISS modelE-R
    • doi:10.1029/2010PA002025
    • Roberts CD, LeGrande AN, Tripati AK. 2011 Sensitivity of seawater oxygen isotopes to climatic and tectonic boundary conditions in an Early Paleogene simulation with GISS ModelE-R. Paleoceanography 26, PA4203. (doi:10.1029/ 2010PA002025).
    • (2011) Paleoceanography , vol.26
    • Roberts, C.D.1    Legrande, A.N.2    Tripati, A.K.3
  • 106
    • 77954543058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New indices and calibrations derived from the distribution of crenarchaeal isoprenoid tetraether lipids: Implications for past sea surface temperature reconstructions
    • doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.027
    • Kim JH, Van der Meer J, Schouten S, Helmke P, Willmott V, Sangiorgi F, Koç N, Hopmans EC, Sinninghe Damsté JS. 2010 New indices and calibrations derived from the distribution of crenarchaeal isoprenoid tetraether lipids: implications for past sea surface temperature reconstructions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 4639-4654. (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.027).
    • (2010) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.74 , pp. 4639-4654
    • Kim, J.H.1    Van, D.M.J.2    Schouten, S.3    Helmke, P.4    Willmott, V.5    Sangiorgi, F.6    Koç, N.7    Hopmans, E.C.8    Sinninghe, D.J.S.9
  • 107
    • 79960612696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arm, not super-hot, temperatures in the early eocene subtropics
    • W, (doi:10.1130/G32054.1
    • Keating-Bitonti CR, Ivany LC, Affek HP, Douglas P, Samson SD. 2011 Warm, not super-hot, temperatures in the Early Eocene subtropics. Geology 39, 771-774. (doi:10.1130/G32054.1).
    • (2011) Geology , vol.39 , pp. 771-774
    • Keating-Bitonti, C.R.1    Ivany, L.C.2    Affek, H.P.3    Douglas, P.4    Samson, S.D.5
  • 108
    • 78049239045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eocene sea temperatures for the mid-latitude southwest pacific from mg/ca ratios in planktonic and benthic foraminifera
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.039
    • Creech JB, Baker JA, Hollis CJ, Morgans HEG, Smith EGC. 2010 Eocene sea temperatures for the mid-latitude southwest Pacific from Mg/Ca ratios in planktonic and benthic foraminifera. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 299, 483-495. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.039).
    • (2010) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.299 , pp. 483-495
    • Creech, J.B.1    Baker, J.A.2    Hollis, C.J.3    Morgans, H.E.G.4    Smith, E.G.C.5
  • 109
    • 50649118398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North american continental margin records of the paleocene-eocene thermal maximum: Implications for global carbon and hydrological cycling
    • doi:10.1029/2007PA001465
    • John CM, Bohaty SM, Zachos JC, Sluijs A, Gibbs S, Brinkhuis H, Bralower TJ. 2008 North American continental margin records of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: implications for global carbon and hydrological cycling. Paleoceanography 23, PA2217. (doi:10.1029/2007PA001465).
    • (2008) Paleoceanography , vol.23
    • John, C.M.1    Bohaty, S.M.2    Zachos, J.C.3    Sluijs, A.4    Gibbs, S.5    Brinkhuis, H.6    Bralower, T.J.7
  • 110
    • 0027505201 scopus 로고
    • The paleocene-eocene transition in the antarctic indian ocean: Inference from planktic foraminifera
    • doi:10.1016/0377-8398(93)90012-M
    • Lu G, Keller G. 1993 The Paleocene-Eocene transition in the Antarctic Indian Ocean: inference from planktic foraminifera. Mar. Micropaleontol. 21, 101-142. (doi:10.1016/0377-8398(93)90012-M).
    • (1993) Mar. Micropaleontol , vol.21 , pp. 101-142
    • Lu, G.1    Keller, G.2
  • 111
    • 37549015657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental precursors to rapid light carbon injection at the palaeocene/eocene boundary
    • doi:10.1038/nature06400
    • Sluijs A et al. 2007 Environmental precursors to rapid light carbon injection at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary. Nature 450, 1218-1221. (doi:10.1038/nature06400).
