Thermodynamic and optical properties of mixed-salt aerosols of atmospheric importance

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 1883-1893

  Tang, Ignatius N ^a  

^a BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000834730     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd03085     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bezboruah, C. P., A. K. Covington, and R. A. Robinson, Excess Gibbs energies of aqueous mixtures of alkali metal chlorides and nitrates, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 2, 431-437, 1970.
2. Bromley, L. A., Thermodynamic properties of strong electrolytes in aqueous solutions, AIChE. J., 19, 313-320, 1973.
3. Charlson, R. J., S. E. Schwartz, J. M. Hales, R. D. Cess, J. A. Coakley Jr., J. E. Hansen, and D. J. Hofmann, Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430, 1992.
4. 2O system to high supersaturation and low relative humidity at 298.15 K, J. Aerosol Sci., 26, 19-38, 1995.
5. Clegg, S. L., and K. S. Pitzer, Thermodynamics of multicomponent, miscible, ionic solutions: Generalized equations for symmetrical electrolytes, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 3513-3520, 1992.
6. Clegg, S. L., K. S. Pitzer, and P. Brimblecombe, Thermodynamics of multicomponent, miscible, ionic solutions. 2. Mixtures including unsymmetrical electrolytes, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 9470-9479, 1992.
7. Cohen, M. D., R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld, Studies of concentrated electolyte solutions using the electrodynamic balance, 1. Water activities for single electrolyte solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 4563-4574, 1987.
8. 4 of sea waters and sea water concentrates, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 11, 325-331, 1966.
9. Hamer, W. J., and Y.-C. Wu, Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uni-univalent electrolytes in water at 25°C, J Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1, 1047-1099, 1972.
10. Kirgintsev, A. N., and A. V. Luk'yanov, Isopiestic investigation of ternary solutions. Russ, J. Phys. Chem., Engl. Transl., 37, 1501-1502 1963.
11. Kirgintsev, A. N., and A. V. Luk'yanov, Isopiestic investigation of ternary solutions, VIII, General treatment of the results for 34 temary aqueous salt solutions, Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 40, 953-956, 1966.
12. Larson, S. M., G. R. Cass, K. J. Hussey, and F. Luce, Verification of image processing based visibility models. Environ. Sci. Technol 22, 629-637, 1988.
13. Orr Jr., C., F. K. Hurd, and W. J. Corbett, (Aerosol size and relative humidity, J. Colloid Sci., 13, 472-482, 1958.
14. Moelwyn-Hughes, E. A., Physical Chemistry, 2nd rev. ed., p. 397, Pergamon, Tarrytown, New York, 1961.
15. Pitzer, K. S., and J. M. Simonson, Thermodynamics of multicomponent, miscible, ionic systems: Theory and equations, J. Phys. Chem., 90, 3005-3009, 1986.
16. 4 at 25°C, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 13, 46-48, 1968.
17. Presle, G., and H. Horvath, Visibility in turbid media with colored illumination, Atmos. Environ., 12, 2455-2459, 1978.
18. Robinson, R. A., Activity coefficients of sodium chloride and potassium chloride in mixed aqueous solutions at 25°C, J. Phys. Chem., 65, 662-667, 1961.
19. Rood, M. J., M. A. Shaw, T. V. Larson, and D. S. Covert, Ubiquitous nature of ambient metastable aerosol, Nature, 337, 537-539, 1989.
20. Sanster, J., and F. Lenzi, On the choice of methods for the prediction of the water activity and activity coefficient for multicomponent aqueous solutions, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 52, 392-396, 1974.
21. Sanster, J., T. T. Teng, and F. Lenzi, A general method of calculating the water activity of supersaturated aqueous solutions from ternary data, Can. J. Chem., 51, 2626-2631, 1973.
22. Saxena, P., and T. W. Peterson, Thermodynamics of multicomponent electrolytic aerosols, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 79, 496-510, 1981.
23. Seinfeld, J. H., Urban air pollution: State of science, Scienc, 243, 745-752, 1989.
24. Sloane, C. S., Optical properties of aerosols: Comparison of measurements with model calculations, Atmos. Environ., 17, 409-419, 1983.
25. Sloane, C. S., and W. H. White, Visibility: An evolving issue, Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 760-766, 1986.
26. Stelson, A. W., Urban aerosol refractive index prediction by molar refraction approach, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1676-1679, 1990.
27. Stokes, R. H., and R. A. Robinson, Interactions in aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 70, 2126-2131, 1966.
28. Tang, I. N., Phase transformation and growth of aerosol particles composed of mixed salts, J. Aerosol Sci., 7, 361-371, 1976.
29. Tang, I. N., Deliquescence properties and particle size change of hygroscopic aerosols, in Generation of Aerosols, edited by K. Willeke, chap. 7, Butterworth-Heinemann, Newton, Mass., 1980.
30. Tang, I. N., Chemical and size effects of hygroscopic aerosols on light scattering coefficients, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,245-19,250, 1996
31. Tang, I. N., and H. R. Munkelwitz, Simultaneous determination of refractive index and density of an evaporating aqueous solution droplet, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 15, 201-207, 1991.
32. Tang, I. N., and H. R. Munkelwitz, Composition and temperature dependence of the deliquescence properties of hygroscopic aerosols, Atmoss. Environ., 27, Part A, 467-473, 1993.
33. Tang, I. N., and H. R. Munkelwitz, Water activities, densities and refractive indices of aqueous sulfates and sodium nitrate droplets of atmospheric importance, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18,801-18,808, 1994a.
34. Tang, I. N., and H. R. Munkelwitz, Aerosol phase transformation and growth in the atmosphere, J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 791-796, 1994b.
35. Tang, I. N., H. R. Munkelwitz, and J. G. Davis, Aerosol growth studies, VI, Phase transformation of mixed salt aerosols in a moist atmosphere, J. Aerosol Sci., 9, 505-511, 1978.
36. 2O systems, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 14, 409-415, 1986.
37. Tang, I. N., W. T. Wong, and H. R. Munkelwitz, The relative importance of atmospheric sulfates and nitrates in visibility reduction, Atmos. Environ., 15, 2463-2471, 1981.
38. Teng, T.-T., and F. Lenzi, Water activity data representation of aqueous solutions at 25°C, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 52, 387-391, 1974.
39. Teng, T.-T. and F. Lenzi, Density prediction of multicompcnent aqueous solutions from binary data. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 53, 673-676, 1975.
40. Teng, T.-T., J. Sanster, and F. Lenzi, Additivity rules for the prediction of the density of aqueous solutions containing mixed-type solutes, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 54, 600-605, 1976.
41. Zdanovskii, A. B., Tr. Solyanoi Lab. Vses. Inst. Galurgii Akad. Nauk SSSR, no.6, 1936.