메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 916-922

Interleukin-6 is associated with steroid resistance and reflects disease activity in severe pediatric ulcerative colitis

Author keywords

Disease marker; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Methylprednisolone; Response to treatment

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 5; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

EID: 84884821333     PISSN: 18739946     EISSN: 18764479     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.12.012     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 39649123053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe paediatric ulcerative colitis: incidence, outcomes and optimal timing for second-line therapy
    • Turner D., Walsh C.M., Benchimol E.I., Mann E.H., Thomas K.E., Chow C., et al. Severe paediatric ulcerative colitis: incidence, outcomes and optimal timing for second-line therapy. Gut 2008, 57:331-338.
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 331-338
    • Turner, D.1    Walsh, C.M.2    Benchimol, E.I.3    Mann, E.H.4    Thomas, K.E.5    Chow, C.6
  • 2
    • 0008690916 scopus 로고
    • Cortisone in ulcerative colitis; final report on a therapeutic trial
    • Truelove S.C., Witts L.J. Cortisone in ulcerative colitis; final report on a therapeutic trial. Br Med J 1955, 1041-1048.
    • (1955) Br Med J , pp. 1041-1048
    • Truelove, S.C.1    Witts, L.J.2
  • 3
    • 79953795679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus for managing acute severe ulcerative colitis in children: a systematic review and joint statement from ECCO, ESPGHAN, and the Porto IBD Working Group of ESPGHAN
    • Turner D., Travis S.P., Griffiths A.M., Ruemmele F.M., Levine A., Benchimol E.I., et al. Consensus for managing acute severe ulcerative colitis in children: a systematic review and joint statement from ECCO, ESPGHAN, and the Porto IBD Working Group of ESPGHAN. Am J Gastroenterol 2011, 106:574-588.
    • (2011) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.106 , pp. 574-588
    • Turner, D.1    Travis, S.P.2    Griffiths, A.M.3    Ruemmele, F.M.4    Levine, A.5    Benchimol, E.I.6
  • 4
    • 33846252777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to corticosteroids in severe ulcerative colitis: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-regression
    • Turner D., Walsh C.M., Steinhart A.H., Griffiths A.M. Response to corticosteroids in severe ulcerative colitis: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007, 5:103-110.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 103-110
    • Turner, D.1    Walsh, C.M.2    Steinhart, A.H.3    Griffiths, A.M.4
  • 5
    • 79960278336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal osteoprotegerin may guide the introduction of second-line therapy in hospitalized children with ulcerative colitis
    • Sylvester F.A., Turner D., Draghi A., Uuosoe K., McLernon R., Koproske K., et al. Fecal osteoprotegerin may guide the introduction of second-line therapy in hospitalized children with ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011, 17:1726-1730.
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 1726-1730
    • Sylvester, F.A.1    Turner, D.2    Draghi, A.3    Uuosoe, K.4    McLernon, R.5    Koproske, K.6
  • 6
    • 77958617527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression changes associated with resistance to intravenous corticosteroid therapy in children with severe ulcerative colitis
    • Kabakchiev B., Turner D., Hyams J., Mack D., Leleiko N., Crandall W., et al. Gene expression changes associated with resistance to intravenous corticosteroid therapy in children with severe ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2010, 5.
    • (2010) PLoS One , pp. 5
    • Kabakchiev, B.1    Turner, D.2    Hyams, J.3    Mack, D.4    Leleiko, N.5    Crandall, W.6
  • 7
    • 77149159512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid bioactivity does not predict response to steroid therapy in severe pediatric ulcerative colitis
    • Turner D., Kolho K.L., Mack D.R., Raivio T., Leleiko N., Crandall W., et al. Glucocorticoid bioactivity does not predict response to steroid therapy in severe pediatric ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010, 16:469-473.
    • (2010) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.16 , pp. 469-473
    • Turner, D.1    Kolho, K.L.2    Mack, D.R.3    Raivio, T.4    Leleiko, N.5    Crandall, W.6
  • 8
    • 77956129180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faecal calprotectin, lactoferrin, M2-pyruvate kinase and S100A12 in severe ulcerative colitis: a prospective multicentre comparison of predicting outcomes and monitoring response
    • Turner D., Leach S.T., Mack D., Uusoue K., McLernon R., Hyams J., et al. Faecal calprotectin, lactoferrin, M2-pyruvate kinase and S100A12 in severe ulcerative colitis: a prospective multicentre comparison of predicting outcomes and monitoring response. Gut 2010, 59:1207-1212.