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , pp. 1218-1221
    • Sluijs, A.1
  • 112
    • 0030462665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-dimensional measures of climatemodel performance
    • doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199604)16:4<379::AID-JOC18>3.0.CO;2-U
    • Watterson IG. 1996 Non-dimensional measures of climatemodel performance. Int. J. Climatol. 16, 379-391. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199604)16:4<379:: AID-JOC18>3.0.CO;2-U)..
    • (1996) Int. J. Climatol , vol.16 , pp. 379-391
    • Watterson, I.G.1
  • 113
    • 34547331902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The palaeocene- eocene carbon isotope excursion: Constraints from individual shell planktonic foraminifer records
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.2007.2045
    • Zachos JC, Bohaty SM, John CM, McCarren H, Kelly DC, Nielsen T. 2007 The Palaeocene- Eocene carbon isotope excursion: constraints from individual shell planktonic foraminifer records. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 365, 1829-1842. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2007.2045).
    • (2007) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. a , vol.365 , pp. 1829-1842
    • Zachos, J.C.1    Bohaty, S.M.2    John, C.M.3    Mccarren, H.4    Kelly, D.C.5    Nielsen, T.6
  • 114
    • 0345690130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transient rise in tropical sea surface temperature during the paleocene-eocene thermal maximum
    • doi:10.1126/science.1090110
    • Zachos JC, Wara MW, Bohaty S, Delaney ML, Petrizzo MR, Brill A, Bralower TJ, Premoli- Silva I. 2003 A transient rise in tropical sea surface temperature during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Science 302, 1551-1554. (doi:10.1126/science.1090110).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 1551-1554
    • Zachos, J.C.1    Wara, M.W.2    Bohaty, S.3    Delaney, M.L.4    Petrizzo, M.R.5    Brill, A.6    Bralower, T.J.7    Premoli-, S.I.8
  • 115
    • 0034052328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diagenesis on the isotopic record of late palaeogene tropical sea surface temperatures
    • doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00088-1
    • Schrag DP. 1999 Effects of diagenesis on the isotopic record of Late Palaeogene tropical sea surface temperatures. Chem. Geol. 161, 215-224. (doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00088-1).
    • (1999) Chem. Geol. , vol.161 , pp. 215-224
    • Schrag, D.P.1
  • 116
    • 0000903677 scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene temperatures
    • doi:10.1086/626295
    • Emiliani C. 1955 Pleistocene temperatures. J. Geol. 63, 538-578. (doi:10.1086/626295).
    • (1955) J. Geol. , vol.63 , pp. 538-578
    • Emiliani, C.1
  • 117
    • 0031436995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of seawater carbonate concentration on foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotopes
    • doi:10.1038/37333
    • Spero HJ, Bijma J, Lea DW, Bemis BE. 1997 Effect of seawater carbonate concentration on foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotopes. Nature 390, 497-500. (doi:10.1038/37333).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 497-500
    • Spero, H.J.1    Bijma, J.2    Lea, D.W.3    Bemis, B.E.4
  • 118
    • 0002587762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing foraminiferal stable isotope geochemistry: Impact of the oceanic carbonate system (experimental results)
    • eds G Fischer, GWefer), Berlin, Germany: Springer
    • Bijma J, Spero HJ, Lea DW. 1999 Reassessing foraminiferal stable isotope geochemistry: impact of the oceanic carbonate system (experimental results). In Use of proxies in paleoceanography: examples from the South Atlantic (eds G Fischer, GWefer), pp. 489-512. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
    • (1999) Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography: Examples from the South Atlantic , pp. 489-512
    • Bijma, J.1    Spero, H.J.2    Lea, D.W.3
  • 119
    • 0035139086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of the kinetics of the boric acid-borate equilibrium in seawater
    • doi:10.1016/S0304- 4203(00)00100-6
    • Zeebe RE, Sanyal A, Ortiz JD, Wolf-Gladrow DA. 2001 A theoretical study of the kinetics of the boric acid-borate equilibrium in seawater. Mar. Chem. 73, 113-124. (doi:10.1016/S0304- 4203(00)00100-6).
