Phase partitioning of soluble trace gases with size-resolved aerosols in near-surface continental air over northern Colorado, USA, during winter

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 118, Issue 16, 2013, Pages 9414-9427

  Young, Andrew H ^a   Keene, William C ^b   Pszenny, Alexander A P ^a   Sander, Rolf ^c   Thornton, Joel A ^d   Riedel, Theran P ^d   Maben, John R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GASES;

ABSOLUTE VALUES; AEROSOL COMPOSITION; HENRY'S LAW CONSTANT; IONIC COMPOSITION; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION; NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION; PHASE PARTITIONING; THERMODYNAMIC EVALUATION;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;

ACID; AEROSOL; CHLORINE; LIMITING FACTOR; MIXING RATIO; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; PH; SOLUBILIZATION; THERMODYNAMICS; TRACE GAS;

COLORADO; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84884130184     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21698996     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50655     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Alexander, B., M. G. Hastings, D. J. Allman, J. Dachs, J. A. Thornton, and S. A. Kunasek (2009), Quantifying atmospheric nitrate formation pathways based on a global model of the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of atmospheric nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5043-5046.
2. Alicke, B., K. Hebestreit, J. Stutz, and U. Platt (1999), Iodine oxide in the marine boundary layer, Nature, 397, 572-573.
3. Bandura, A. V., and S. N. Lvov (2006), The ionization constant of water over wide ranges of temperature and density, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 35, 15-30.
4. Behnke, W., C. George, V. Scheer, and C. Zetzsch (1997), Production and decay of ClNO2 from the reaction of gaseous N2O5 with NaCl solution: Bulk and aerosol experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3795-3804.
5. Bertram, T. H., and J. A. Thornton (2009), Toward a general parameterization of N2O5 reactivity on aqueous particles: The competing effects of particle liquid water, nitrate and chloride, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 15,181-15,214.
6. Bohonak, A. J., and K. van der Linde (2004), RMA: Software for reduced major axis regression for Java, online: http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/pub/andy/rma. html
7. Bouwman, A. F., D. S. Lee, A. H. Asman, F. J. Dentener, K.W. Van Der Hoek, and J. G. J. Oliver (1997), A global high resolution emission inventory for ammonia, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 11, 561-587.
8. Brown, S., et al. (2013), Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition and Halogens on a Tall Tower: An overview of wintertime air chemistry measurements in Colorado's Front Range urban corridor, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., doi:10.1002/jgrd.50537, in press.
9. Buck, B. J., K. Wolff, D. J. Merkler, and N. J. McMillan (2006), Salt mineralogy of Las Vegas Wash, Nevada: Morphology and subsurface evaporation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 70, 1639-1651.
10. Chameides, W. L. (1984), The photochemistry of a remote stratiform cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4739-4755.
11. Clegg, S. L., and P. Brimblecombe (1989), Solubility of ammonia in pure aqueous and multicomponent solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 93, 7237-7238.
12. Clegg, S. L., and P. Brimblecombe (1990), Solubility of volatile electrolytes in multicomponent solutions with atmospheric applications, in Chemical Modeling of Aqueous Systems II, edited by D. C. Melchior and R. L. Brosset, pp. 58-73, Am. Chem. Soc, Washington, D. C.
13. Clegg, S. L., P. Brimblecombe, and A. S. Wexler (1998), Thermodynamic model of the system H+-NH4 +-SO4 2- -NO3- -H2O at tropospheric temperatures, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 2137-2154.
14. Currey, D. R. (1990), Quaternary palaeolakes in the evolution of semidesert basins, with special emphasis on Lake Bonneville and the Great Basin, U.S.A, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 76(3-4), 189-214.
15. Draxler, R. R., and G. D. Rolph (2012), HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model access via NOAA ARL READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php). NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD.
16. Engelhart, G. J., L. Hildebrandt, E. Kostenidou, N. Mihalopoulos, N. M. Donahue, and S. N. Pandis (2011), Water content of aged aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 911-920.
17. Erickson, D. J., C. Seuzaret, W. C. Keene, and S. L. Gong (1999), A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and ClNO2 production from sea salt dechlorination: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8347-8372.
18. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., M. J. Ezell, and J. N. Pitts (1989), Formation of chemically active chlorine compounds by reactions of atmospheric NaCl particles with gaseous N2O5 and ClONO2, Nature, 337, 241-244.
19. Finley, B. D., and E. S. Saltzman (2006), Measurement of Cl2 in coastal urban air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11809, doi:10.1029/2006GL025799.