    • (2010) Gut , vol.59 , pp. 1207-1212
    • Turner, D.1    Leach, S.T.2    Mack, D.3    Uusoue, K.4    McLernon, R.5    Hyams, J.6
  • 10
    • 77952692048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe pediatric ulcerative colitis: a prospective multicenter study of outcomes and predictors of response
    • Turner D., Mack D., Leleiko N., Walters T.D., Uusoue K., Leach S.T., et al. Severe pediatric ulcerative colitis: a prospective multicenter study of outcomes and predictors of response. Gastroenterology 2010, 138:2282-2291.
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.138 , pp. 2282-2291
    • Turner, D.1    Mack, D.2    Leleiko, N.3    Walters, T.D.4    Uusoue, K.5    Leach, S.T.6
  • 11
    • 77950349016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Th17 and regulatory T cells in mediating and restraining inflammation
    • Littman D.R., Rudensky A.Y. Th17 and regulatory T cells in mediating and restraining inflammation. Cell 2010, 140:845-858.
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 845-858
    • Littman, D.R.1    Rudensky, A.Y.2
  • 12
    • 0347917308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular and cellular basis of corticosteroid resistance
    • Chikanza I.C., Kozaci D., Chernajovsky Y. The molecular and cellular basis of corticosteroid resistance. J Endocrinol 2003, 179:301-310.
    • (2003) J Endocrinol , vol.179 , pp. 301-310
    • Chikanza, I.C.1    Kozaci, D.2    Chernajovsky, Y.3
  • 14
    • 34548190038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Il-6 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease: pathophysiological role and clinical relevance
    • Mudter J., Neurath M.F. Il-6 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease: pathophysiological role and clinical relevance. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007, 13:1016-1023.
    • (2007) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.13 , pp. 1016-1023
    • Mudter, J.1    Neurath, M.F.2
  • 15
    • 79957673711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6 signaling in autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and inflammation-associated cancer
    • Neurath M.F., Finotto S. IL-6 signaling in autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and inflammation-associated cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011, 22:83-89.
    • (2011) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev , vol.22 , pp. 83-89
    • Neurath, M.F.1    Finotto, S.2
  • 17
    • 78651235878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the need for colectomy in severe ulcerative colitis: a critical appraisal of clinical parameters and currently available biomarkers
    • Travis S., Satsangi J., Lemann M. Predicting the need for colectomy in severe ulcerative colitis: a critical appraisal of clinical parameters and currently available biomarkers. Gut 2011, 60:3-9.
    • (2011) Gut , vol.60 , pp. 3-9
    • Travis, S.1    Satsangi, J.2    Lemann, M.3
  • 18
    • 34547563048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development, validation, and evaluation of a pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index: a prospective multicenter study
    • Turner D., Otley A.R., Mack D., Hyams J., de Bruijne J., Uusoue K., et al. Development, validation, and evaluation of a pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index: a prospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology 2007, 133:423-432.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.133 , pp. 423-432
    • Turner, D.1    Otley, A.R.2    Mack, D.3    Hyams, J.4    de Bruijne, J.5    Uusoue, K.6
  • 19
    • 0029047515 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of disease activity in patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis: comparisons between a new activity index and Truelove and Witts' classification
    • Seo M., Okada M., Yao T., Okabe N., Maeda K., Oh K. Evaluation of disease activity in patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis: comparisons between a new activity index and Truelove and Witts' classification. Am J Gastroenterol 1995, 90:1759-1763.
    • (1995) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.90 , pp. 1759-1763
    • Seo, M.1    Okada, M.2    Yao, T.3    Okabe, N.4    Maeda, K.5    Oh, K.6
  • 20
    • 0031725833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early predictors of glucocorticosteroid treatment failure in severe and moderately severe attacks of ulcerative colitis
    • Lindgren S.C., Flood L.M., Kilander A.F., Lofberg R., Persson T.B., Sjodahl R.I. Early predictors of glucocorticosteroid treatment failure in severe and moderately severe attacks of ulcerative colitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998, 10:831-835.
    • (1998) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.10 , pp. 831-835
    • Lindgren, S.C.1    Flood, L.M.2    Kilander, A.F.3    Lofberg, R.4    Persson, T.B.5    Sjodahl, R.I.6
  • 21
    • 84858700602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction and maintenance therapy with infliximab for children with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis
    • Hyams J., Damaraju L., Blank M., Johanns J., Guzzo C., Winter H.S., et al. Induction and maintenance therapy with infliximab for children with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012, 10:391-9.
    • (2012) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.10 , pp. 391-9
    • Hyams, J.1    Damaraju, L.2    Blank, M.3    Johanns, J.4    Guzzo, C.5    Winter, H.S.6
  • 22
    • 0032993527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal proinflammatory cytokine production correlates with endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis
    • Ishiguro Y. Mucosal proinflammatory cytokine production correlates with endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol 1999, 34:66-74.