    • (2001) Mar. Chem. , vol.73 , pp. 113-124
    • Zeebe, R.E.1    Sanyal, A.2    Ortiz, J.D.3    Wolf-Gladrow, D.A.4
  • 120
    • 60249087525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital effects and beyond:A modelling perspective on developing palaeoceanographical proxy relationships in foraminifera
    • doi:10.1144/SP303.4
    • Zeebe RE, Bijma J, Hönisch B, Sanyal A, Spero HJ, Wolf-Gladrow DA. 2008 Vital effects and beyond:A modelling perspective on developing palaeoceanographical proxy relationships in foraminifera. Geol. Soc. Lond. Special Publ. 303, 45-58. (doi:10.1144/SP303.4).
    • (2008) Geol. Soc. Lond. Special Publ. , vol.303 , pp. 45-58
    • Zeebe, R.E.1    Bijma, J.2    Hönisch, B.3    Sanyal, A.4    Spero, H.J.5    Wolf-Gladrow, D.A.6
  • 121
    • 33751281157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple proxy and model study of cretaceous upper ocean temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations
    • A, (doi:10.1029/2005PA001203
    • Bice KL, Birgel D, Meyers PA, Dahl KA, Hinrichs KU, Norris RD. 2006 A multiple proxy and model study of Cretaceous upper ocean temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Paleoceanography 21, PA2002. (doi:10.1029/2005PA001203).
    • (2006) Paleoceanography , vol.21
    • Bice, K.L.1    Birgel, D.2    Meyers, P.A.3    Dahl, K.A.4    Hinrichs, K.U.5    Norris, R.D.6
  • 122
    • 0037202665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal membrane lipids:A new tool for reconstructing ancient sea water temperatures?
    • doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00979-2
    • Schouten S, Hopmans EC, Schefuß E, Sinninghe Damsté JS. 2002 Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal membrane lipids:A new tool for reconstructing ancient sea water temperatures? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 204, 265-274. (doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00979-2).
    • (2002) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.204 , pp. 265-274
    • Schouten, S.1    Hopmans, E.C.2    Schefuß, E.3    Sinninghe, D.J.S.4
  • 123
    • 38749127943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global sediment core-top calibration of the tex86 paleothermometer in the ocean
    • doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.12.010
    • Kim J-H, Schouten S, Hopmans EC, Donner B, Sinninghe Damsté JS. 2008 Global sediment core-top calibration of the TEX86 paleothermometer in the ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 1154-1173. (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.12.010).
    • (2008) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.72 , pp. 1154-1173
    • Kim, J.-H.1    Schouten, S.2    Hopmans, E.C.3    Donner, B.4    Sinninghe, D.J.S.5
  • 124
    • 34547815619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards calibration of the TEX86 palaeothermometer for tropical sea surface temperatures in ancient greenhouse worlds
    • doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.05.014
    • Schouten S, Forster A, Panoto FE, Sinninghe Damsté JS. 2007 Towards calibration of the TEX86 palaeothermometer for tropical sea surface temperatures in ancient greenhouse worlds. Organ. Geochem. 38, 1537-1546. (doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.05.014).
    • (2007) Organ. Geochem , vol.38 , pp. 1537-1546
    • Schouten, S.1    Forster, A.2    Panoto, F.E.3    Sinninghe, D.J.S.4
  • 125
    • 33846135845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climate sensitivity and its components diagnosed from earth radiation budget data
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3611.1
    • Forster PMF, Gregory JM. 2006 The climate sensitivity and its components diagnosed from Earth radiation budget data. J. Clim. 19, 39-52. (doi:10.1175/JCLI3611.1).
    • (2006) J. Clim. , vol.19 , pp. 39-52
    • Forster, P.M.F.1    Gregory, J.M.2
  • 126
    • 77953570320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous transition to superrotation in warm climates simulated by CAM3
    • doi:10.1029/2010GL043468
    • Caballero R, Huber M. 2010 Spontaneous transition to superrotation in warm climates simulated by CAM3. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L11701. (doi:10.1029/2010GL043468).
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Caballero, R.1    Huber, M.2
  • 127
    • 33845218871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: Implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the bit index
    • doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.07.018
    • Weijers JWH, Schouten S, Spaargaren OC, Sinninghe Damsté JS. 2006 Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the BIT index. Organ. Geochem. 37, 1680-1693. (doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.07.018).
