Commitment and Extremism: A Goal Systemic Analysis

Journal of Social Issues

Volumn 69, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 419-435

  Klein, Kristen M ^a   Kruglanski, Arie W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PROBLEM; UNCERTAINTY ROLE;

EID: 84883639049     PISSN: 00224537     EISSN: 15404560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/josi.12022     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Abelson, R. P. (1995). Attitude extremity. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 25-41). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Press.
2. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckman (Eds.), Action-control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39). Heidelberg: Springer.
3. Breton, A., Galeotti, G., Salmon, P., & Wintrobe, R. (Eds.) (2002). Political extremism and rationality. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.2277/0521804418
4. Dechesne, M., & Kruglanski, A.W. (2004). Terror's epistemic consequences: Existential threats and the quest for certainty and closure. In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, & T.A. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of experimental existential psychology (pp. 247-262). New York: Guilford Press.
5. Doosje, B., Loseman, A., & van den Bos, K. (2013). Determinants of radicalization of Islamic youth in the Netherlands: Personal uncertainty, perceived injustice, and perceived group threat. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 586-604.
6. Esses, V. M., Medianu, S., & Lawson, A. S. (2013). Uncertainty, threat, and the role of the media in promoting the dehumanization of immigrants and refugees. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 518-536.
7. Federico, C. M., Hunt, C. V., & Fisher, E. L. (2013). Uncertainty and status-based asymmetries in the distinction between the "good" us and the "bad" them: Evidence that group status strengthens the relationship between the need for cognitive closure and extremity in intergroup differentiation. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 473-494.
8. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
9. Fiske, S. T. (2013). A millennial challenge: Extremism in uncertain times. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 605-613.
10. Gelfand, M. J., LaFree, G., Fahey, S., & Feinberg, E. (2013). Culture and extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 495-517.
11. Hogg, M. A. (2004). Uncertainty and extremism: Identification with high entitativity groups under conditions of uncertainty. In V. Yzerbyt, C. M. Judd, & O. Corneille (Eds.), The psychology of group perception: Perceived variability, entitativity, and essentialism (pp. 401-418). New York: Psychology Press.
12. Hogg, M. A. (2007). Uncertainty-identity theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 39, pp. 69-126). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(06)39002-8
13. Hogg, M. A. (2012). Uncertainty-identity theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 62-80). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781446249222
14. Hogg, M. A., & Adelman, J. (2013). Uncertainty-identity theory: Extreme groups, radical behavior, and authoritarian leadership. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 436-454.
15. Hogg, M. A., Kruglanski, A., & van den Bos, K. (2013). Uncertainty and the roots of extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 407-418.
16. Jaccard, J., Radecki, C., Wilson, T., & Dittus, P. (1995). Methods for identifying consequential beliefs: Implications for understanding attitude strength. In R. Petty & J. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 337-360). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Press.
17. Kay, A. C., & Eibach, R. P. (2013). Compensatory control and its implications for ideological extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 564-585.
18. Kopetz, C., Faber, T., Fishbach, A., & Kruglanski, A. (2011). Multifinality constraints effect: How goal multiplicity narrows the means set to a focal end. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(5), 810-826. doi: 10.1037/a0022980
19. Krosnick, J. A., Boninger, D. S., Chuang, Y. C., Berent, M. K., & Carnot, C. G. (1993). Attitude strength: One construct or many related constructs? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), 1132-1151.
20. Kruglanski, A.W., & Orehek, E. (2009). Toward a relativity theory of rationality. Social Cognition, 27(5), 639-660. doi: 10.1521/soco.2009.27.5.639
21. Kruglanski, A. W., Pierro, A., Mannetti, L., & DeGrada, E. (2006). Groups as epistemic providers: Need for closure and the unfolding of group-centrism. Psychological Review, 113(1), 84-100. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.113.1.84
22. Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., Sleeth-Keppler, D. (2002). A theory of goal systems. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 331-376). New York: Academic Press.
23. Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1991). Group members' reactions to opinion deviates and conformists at varying degrees of proximity to decision deadline and of environmental noise. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 212-225. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.212
24. Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1049-1062. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1049
25. Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: "Seizing" and "freezing." Psychological Review, 103(2), 263-283. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.103.2.263
26. McGregor, I. (2003). Defensive zeal: Compensatory conviction about attitudes, values, goals, groups, and self-definitions in the face of personal uncertainty. In S. J. Spencer, S. Fein, M. P. Zanna, & J. M. Olson (Eds.), Motivated social perception (pp. 73-92). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
27. McGregor, I. (2006a). Offensive defensiveness: Toward an integrative neuroscience of compensatory zeal after mortality salience, personal uncertainty, and other poignant self-threats. Psychological Inquiry, 17(4), 299-308. doi: 10.1080/10478400701366977
28. McGregor, I. (2006b). Zeal appeal: The allure of moral extremes. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28(4), 343-348. doi: 10.1207/s15324834basp2804_7
29. McGregor, I., & Jordan, C. H. (2007). The mask of zeal: Low implicit self-esteem, threat, and defensive extremism. Self and Identity, 6, 223-237. doi: 10.1080/15298860601115351
30. McGregor, I., Prentice, M., & Nash, K. (2013). Anxious uncertainty and reactive approach motivation (RAM) for religious, idealistic, and lifestyle extremes. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 537-563.
31. McGregor, I., Zanna, M. P., Holmes, J. G., & Spencer, S. J. (2001). Compensatory conviction in the face of personal uncertainty: Going to extremes and being oneself. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(3), 472-488. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.472
32. Proulx, T., & Major, B. (2013). A raw deal: Heightened liberalism and conservatism following exposure to anomalous playing cards. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 455-472.
33. Rabasa, A., Pettyjohn, S. L., Ghez, J. J., & Boucek, C. (2010). Deradicalizing Islamic extremists. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1053
34. Shah, J. Y., Friedman, R., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2002). Forgetting all else: On the antecedents and consequences of goal shielding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1261-1280.
35. Sidanius, J. (1985). Cognitive functioning and sociopolitical ideology revisited. Political Psychology, 6(4), 637-661. doi: 10.2307/3791021
36. Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczinski, T. (2004). The cultural animal: Twenty years of terror management theory and research. In J. Greenberg, S. Koole, & T. Pyszczinski (Eds.), Handbook of experimental existential psychology (pp. 13-34). New York: Guilford Press.
37. Staub, E. (1989). The roots of evil: The origins of genocide and other group violence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
38. Van den Bos, K. (2009). The social psychology of uncertainty management and system justification. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification (pp. 185-209). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320916.001.0001
39. Van den Bos, K., Ameijde, J., & van Gorp, H. (2006). On the psychology of religion: The role of personal uncertainty in religious worldview defense. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28(4), 333-341. doi: 10.1207/s15324834basp2804_6
40. Van den Bos, K., Poortvliet, P. M., Maas, M., Miedema, J., & van den Ham, E. (2005). An enquiry concerning the principles of cultural norms and values: The impact of uncertainty and mortality salience on reactions to violations and bolstering of cultural worldviews. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 91-113. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2004.06.001
41. Visser, P. S., Bizer, G. Y., & Krosnick, J. A. (2006). Exploring the latent structure of strength-related attitude attributes. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 1-68). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38001-X
42. Wintrobe, R. (2006). Rational extremism: The political economy of radicalism. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511511028
43. Zhang, Y., Fishbach, A., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2007). The dilution model: How additional goals undermine the perceived instrumentality of a shared path. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 389-401. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.389