"Should I Send a Condolence Card?" Promoting Emotional Safety in Qualitative Health Research Through Reflexivity and Ethical Mindfulness

Qualitative Inquiry

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 652-663

  Bowtell, Evelyn C ^a,b,c   Sawyer, Susan M ^a,b,c   Aroni, Rosalie A ^d   Green, Julie B ^b,c,e   Duncan, Rony E ^a,b,c  

^a ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c MURDOCH CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^d MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^e PARENTING RESEARCH CENTRE   (Australia)

Author keywords

communication; emotions; ethics; ethics committees; methodology; parents; qualitative research; safety

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884626542     PISSN: 10778004     EISSN: 15527565     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1077800413500927     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Batchelor J. A.,Briggs C. M.Subject, project or self? Thoughts on ethical dilemmas for social and medical researchers.Social Science & Medicine. 1994;39:949-954.
2. Beale B.,Cole R.,Hillenge S.,McMaster R.,Nagy S.Impact of in-depth interviews on the interviewer: Roller coaster ride.Nursing & Health Sciences. 2004;6:141-147.
3. Berg J. A.Gaining access to underresearched populations in women's health research.Health Care for Women International. 1998;20:237-248.
4. Birks M.,Chapman Y.,Francis K.Memoing in qualitative research: Probing data and processes.Journal of Research in Nursing. 2008;13:68-75.
5. Boman J.,Jevne R.Ethical evaluation in qualitative research.Qualitative Health Research. 2000;10:547-554.
6. Bryman A.Social research methods. 2004). Social research methods (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2004:.
7. Chaitin J."I wish he hadn't told me that." Methodological and ethical issues in social trauma and conflict research.Qualitative Health Research. 2003;13:1145-1154.
8. Daly J.,Willis K.,Small R.,Green J.,Welch N.,Kealy M.,Hughes E.A hierarchy of evidence for assessing qualitative health research.Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2007;60:43-49.
9. Denzin N. K.,Lincoln Y. S.Handbook of qualitative research. 1994). Handbook of qualitative research (1st ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; 1994:.
10. Dickson-Swift V.,James E. L.,Kippen S.Do university ethics committees adequately protect public health researchers?.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2005;29:576-579.
11. Dickson-Swift V.,James E. L.,Kippen S.,Liamputtong P.Blurring boundaries in qualitative health research on sensitive topics.Qualitative Health Research. 2006;16:853-871.
12. Dickson-Swift V.,James E. L.,Kippen S.,Liamputtong P.Doing sensitive research: What challenges do qualitative researchers face?.Qualitative Research. 2007;7:327-353.
13. Dickson-Swift V.,James E. L.,Kippen S.,Liamputtong P.Risk to researchers in qualitative research on sensitive topics: Issues and strategies.Qualitative Health Research. 2008;18:133-144.
14. Dickson-Swift V.,James E. L.,Kippen S.,Liamputtong P.Researching sensitive topics: Qualitative research as emotion work.Qualitative Research. 2009;9:61-79.
15. Duncan R. E.,Drew S. E.,Hodgson J.,Sawyer S. M.Is my mum going to hear this? Methodological and ethical challenges in qualitative health research with young people.Social Science & Medicine. 2009;69:1691-1699.
16. Ensign J.Ethical issues in qualitative health research with homeless youth: Theoretical and ethical issues.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2003;43:43-50.
17. Fazzone P. A.,Barloon L. F.,McConnell S. J.,Chitty J. A.Personal safety, violence, and home health.Public Health Nursing. 2000;17:43-52.
18. Finlay L."Reflexive embodied empathy": A phenomenology of participant-researcher intersubjectivity.Humanistic Psychologist. 2005;33:271-292.
19. Friberg F.,Öhlén J.Reflective exploration of Beekman's participant experience.Qualitative Health Research. 2010;20:273-280.
20. Gaglio B.,Nelson C. C.,King D.The role of rapport: Lessons learned from conducting research in a primary care setting.Qualitative Health Research. 2006;16:723-734.
21. Geller G.,Boyce A.,Ford D. E.,Sugarman S.Beyond "compliance": The role of institutional culture in promoting research integrity.Academic Medicine. 2010;85:1296-1301.
22. Green J. G.,Duncan R. E.,Barnes G. L.,Oberklaid F.Putting the "informed" into "consent": A matter of plain language.Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2003;39:700-703.
23. Greenbank P.The role of values in educational research: The case for reflexivity.British Educational Research Journal. 2003;29:791-801.
24. Guillemin M.,Gillam L.Ethics, reflexivity, and "ethically important moments" in research.Qualitative Inquiry. 2004;10:261-280.
25. Guillemin M.,Gillam L.Telling moments: Everyday ethics in health care. Victoria, Australia: IP Communications; 2006:.
26. Guillemin M.,Heggen K.Rapport and respect: Negotiating ethical relations between researcher and participant.Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. 2009;12:291-299.
27. Handron D. S.Research basics: Getting past gatekeepers.Decubitus. 1992;5 (5): 52-54.
28. Harris A.,Guillemin M.Developing sensory awareness in qualitative interviewing: A portal into the otherwise unexplored.Qualitative Health Research. 2012;22:689-699.
29. Hassed C.Know thyself: The stress release programme. Victoria, Australia: Anderson; 2002:.
30. Houghton C. E.,Casey D.,Shaw D.,Murphy K.Ethical challenges in qualitative research: Examples from practice.Nurse Researcher. 2010;18:15-25.