    • (2006) Organ. Geochem , vol.37 , pp. 1680-1693
    • Weijers, J.W.H.1    Schouten, S.2    Spaargaren, O.C.3    Sinninghe, D.J.S.4
  • 128
    • 84881097154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eocene southern high latitude sea surface temperatures: New constraints from clumped isotope paleothermometry
    • Douglas PM, Ivany L, Pagani M, Hollis CJ, Beu AG, Affek HP. 2011 Eocene southern high latitude sea surface temperatures: new constraints from clumped isotope paleothermometry. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 1, 1924.
    • (2011) AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts , vol.1 , pp. 1924
    • Douglas, P.M.1    Ivany, L.2    Pagani, M.3    Hollis, C.J.4    Beu, A.G.5    Affek, H.P.6
  • 129
    • 78049239045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eocene sea temperatures for the mid-latitude southwest pacific from mg/ca ratios in planktonic and benthic foraminifera
    • doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.039
    • Creech JB, Baker JA, Hollis CJ, Morgans HEG, Smith EGC. 2010 Eocene sea temperatures for the mid-latitude southwest Pacific from Mg/Ca ratios in planktonic and benthic foraminifera. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 299, 483-495. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.039).
    • (2010) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.299 , pp. 483-495
    • Creech, J.B.1    Baker, J.A.2    Hollis, C.J.3    Morgans, H.E.G.4    Smith, E.G.C.5
  • 130
    • 21344435540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astronomical pacing of late palaeocene to early eocene global warming events
    • doi:10.1038/nature03814
    • Lourens LJ, Sluijs A, Kroon D, Zachos JC, Thomas E, Röhl U, Bowles J, Raffi I. 2005 Astronomical pacing of Late Palaeocene to Early Eocene global warming events. Nature 435, 1083-1087. (doi:10.1038/nature03814).
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , pp. 1083-1087
    • Lourens, L.J.1    Sluijs, A.2    Kroon, D.3    Zachos, J.C.4    Thomas, E.5    Röhl, U.6    Bowles, J.7    Raffi, I.8
  • 131
    • 34548016895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the duration of magnetochrons C24r and C25n and the timing of early eocene global warming events: Implications from the ocean drilling program leg 208 walvis ridge depth transect
    • doi:10.1029/2006PA001322
    • Westerhold T, Röhl U, Laskar J, Raffi I, Bowles J, Lourens LJ, Zachos JC. 2007 On the duration of magnetochrons C24r and C25n and the timing of Early Eocene global warming events: implications from the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 208 Walvis Ridge depth transect. Paleoceanography 22, PA2201. (doi:10.1029/2006PA001322).
    • (2007) Paleoceanography , vol.22
    • Westerhold, T.1    Röhl, U.2    Laskar, J.3    Raffi, I.4    Bowles, J.5    Lourens, L.J.6    Zachos, J.C.7
  • 132
    • 58149311068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the temperature dependent growth rates of planktic foraminifera
    • doi:10.1016/j. marmicro.2008.09.004
    • Lombard F, Labeyrie L, Michel E, Spero HJ, Lea DW. 2009 Modelling the temperature dependent growth rates of planktic foraminifera. Mar. Micropaleontol. 70, 1-7. (doi:10.1016/j. marmicro.2008.09.004).
    • (2009) Mar. Micropaleontol , vol.70 , pp. 1-7
    • Lombard, F.1    Labeyrie, L.2    Michel, E.3    Spero, H.J.4    Lea, D.W.5
  • 133
    • 0025524289 scopus 로고
    • Temperature and salinity limits for growth and survival of some planktonic foraminifers in laboratory cultures
    • doi:10.2113/gsjfr.20.2.95
    • Bijma J, Faber WW, Hemleben C. 1990 Temperature and salinity limits for growth and survival of some planktonic foraminifers in laboratory cultures. J. Foraminiferal Res. 20, 95-116. (doi:10.2113/gsjfr.20.2.95).