20. Fischer, E., A. Pszenny, W. Keene, J. Maben, A. Smith, A. Stohl, and R. Talbot (2006), Nitric acid phase partitioning and cycling in the New England coastal atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S09, doi:10.1029/2006JD007328.
21. Foster, K. L., R. A. Plastridge, J. W. Bottenheim, P. B. Shepson, B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, and C. W. Spicer (2001), The role of Br2 and BrCl in surface ozone destruction at polar sunrise, Science, 291, 471-474.
22. Friese, E., and A. Ebel (2010), Temperature dependent thermodynamic model of the system H+-NH4 +-Na+-SO4 2- -NO3- -Cl- -H2O, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 11,595-11,631.
23. Gilliland, A. B., R. L. Dennis, S. J. Roselle, and T. E. Pierce (2003), Seasonal NH3 emission estimates for the eastern United States based on ammonium wet concentrations and an inverse modeling method, J. Geophys. Res., 108(15), 4477, doi:10.1029/2002JD003063.
24. Graedel, T. E., and W. C. Keene (1995), The tropospheric budget of reactive chlorine, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 9, 47-78.
25. Güven, N., and P. F. Kerr (1966), Weathering effects on the structures of mica-type clay minerals, Am. Mineral., 51, 858-874.
26. Gwynn, R. C., R. T. Burnett, and G. D. Thurston (2000), A time-series analysis of acidic particulate matter and daily mortality and morbidity in the Buffalo, New York, region, Environ. Health Perspect., 108, 125-133.
27. Haase, K. B., W. C. Keene, A. A. P. Pszenny, H. R. Mayne, R. W. Talbot, and B. C. Sive (2012), Calibration and intercomparison of acetic acid measurements using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2739-2750.
28. Huey, G. L., E. J. Dunlea, E. R. Lovejoy, D. R. Hanson, R. B. Norton, F. C. Fehsenfeld, and C. J. Howard (1998), Fast time response measurements of HNO3 in air with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 3355-3360.
29. Keene, W. C., and A. A. P. Pszenny (2004), Comment on "Reactions at interfaces as a source of sulfate formation in sea-salt particles," by A. Laskin, D. J. Gaspar, W. Wang, S. W. Hunt, J. P. Cowin, S. D. Colson, and B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, Science, 303, 628.
30. Keene, W. C., and D. L. Savoie (1998), The pH of deliquesced sea-salt aerosol in polluted marine air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2,181-2,184.
31. Correction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1315-1316, 1999.
32. Keene, W. C., A. A. P. Pszenny, J. N. Galloway, and M. E. Hawley (1986), Sea-salt corrections and interpretation of constituent ratios in marine precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6647-6658.
33. Keene, W. C., et al. (1989), An intercomparison of measurement systems for vapor- and particulate-phase concentrations of formic and acetic acids, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6457-6471.
34. Keene, W. C., J. R. Maben, A. A. P. Pszenny, and J. N. Galloway (1993), Measurement technique for inorganic chlorine gases in the marine boundary layer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 866-874.
35. Keene, W. C., R. Sander, A. A. P. Pszenny, R. Vogt, P. J. Crutzen, and J. N. Galloway (1998), Aerosol pH in the marine boundary layer: A review and model evaluation, J. Aerosol Sci., 29, 339-356.
36. Keene, W. C., et al. (1999), Composite global emissions of reactive chlorine from natural and anthropogenic sources: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8429-8440.
37. Keene, W. C., A. A. P. Pszenny, J. R. Maben, and R. Sander (2002), Variation of marine aerosol acidity with particle size, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(7), 1101, doi:10.1029/2001GL013881.
38. Keene, W. C., A. A. P. Pszenny, J. R. Maben, E. Stevenson, and A. Wall (2004), Closure evaluation of size-resolved aerosol pH in the New England coastal atmosphere during summer, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23307, doi:10.1029/2004JD004801.
39. Keene, W. C., J. Stutz, A. A. P. Pszenny, J. R. Maben, E. Fischer, A. M. Smith, R. von Glasow, S. Pechtl, B. C. Sive, and R. K. Varner (2007), Inorganic chlorine and bromine in coastal New England air during summer, J. Geophys. Res., 112, d10S12, doi:10.1029/2006JD007689.
40. Keene, W. C., M. S. Long, A. A. P. Pszenny, R. Sander, J. R. Maben, A. J. Wall, T. L. O'Halloran, A. Kerkewg, E. V. Fischer, and O. Schrems (2009), Latitudinal variation in the multiphase chemical processing of inorganic halogens and related species over the eastern North and South Atlantic Oceans, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7361-7385.
41. Kolb, C. E. R. A., et al. (2010), An overview of current issues in the uptake of atmospheric trace gases by aerosols and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10,561-10,605.