31. Komesaroff P.It is time to move beyond a culture of unexamined assumptions, recrimination, and blame to one of systematic analysis and ethical dialogue.American Journal of Bioethics. 2011;11:31-33.
32. Löfmark A.,Morberg A.,Öhlund L.,Ilicki J.Supervising mentors' lived experience on supervision in teaching, nursing and social care education. A participation-oriented phenomenological study.High Education. 2009;57:107-123.
33. Macbeth D.On "reflexivity" in qualitative research: Two findings, and a third.Qualitative Inquiry. 2001;7:35-68.
34. MacDonald K.,Greggans A.Dealing with chaos and complexity: The reality of interviewing children and families in their own homes.Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2008;17:3123-3130.
35. Maginn P. J.Negotiating and securing access: Reflections from a study into urban regeneration and community participation in ethnically diverse neighborhoods in London, England.Field Methods. 2007;19:425-440.
36. Maier S. L.,Monahan B. A.How close is too close? Balancing closeness and detachment in qualitative research.Deviant Behavior. 2010;31:1-32.
37. Malacrida C.Reflexive journaling on emotional research topics: Ethical issues for team researchers.Qualitative Health Research. 2007;17:1329-1339.
38. Malterud K.Qualitative research: Standards, challenges and guidelines.Lancet. 2001;358:483-488.
39. MarshallH. (1999, July). Rigour or rigidity? The role of CAQDAS in qualitative research. Paper presented at the Association for Qualitative Research Conference, Melbourne, Australia. https://aqr.org.au/wp-content/uploads/conference1999/HMarshal.htm.
40. McKinnon J.Reliability and validity in field research: Some strategies and tactics.Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. 1988;1:34-54.
41. Meadows L. M.,Lagendyk L. E.,Thurston W. E.,Eisner A. C.Balancing culture, ethics, and methods in qualitative health research with aboriginal peoples.International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 2003;2:1-25.
42. Miller T.,Boulton M.Changing constructions of informed consent: Qualitative research and complex social worlds.Social Science & Medicine. 2007;65:2199-2211.
43. Minichiello V.,Aroni R.,Hays T.In-depth interviewing. 2008). In-depth interviewing (3rd ed.). Sydney, New South Wales: Pearson Education Australia.Sydney, New South Wales: Pearson Education Australia; 2008:.
44. Mitchell W.,Irvine A.I'm okay, You're okay? Reflections on the well-being and ethical requirements of researchers and research participants in conducting qualitative fieldwork interviews.International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 2008;7:31-44.
45. National statement on ethical conduct in human research. Canberra: Australian Government; 2007:.
46. Norfolk T.,Birdi K.,Walsh D.The role of empathy in establishing rapport in the consultation: A new model.Medical Education. 2007;41:690-697.
47. Paterson B. L.,Gregory D.,Thorne S.A protocol for researcher safety.Qualitative Health Research. 1999;9:259-269.
48. Pruitt R. H.,Privette A. B.Planning strategies for the avoidance of pitfalls in intervention research.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2001;35:514-520.
49. Redinbaugh E. M.,Sullivan A. m.,Block S. D.,Gadmer N. M.,Lakoma M.,Mithcell A. M., Arnold R. M.Doctors' emotional reactions to recent death of a patient: Cross sectional study of hospital doctors.British Medical Journal. 2003;327:185-189.
50. Ridge D.,Hee A.,Aroni R.Being "real" in suicide prevention evaluation: The role of the ethnographer's emotions under traumatic conditions.Australian Journal of Primary Health. 1999;5:21-31.
51. Rossman G. B.,Rallis S. F.Everyday ethics: Reflections on practice.International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 2010;23:379-391.
52. Sampson H.,Bloor M.,Fincham B.A price worth paying? Considering the "cost" of reflexive research methods and the influence of feminist ways of "doing.".Sociology. 2008;42:919-933.
53. Sandelowski M.,Barroso J.Finding the findings in qualitative studies.Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2002;34:213-219.
54. Sharma S.,Reimer-Kirkham S.,Cochrane M.Practicing the awareness of embodiment in qualitative health research: Methodological reflections.Qualitative Health Research. 2009;19:1642-1650.
55. Sixsmith J.,Boneham M.,Goldring J. E.Accessing the community: Gaining insider perspectives from the outside.Qualitative Health Research. 2003;13:578-589.
56. Speziale H. J. S.,Carpenter D. R.Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. 2007). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:.
57. Trussell D. E.Gazing from the inside out during ethically heightened moments.Leisure Studies. 2010;29:377-395.
58. Walker S.,Read S.Accessing vulnerable research populations: An experience with gatekeepers of ethical approval.International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2011;17:14-18.
59. Wallace A.The attention revolution: Unlocking the power of the focused mind. Boston, MA: Wisdom; 2006:.
60. Warin J.Ethical mindfulness and reflexivity: Managing a research relationship with children and young people in a 14-year Qualitative Longitudinal Research (QLR) Study.Qualitative Inquiry. 2011;17:805-814.
61. Wray N.,Markovic M.,Manderson L."Researcher saturation": The impact of data triangulation and intensive-research practices on researcher and qualitative research process.Qualitative Health Research. 2007;17:1392-1402.