    • (1990) J. Foraminiferal Res. , vol.20 , pp. 95-116
    • Bijma, J.1    Faber, W.W.2    Hemleben, C.3
  • 134
    • 0019847107 scopus 로고
    • Planktonic foraminifera in the western north pacific during the past 150 000 years: Comparison of modern and fossil assemblages
    • doi:10.1016/0031-0182(81)90099-7
    • Thompson PR. 1981 Planktonic foraminifera in the western north Pacific during the past 150 000 years: comparison of modern and fossil assemblages. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 35, 241-279. (doi:10.1016/0031-0182(81) 90099-7).
    • (1981) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.35 , pp. 241-279
    • Thompson, P.R.1
  • 135
    • 0001538849 scopus 로고
    • Calcareous plankton paleobiogeographic evidence for major climatic fluctuations in the early cenozoic atlantic ocean
    • doi:10.1029/JC082i027p03861
    • Haq BU, Premoli-Silva I, Lohmann GP. 1977 Calcareous plankton paleobiogeographic evidence for major climatic fluctuations in the Early Cenozoic Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 3861-3876. (doi:10.1029/ JC082i027p03861).
    • (1977) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 3861-3876
    • Haq, B.U.1    Premoli-Silva, I.2    Lohmann, G.P.3
  • 137
    • 84879887852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High concentrations of greenhouse gases and polar stratospheric clouds:A possible solution to high-latitude faunal migration at the latest palaeocene thermal maximum
    • doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<979: HCOGGA>2.0.CO;2
    • Peters RB, Sloan LC. 2000 High concentrations of greenhouse gases and polar stratospheric clouds:A possible solution to high-latitude faunal migration at the latest Palaeocene thermal maximum. Geology 28, 979-982. (doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<979: HCOGGA>2.0.CO;2).
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 979-982
    • Peters, R.B.1    Sloan, L.C.2
  • 138
    • 65649093701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-CO2 cloud radiative forcing feedback over both land and ocean in a global climate model
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL036703
    • Abbot DS, Huber M, Bousquet G, Walker CC. 2009 High-CO2 cloud radiative forcing feedback over both land and ocean in a global climate model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L05702. (doi:10.1029/2008GL036703).
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Abbot, D.S.1    Huber, M.2    Bousquet, G.3    Walker, C.C.4
  • 139
    • 77649296808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can a convective cloud feedback help to eliminate winter sea ice at high co2 concentrations?
    • doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2854.1
    • Abbot DS, Walker CC, Tziperman E. 2009 Can a convective cloud feedback help to eliminate winter sea ice at high CO2 concentrations? J. Clim. 22, 5719-5731. (doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2854.1).
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 5719-5731
    • Abbot, D.S.1    Walker, C.C.2    Tziperman, E.3
  • 140
    • 0001027133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates ofmeridional atmosphere and ocean heat transports
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3433:EOMAAO>2.0.CO;2
    • Trenberth KE, Caron JM. 2001 Estimates ofmeridional atmosphere and ocean heat transports. J. Clim. 14, 3433-3443. (doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001) 014<3433:EOMAAO>2.0.CO;2).
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 3433-3443
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Caron, J.M.2
  • 141
    • 0026288771 scopus 로고
    • Increased ocean heat transports and warmer climate
    • doi:10.1029/91JD00009
    • Rind D, Chandler M. 1991 Increased ocean heat transports and warmer climate. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 7437-7461. (doi:10.1029/91JD00009).
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 7437-7461
    • Rind, D.1    Chandler, M.2
  • 143
    • 0141857670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coupled climate-ice sheet modeling approach to the early cenozoic history of the antarctic ice sheet
    • doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00393-6
    • DeConto RM, Pollard D. 2003 A coupled climate-ice sheet modeling approach to the Early Cenozoic history of the Antarctic ice sheet. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 198, 39-52. (doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00393-6).
    • (2003) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.198 , pp. 39-52
    • Deconto, R.M.1    Pollard, D.2
  • 144
    • 0037448570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2
    • doi:10.1038/nature01290
    • DeConto RM, Pollard D. 2003 Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2. Nature 421, 245-249. (doi:10.1038/ nature01290).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 245-249
    • Deconto, R.M.1    Pollard, D.2
  • 145
    • 79959931043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Built for stability
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo1200
    • Valdes P. 2011 Built for stability. Nat. Geosci. 4, 414-416. (doi:10.1038/ngeo1200).
    • (2011) Nat. Geosci. , vol.4 , pp. 414-416
    • Valdes, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.