Production and decay of ClNO2 from the reaction of gaseous N2O5 with NaCl solution: Bulk and aerosol experiments

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 3795-3804

  Behnke, Wolfgang ^a   George, Christian ^a   Scheer, Volker ^a   Zetzsch, Cornelius ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR TOXICOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE NITRATE; DINITROGEN PENTOXIDE; HYDROLYSIS;

EID: 0012634186     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd03057     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Behnke, W., and C. Zetzsch, Photochemischer Abbau von chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen in der Atmosphäre, in Halogenierte organische Verbindungen in der Umwelt, VDI-Ber. 745, pp. 153-162, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf, Germany, 1989a.
2. 3, in a photosmog system, in Ozone in the Atmosphere: Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 1988 and Tropospheric Ozone Workshop, edited by R. Bojkov and P. Fabian, pp. 519-523, Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1989b.
3. Behnke, W., and C. Zetzsch, Heterogeneous photochemical formation of Cl atoms from NaCl aerosol, NOx and ozone, J. Aerosol Sci., S21, 229-232, 1990.
4. Behnke, W., F. Nolting, and C. Zetzsch, Rate constants for the reac tions of chlorine atoms with hydrocarbons determined by an aerosol smog chamber technique, paper T-21 presented at 16th International Conference on Photochemistry, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass., 1984.
5. 5 on NaCl aerosol, J. Aerosol Sci.,S22, 609-612, 1991.
6. 3 and wet aerosols, J. Aerosol Sci., S23, 933-936, 1992a.
7. 5 with NaCl- and sea-spray aerosol, in Chemical Mechanisms Describing Tropospheric Processes, Air Pollut. Res. Rep. 45, edited by J. Peeters, pp. 249-252, Comm. of the Eur. Communities, Brussels, 1992b.
8. 5 J. Aerosol Sci., S25, 277-278, 1994.
9. Blanchard, D. C., and A. H. Woodcock, The production, concentration, and vertical distribution of the sea-salt aerosol, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 338, 330-347, 1980,
10. x background mixing ratios in surface air over Europe and the Atlantic Ocean, in Physico-chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants. 3rd European Symposium Varese, Italy, edited by B. Versino and G. Angeletti, pp. 390-399, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1984.
11. Brown, R. L., Tubular flow reactor with first-order kinetics, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 83, 1-8, 1978.
12. CERN, "MINUIT" Program Library, entry D506, Geneva, 1989.
13. Colburn, C. B., Developments in Inorganic Nitrogen Chemistry, vol. 2, Elsevier, New York, 1973.
14. Cooney, D. O., S. Kim, and E. J. Davis, Analyses of mass transfer in hemodialyzers for laminar blood flow and homogeneous dialysate, J. Chem. Eng. Sci., 29, 1731-1738, 1974.
15. Danckwerts. P. V., Gas-Liquid Reactions. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970.
16. 2 with NaCl and atmospheric implications of NOCl formation, Nature, 306, 676-677, 1983.
17. 2 with NaBr: Possible source of BrNO in polluted marine atmospheres. Atmos. Environ., 22, 1107-1112, 1988.
18. 2., Nature, 337, 241-244, 1989.
19. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., F. E. Livingston, and H. N. Berko. Ozone destruction and bromine photochemistry at ground level in the Arctic spring, Nature, 343, 622-625, 1990.
20. 5 with sulfuric aerosols at stratospheric temperatures and compositions. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3517-3532, 1994.
21. Fuchs, N. A., and A. G. Sutugin. Highly dispersed aerosols, in International Reviews of Aerosol Physics and Chemistry, vol. 2, edited by G. M. Hidy and J. R. Brock, pp. 1-60, Pergamon, Tarrytown, N. Y., 1971.
22. 5 by water and NaCl solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 8780-8784, 1994.
23. 5 on 40 to 75% sulfuric acid solutions, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 307-314, 1991.
24. 2 uptake coefficients on water and sulfuric acid surfaces. J. Phys. Chem., 96, 4979-4985, 1992.
25. Hoigné, J., H. Bader, W. R. Haag, and J. Staehelin, Rate constants of reactions of ozone with organic and inorganic compounds in water, III, Inorganic compounds and radicals, Water Res., 19, 993-1004, 1985.