42. Langford, A. O., F. C. Fehsenfeld, J. Zachariassen, and D. S. Schimel (1992), Gaseous ammonia fluxes and background concentrations in terrestrial ecosystems of the United States, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 6, 459-483.
43. Laskin, A., D. J. Gaspar, W. Wang, S. W. Hunt, J. P. Cowin, S. D. Colson, and B. J. Finlayson-Pitts (2003), Reactions at interfaces as a source of sulfate formation in sea-salt particles, Science, 301, 340-344.
44. Lawler, M. J., B. D. Finley, W. C. Keene, A. A. P. Pszenny, K. A. Read, R. von Glasow, and E. S. Saltzman (2009), Pollution-enhanced reactive chlorine chemistry in the eastern tropical Atlantic boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08810, doi:10.1029/2008GL036666.
45. Lawler, M. J., R. Sander, L. J. Carpenter, J. D. Lee, R. von Glasow, R. Sommariva, and E. S. Saltzman (2011), HOCl and Cl2 observations in marine air, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7617-7628.
46. Lefer, B. L., R. W. Talbot, and J. W. Munger (1999), Nitric acid and ammonia at a rural northeastern U.S. site, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1,645-1,661.
47. Liu, B. Y. H., D. Y. H. Pui, X. Q. Wang, and C. W. Lewis (1983), Sampling of carbon fiber aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 2, 499-511.
48. Ludwig, J., and O. Klemm (1990), Acidity of size-fractionated aerosol particles, Water Air Soil Pollut., 49, 35-50.
49. Maben, J. R., W. C. Keene, A. A. P. Pszenny, and J. N. Galloway (1995), Volatile inorganic chlorine in surface air over eastern North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3513-3516.
50. Marple, V. A., K. L. Rubow, and S. M. Behm (1991), A microorifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI): Description, calibration, and use, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 14, 434-446.
51. Marsh, A. R. W., and W. J. McElroy (1985), The dissociation constant and Henry's law constant of HCl in aqueous solution, Atmos. Environ., 19, 1075-1080.
52. Matveev, V., M. Peleg, D. Rosen, D. S. Tov-Alper, K. Hebestreit, J. Stutz, U. Platt, D. Blake, and M. Luria (2001), Bromine oxide - Ozone interactions over the Dead Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10,375-10,387.
53. Meng, Z., and J. H. Seinfeld (1996), Time scales to achieve atmospheric gasaerosol equilibrium for volatile species, Atmos. Environ., 30, 2889-2900.
54. Mielke, L. H., A. Furgeson, and H. D. Osthoff (2011), Observation of ClNO2 in a mid-continental urban environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 8,889-8,896, doi:10.1021/es201955u.
55. Molina, M. J., and F. S. Rowland (1974), Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine atom-catalyzed destruction of ozone, Nature, 249, 810-812.
56. Munger, J. W., D. J. Jacob, B. C. Daube, L. W. Horowitz, W. C. Keene, and B. G. Heikes (1995), Formaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal in air and cloud water at a rural mountain site in central Virginia, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9325-9333.
57. Osthoff, H. D., et al. (2008), High levels of nitryl chloride in the polluted subtropical marine boundary layer, Nat. Geosci., 1, 324-328, doi:10.1038/ngeo177.
58. Pechtl, S., and R. von Glasow (2007), Reactive chlorine in the marine boundary layer in the outflow of polluted continental air: A model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L11813, doi:10.1029/2007GL029761.
59. Phillips, G. J., M. Tang, J. Thieser, B. Brickwedde, G. Schuster, B. Bohn, J. Lelieveld, and J. N. Crowley (2012), Significant concentrations of nitryl chloride observed in rural continental Europe associated with the influence of sea salt chloride and anthropogenic emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10811, doi:10.1029/2012GL051912.
60. Phillips, G. J., U. Makkonen, G. Schuster, N. Sobanski, H. Hakola, and J. N. Crowley (2013), The detection of nocturnal N2O5 as HNO3 by alkaliand aqueous-denuder techniques, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 231-237.
61. Platt, U., W. Allan, and D. C. Lowe (2004), Hemispheric average Cl concentrations from 13C/12C ratios in atmosphericmethane, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1-7.
62. Pratt, K. A., et al. (2010), Observation of playa salts as nuclei in orographic wave clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D15301, doi:10.1029/2009JD013606.
63. Pszenny, A. A. P., J. Moldanova, W. C. Keene, R. Sander, J. R. Maben, M. Martinez, P. J. Crutzen, D. Perner, and R. G. Prinn (2004), Halogen cycling and aerosol pH in the Hawaiian marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 147-168.