    • (1999) J Gastroenterol , vol.34 , pp. 66-74
    • Ishiguro, Y.1
  • 23
    • 17844396691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurement of cytokine mRNA in inflammatory bowel disease: relation to clinical and endoscopic activity and outcome
    • Raddatz D., Bockemuhl M., Ramadori G. Quantitative measurement of cytokine mRNA in inflammatory bowel disease: relation to clinical and endoscopic activity and outcome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005, 17:547-557.
    • (2005) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.17 , pp. 547-557
    • Raddatz, D.1    Bockemuhl, M.2    Ramadori, G.3
  • 25
    • 79960441846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of C-reactive protein in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease
    • Tsampalieros A., Griffiths A.M., Barrowman N., Mack D.R. Use of C-reactive protein in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr 2011, 159:340-342.
    • (2011) J Pediatr , vol.159 , pp. 340-342
    • Tsampalieros, A.1    Griffiths, A.M.2    Barrowman, N.3    Mack, D.R.4
  • 26
    • 42249100469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of budesonide and formoterol on IL-6 and IL-8 release from primary bronchial epithelial cells
    • Strandberg K., Palmberg L., Larsson K. Effect of budesonide and formoterol on IL-6 and IL-8 release from primary bronchial epithelial cells. J Asthma 2008, 45:201-203.
    • (2008) J Asthma , vol.45 , pp. 201-203
    • Strandberg, K.1    Palmberg, L.2    Larsson, K.3
  • 28
    • 57149091742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does cytokine gene polymorphism affect steroid responses in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome?
    • Tripathi G., Jafar T., Mandal K., Mahdi A.A., Awasthi S., Sharma R.K., et al. Does cytokine gene polymorphism affect steroid responses in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome?. Indian J Med Sci 2008, 62:383-391.
    • (2008) Indian J Med Sci , vol.62 , pp. 383-391
    • Tripathi, G.1    Jafar, T.2    Mandal, K.3    Mahdi, A.A.4    Awasthi, S.5    Sharma, R.K.6
  • 29
    • 40749152243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase III trial
    • Yokota S., Imagawa T., Mori M., Miyamae T., Aihara Y., Takei S., et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase III trial. Lancet 2008, 371:998-1006.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 998-1006
    • Yokota, S.1    Imagawa, T.2    Mori, M.3    Miyamae, T.4    Aihara, Y.5    Takei, S.6
  • 30
    • 33749239852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids cause rapid dissociation of a T-cell-receptor-associated protein complex containing LCK and FYN
    • Lowenberg M., Verhaar A.P., Bilderbeek J., Marle J., Buttgereit F., Peppelenbosch M.P., et al. Glucocorticoids cause rapid dissociation of a T-cell-receptor-associated protein complex containing LCK and FYN. EMBO Rep 2006, 7:1023-1029.
    • (2006) EMBO Rep , vol.7 , pp. 1023-1029
    • Lowenberg, M.1    Verhaar, A.P.2    Bilderbeek, J.3    Marle, J.4    Buttgereit, F.5    Peppelenbosch, M.P.6
  • 31
    • 70450246916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Lck modulates the pattern of T cell receptor-induced calcium signals by down-regulating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors
    • Harr M.W., Rong Y., Bootman M.D., Roderick H.L., Distelhorst C.W. Glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Lck modulates the pattern of T cell receptor-induced calcium signals by down-regulating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. J Biol Chem 2009, 284:31860-31871.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 31860-31871
    • Harr, M.W.1    Rong, Y.2    Bootman, M.D.3    Roderick, H.L.4    Distelhorst, C.W.5
  • 32
    • 34547442420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of IL-6-dependent growth of myeloma cells by an acidic peptide repressing the gp130-mediated activation of Src family kinases
    • Hausherr A., Tavares R., Schaffer M., Obermeier A., Miksch C., Mitina O., et al. Inhibition of IL-6-dependent growth of myeloma cells by an acidic peptide repressing the gp130-mediated activation of Src family kinases. Oncogene 2007, 26:4987-4998.
    • (2007) Oncogene , vol.26 , pp. 4987-4998
    • Hausherr, A.1    Tavares, R.2    Schaffer, M.3    Obermeier, A.4    Miksch, C.5    Mitina, O.6
  • 33
    • 82755187669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hck tyrosine kinase regulates TLR4-induced TNF and IL-6 production via AP-1
    • Smolinska M.J., Page T.H., Urbaniak A.M., Mutch B.E., Horwood N.J. Hck tyrosine kinase regulates TLR4-induced TNF and IL-6 production via AP-1. J Immunol 2011, 187:6043-6051.