26. Johnson, D. W., and D. W. Margerum, Non-metal redox kinetics: A reexamination of the mechanism of the reaction between hypochlorite and nitrite ions, Inorg. Chem., 30, 4845-4851, 1991.
27. Keene, W. C., A. A. P. Pszenny, D. J. Jacob, R. A. Duce, J. N. Galloway. J. J. Schultz-Tokos, H. Sievering, and J. F. Boatman, The geochemical cycling of reactive chlorine through the marine troposphere, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 4, 407-430, 1990.
28. Kirchner, W., F. Welter, A. Bongartz, J. Kames, S. Schweighoefer, and U. Schurath, Trace gas exchange at the air/water interface: Measurements of mass accommodation coefficients, J. Atmos. Chem., 10, 427-449, 1990.
29. Manogue, W. H., and R. L. Pigford, The kinetics of the absorption of phosgene into water and aqueous solutions, AlChE J., 6, 494-500, 1960.
30. Markham, A. E., and K. A. Kobe, The solubility of carbon dioxide and nitrous acid in aqueous salt solutions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 63, 449, 1941.
31. Martens. C. S., J. J. Wesolowski, R. C. Harriss, and R. Kaifer, Chlorine loss from Puerto Rican and San Francisco Bay area marine aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 8778-8792, 1973.
32. 5 on aqueous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 889-896, 1988.
33. Murphy, D. M., and D. W. Fahey, Mathematical treatment of the wall loss of a trace species in denuder and catalytic converter tubes, Anal. Chem., 59, 2753-2759, 1987.
34. NASA, Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for the use in stratospheric modeling, Eval. 9, Jet Propul. Lab., Pasadena, Calif., 1990.
35. Pendlebury, J. N., and R. H. Smith, Kinetics of oxidation of nitrite by aqueous chlorine, Aust. J. Chem., 26, 1857-1861, 1973.
36. Pitzer, K. S. (Ed.), Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1991.
37. Platt, U., D. Perner, A. M. Winer, H. W. Biermann, R. Atkinson, and J. N. Pitts Jr., Measurement of nitrate radical concentrations in continental air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 365-369, 1984.
38. Pruppacher, H. R., and J. D. Klett, Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitations, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1978.
39. Pszenny, A. A. P., W. C. Keene, D. J. Jacob, S. Fan, J. R. Maben, M. P. Zetwo, M. Springer-Young, and J. N. Galloway, Evidence of inorganic chlorine gases other than hydrogen chloride in marine surface air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 699-702, 1993.
40. Reid, R. C., J. M. Prausnitz, and B. E. Poling, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1987.
41. Russell, A. G., G. J. McRae, and G. R. Cass, The dynamics of nitric acid production and the fate of nitrogen oxides, Atmos. Environ., 19, 893-903, 1985.
42. Schiff, H. J., G. J. Mackay, C. Castledine, G. W. Harris, and Q. Tran, Atmospheric measurements of nitrogen dioxide with a sensitive luminol instrument, Water Air Soil Pollut., 30, 105-114, 1986.
43. Schroeder, W. H., and P. Urone, Formation of nitrosyl chloride from sea-salt particles in air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 8, 756-758, 1974.
44. Tang, I. N., Phase transformation and growth of aerosol particles composed of mixed salts, J. Aerosol Sci., 7, 361-371, 1976.
45. Taylor, R., Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, John Wiley, New York, 1990.
46. 5 by water droplets, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 3265-3269, 1990.
47. Zetzsch, C., and K. H. Becker, Das luftchemische Verhalten von flüchtigen Organohalogen-verbindungen, in Halogenierte organische Verbindungen in der Umwelt, VDI Ber. 745, pp. 97-127, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, Germany, 1989.
48. Zetzsch, C., and W. Behnke, Heterogeneous photochemical sources of atomic Cl in the troposphere, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 96, 488-493, 1992.
49. Zetzsch, C., and W. Behnke, Heterogeneous reactions of chlorine compounds, in The Tropospheric Chemistry of Ozone in the Polar Regions, edited by H. Niki and K. H. Becker, NATO ASI Ser., vol. 17, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993.
50. Zetzsch, C. G. Pfahler, and W. Behnke, Heterogeneous formation of chlorine atoms from NaCl in a photosmog system, J. Aerosol Sci., 19, 1203-1206, 1988.