64. Pszenny, A. A. P., E. V. Fischer, R. S. Russo, B. C. Sive, and R. K. Varner (2007), Estimates of Cl atom concentrations and hydrocarbon kinetic reactivity in surface air at Appledore Island, Maine (USA), during International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation/Chemistry of Halogens at the Isles of Shoals, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S13, doi:10.1029/2006JD007725.
65. Read, K. A., et al. (2008), Extensive halogen-mediated ozone destruction over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 453, 1232-1235.
66. Reynolds, R. L., J. C. Yount, M. C. Reheis, H. Goldstein, P. Chavez Jr., R. Fulton, J. Whitney, C. Fuller, and R. M. Forester (2007), Dust emission from wet and dry playas in the Mojave Desert, USA, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 32, 1,811-1,827, doi:10.1002/esp.1515.
67. Riedel, T. P., et al. (2012),Nitryl chloride andmolecular chloride in the coastal marine boundary layer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 10,463-10,470, doi:10.1021/es204632r.
68. Roberts, J. M., H. D. Osthoff, S. S. Brown, A. R. Ravishankara, D. Coffman, P. Quinn, and T. Bates (2009), Laboratory studies of products of N2O5 uptake on Cl- containing substrates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L20808, doi:10.1029/2009GL040448.
69. Russell, K.M., W. C. Keene, J. R. Maben, J. N. Galloway, and J. L. Moody (2003), Phase-partitioning and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at the mid-Atlantic U.S. coast, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 4656, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD003736.
70. Sander, R., et al. (2003), Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: A critical review, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 3, 1301-1336.
71. Sander, R., P. J. Crutzen, and R. von Glasow (2004), Comment on "Reactions at interfaces as a source of sulfate formation in sea-salt particles," by A. Laskin, D. J. Gaspar, W. Wang, S. W. Hunt, J. P. Cowin, S. D. Colson, and B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, Science, 303, 628.
72. Sander, S. P., et al. (2011), Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies, Evaluation No. 17, JPL Publication 10-6, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, http://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov.
73. Schwartz, S. E., and W. H. White (1981), Solubility equilibria of the nitrogen oxides and oxyacids in dilute aqueous solution, in Advances in Environmental Science and Engineering, vol. 4, edited by J. R. Pfafflin and E. N. Ziegler, pp. 1-45, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, NY.
74. Simpson, W. R., et al. (2007), Halogens and their role in polar boundarylayer ozone depletion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418.
75. Smith, A. M., W. C. Keene, J. R. Maben, A. A. P. Pszenny, E. Fischer, and A. Stohl (2007), Ammonia sources, transport, transformation, and deposition in coastal New England during summer, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S08, doi:10.1029/2006JD007574.
76. Tang, I. N. (1997), Thermodynamic and optical properties of mixed-salt aerosols of atmospheric importance, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1,883-1,893.
77. Tanner, R. L., and R. M. Harrison (1992), Acid-base equilibria of aerosols and gases in the atmosphere, in Environmental Particles, Environ. Anal. Phys. Chem. Ser., vol. 1, edited by J. Buffle and H. P. van Leeuwen, Lewis, pp. 75-106, Boca Raton, Fla.
78. Thornton, J. A., et al. (2010), A large atomic chlorine source inferred from mid-continental reaction nitrogen chemistry, Nature, 464, 271-274, doi:10.1038/nature08905.
79. Ver Planck, W. L. (1958), Salt in California, Calif. Div. Mines Bull, vol. 175, pp. 178, San Francisco, CA.
80. von Glasow, R. (2010), Wider role of airborne chlorine, Nature, 464, 168-169.
81. von Glasow, R., and R. Sander (2001), Variation of sea salt aerosol pH with relative humidity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 247-250.
82. von Glasow R., R. Sander, A. Bott, and P. J. Crutzen (2002a), Modeling halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer. 1. Cloud-free MBL, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D17), 4341, doi:10.1029/2001JD000942.
83. von Glasow, R., R. Sander, A. Bott, and P. J. Crutzen (2002b), Modeling halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer. 2. Interactions with sulfur and cloud-covered MBL, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D17), 4323, doi:10.1029/2001JD000943.
84. Watson, J. G., E. M. Fujita, J. C. Chow, B. Zielinska, L. W. Richards, W. Neff, and D. L. Dietrich (1998), Northern Front Range air quality study final report, Desert Research Institute.
85. Wennberg, P. O., et al. (1994), Removal of stratospheric O3 by radicals: In situ measurements of OH, OH2, NO, NO2, ClO, and BrO, Science, 266, 398-404.