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.187 , pp. 6043-6051
    • Smolinska, M.J.1    Page, T.H.2    Urbaniak, A.M.3    Mutch, B.E.4    Horwood, N.J.5
  • 34
    • 0036231010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation reduces its activity: role in steroid-insensitive asthma
    • Irusen E., Matthews J.G., Takahashi A., Barnes P.J., Chung K.F., Adcock I.M. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation reduces its activity: role in steroid-insensitive asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002, 109:649-657.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 649-657
    • Irusen, E.1    Matthews, J.G.2    Takahashi, A.3    Barnes, P.J.4    Chung, K.F.5    Adcock, I.M.6
  • 35
    • 0035810930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proinflammatory cytokines regulate human glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and lead to the accumulation of the dominant negative beta isoform: a mechanism for the generation of glucocorticoid resistance
    • Webster J.C., Oakley R.H., Jewell C.M., Cidlowski J.A. Proinflammatory cytokines regulate human glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and lead to the accumulation of the dominant negative beta isoform: a mechanism for the generation of glucocorticoid resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:6865-6870.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.98 , pp. 6865-6870
    • Webster, J.C.1    Oakley, R.H.2    Jewell, C.M.3    Cidlowski, J.A.4
  • 36
    • 0033309752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84:2834-2839.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 2834-2839
    • Franchimont, D.1    Martens, H.2    Hagelstein, M.T.3    Louis, E.4    Dewe, W.5    Chrousos, G.P.6
  • 37
    • 0036173939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A defect in corticosteroid-induced IL-10 production in T lymphocytes from corticosteroid-resistant asthmatic patients
    • Hawrylowicz C., Richards D., Loke T.K., Corrigan C., Lee T. A defect in corticosteroid-induced IL-10 production in T lymphocytes from corticosteroid-resistant asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002, 109:369-370.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 369-370
    • Hawrylowicz, C.1    Richards, D.2    Loke, T.K.3    Corrigan, C.4    Lee, T.5
  • 38
    • 56549104968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL23 differentially regulates the Th1/Th17 balance in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
    • Kobayashi T., Okamoto S., Hisamatsu T., Kamada N., Chinen H., Saito R., et al. IL23 differentially regulates the Th1/Th17 balance in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut 2008, 57:1682-1689.
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 1682-1689
    • Kobayashi, T.1    Okamoto, S.2    Hisamatsu, T.3    Kamada, N.4    Chinen, H.5    Saito, R.6
  • 39
    • 40549102753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crucial role of the interleukin-6/interleukin-17 cytokine axis in the induction of arthritis by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
    • Iwanami K., Matsumoto I., Tanaka-Watanabe Y., Inoue A., Mihara M., Ohsugi Y., et al. Crucial role of the interleukin-6/interleukin-17 cytokine axis in the induction of arthritis by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. Arthritis Rheum 2008, 58:754-763.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.58 , pp. 754-763
    • Iwanami, K.1    Matsumoto, I.2    Tanaka-Watanabe, Y.3    Inoue, A.4    Mihara, M.5    Ohsugi, Y.6
  • 40
    • 1642576088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional cooperation between interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha is mediated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family members
    • Ruddy M.J., Wong G.C., Liu X.K., Yamamoto H., Kasayama S., Kirkwood K.L., et al. Functional cooperation between interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha is mediated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family members. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:2559-2567.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 2559-2567
    • Ruddy, M.J.1    Wong, G.C.2    Liu, X.K.3    Yamamoto, H.4    Kasayama, S.5    Kirkwood, K.L.6
  • 41
    • 21844443152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-17 induces hyperresponsive interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 production to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in structural lung cells
    • van den Berg A., Kuiper M., Snoek M., Timens W., Postma D.S., Jansen H.M., et al. Interleukin-17 induces hyperresponsive interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 production to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in structural lung cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005, 33:97-104.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.33 , pp. 97-104
    • van den Berg, A.1    Kuiper, M.2    Snoek, M.3    Timens, W.4    Postma, D.S.5    Jansen, H.M.6
  • 42
    • 79955712974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric modification of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel disease: the Paris classification
    • Levine A., Griffiths A., Markowitz J., Wilson D.C., Turner D., Russell R.K., et al. Pediatric modification of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel disease: the Paris classification. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011, 17:1314-1321.
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 1314-1321
    • Levine, A.1    Griffiths, A.2    Markowitz, J.3    Wilson, D.C.4    Turner, D.5    Russell, R.K.6
  • 43
    • 34547563048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI): A prospective multicenter study
    • Turner D., Otley A.R., Mack D., de Bruijne J., Uusoue K., Walter T., et al. Development and evaluation of a Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI): A prospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology 2007, 133:423-432.
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.133 , pp. 423-432
    • Turner, D.1    Otley, A.R.2    Mack, D.3    de Bruijne, J.4    Uusoue, K.5    Walter, T.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.