메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 51, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 212-227

Heuristics of human enhancement risk: A little chemical help?

Author keywords

growth hormones; human enhancement drugs; injecting drug use (IDU); site enhancement oils; tanning agents

Indexed keywords

AFAMELANOTIDE; ANDROGEN; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; COSMETIC; MELANOTAN II; SILICON;

EID: 84882982053     PISSN: 14635240     EISSN: 21649545     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14635240.2013.818295     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (161)
  • 1
    • 84860911191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACMD (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs). London: ACMD.
    • ACMD (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs). 2010. Consideration of the Anabolic Steroids, London: ACMD.
    • (2010) Consideration of the Anabolic Steroids
  • 2
    • 0036471949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pumping iron, risking infection exposure to hepatitis c, hepatitis b and hiv among anabolic-androgenic steroid injectors in victoria, australia
    • Aitken, C., Delalande, C., and, Stanton, K. 2002. Pumping Iron, Risking Infection? Exposure to Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B and HIV among Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Injectors in Victoria, Australia. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 65: 303-308.
    • (2002) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.65 , pp. 303-308
    • Aitken, C.1    Delalande, C.2    Stanton, K.3
  • 3
    • 0036259968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citizen bodies: Is embodied citizenship a contradiction in terms?
    • Bacchi, C., and, Beasley, C. 2002. Citizen Bodies: Is Embodied Citizenship a Contradiction in Terms?. Critical Social Policy, 22 (2): 324-352.
    • (2002) Critical Social Policy , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 324-352
    • Bacchi, C.1    Beasley, C.2
  • 4
    • 31344439514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: A case study of the pitfalls in the evolution of evidence
    • Bagshaw, S. M., McAlister, F. A., Manns, B. J., and, Ghali, W. A. 2006. Acetylcysteine in the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Case Study of the Pitfalls in the Evolution of Evidence. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166: 161-166.
    • (2006) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.166 , pp. 161-166
    • Bagshaw, S.M.1    McAlister, F.A.2    Manns, B.J.3    Ghali, W.A.4
  • 5
    • 28444492651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control and desire: The issue of identity in popular discourses of addiction
    • Bailey, L. 2005. Control and Desire: The Issue of Identity in Popular Discourses of Addiction. Addiction Research and Theory, 13: 535-543.
    • (2005) Addiction Research and Theory , vol.13 , pp. 535-543
    • Bailey, L.1
  • 6
    • 33746542100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid and prescription medicine abuse in the health and fitness community: A regional study
    • Baker, J. S., Graham, M. R., and, Davies, B. 2006. Steroid and Prescription Medicine Abuse in the Health and Fitness Community: A Regional Study. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 17: 479-484.
    • (2006) European Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.17 , pp. 479-484
    • Baker, J.S.1    Graham, M.R.2    Davies, B.3
  • 12
    • 34547652546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support for the uniqueness of body dissatisfaction from drive for muscularity among men
    • Bergeron, D., and, Tylka, T. L. 2007. Support for the Uniqueness of Body Dissatisfaction from Drive for Muscularity among Men. Body Image, 4: 288-295.
    • (2007) Body Image , vol.4 , pp. 288-295
    • Bergeron, D.1    Tylka, T.L.2
  • 14
    • 0036155244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of anabolic steroids and associated health risks among gay men attending london gyms
    • Bolding, G., Sherr, L., and, Elford, J. 2002. Use of Anabolic Steroids and Associated Health Risks among Gay Men Attending London Gyms. Addiction, 97: 195-203.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 195-203
    • Bolding, G.1    Sherr, L.2    Elford, J.3
  • 15
    • 0032712950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV risk behaviours among gay men who use anabolic steroids
    • Bolding, G., Sherr, L., Maguire, M., and, Elford, J. 1999. HIV Risk Behaviours among Gay Men Who Use Anabolic Steroids. Addiction, 94: 1829-1835.
    • (1999) Addiction , vol.94 , pp. 1829-1835
    • Bolding, G.1    Sherr, L.2    Maguire, M.3    Elford, J.4
  • 17
    • 0042460858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge, embodiment and neo-liberal drug policy
    • Bunton, R. 2001. Knowledge, Embodiment and Neo-Liberal Drug Policy. Contemporary Drug Problems, 28: 221-243.
    • (2001) Contemporary Drug Problems , vol.28 , pp. 221-243
    • Bunton, R.1
  • 18
  • 21
    • 84864313253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will steroids kill me if i use them once a qualitative analysis of inquiries submitted to the danish anti-doping authorities
    • Christiansen, A. V., and, Møller, J. 2012. Will Steroids Kill Me if I Use Them Once? A Qualitative Analysis of Inquiries Submitted to the Danish Anti-Doping Authorities. Performance Enhancement & Health, 1: 39-47.
    • (2012) Performance Enhancement & Health , vol.1 , pp. 39-47
    • Christiansen, A.V.1    Møller, J.2
  • 22
    • 0024376114 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin: A treatment for facial asymmetry caused by facial nerve paralysis
    • Clark, R. P., and, Berris, C. E. 1989. Botulinum Toxin: A Treatment for Facial Asymmetry Caused by Facial Nerve Paralysis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 84 (2): 353-355.
    • (1989) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 353-355
    • Clark, R.P.1    Berris, C.E.2
  • 26
    • 0342749327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anabolic-androgenic steroid use disorders among a sample of australian competitive and recreational users
    • Copeland, J., Peters, R., and, Dillon, P. 2000. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Disorders among a Sample of Australian Competitive and Recreational Users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 60: 91-96.
    • (2000) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.60 , pp. 91-96
    • Copeland, J.1    Peters, R.2    Dillon, P.3
  • 27
    • 82455220412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selling androgenic anabolic steroids by the pound: Identification and analysis of popular websites on the internet
    • Cordaro, F. G., Lombardo, S., and, Cosentino, M. 2011. Selling Androgenic Anabolic Steroids by the Pound: Identification and Analysis of Popular Websites on the Internet. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 21 (6): e247-e257.
    • (2011) Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , vol.21 , Issue.6
    • Cordaro, F.G.1    Lombardo, S.2    Cosentino, M.3
  • 28
    • 23944527141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type a injections: Adverse events reported to the us food and drug administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases
    • Coté, T. R., Mohan, A. K., Polder, J. A., Walton, M. K., and, Braun, M. M. 2005. Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections: Adverse Events Reported to the US Food and Drug Administration in Therapeutic and Cosmetic Cases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 53 (3): 407-415.
    • (2005) Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-415
    • Coté, T.R.1    Mohan, A.K.2    Polder, J.A.3    Walton, M.K.4    Braun, M.M.5
  • 29
    • 69149098959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eruptive melanocytic naevi following melanotan injection
    • Cousen, P., Colver, G., and, Helbling, I. 2009. Eruptive Melanocytic Naevi Following Melanotan Injection. British Journal of Dermatology, 161: 707-708.
    • (2009) British Journal of Dermatology , vol.161 , pp. 707-708
    • Cousen, P.1    Colver, G.2    Helbling, I.3
  • 30
    • 31544480387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic signalling pathways activated in dmba-induced mouse mammary tumors
    • Currier, N., Solomon, S. E., and, Demicco, E. G. 2005. Oncogenic Signalling Pathways Activated in DMBA-Induced Mouse Mammary Tumors. Toxicologic Pathology, 33: 726-737.
    • (2005) Toxicologic Pathology , vol.33 , pp. 726-737
    • Currier, N.1    Solomon, S.E.2    Demicco, E.G.3
  • 33
    • 79952702208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of anabolic androgenic steroids and polypharmacy: A review of the literature
    • Dodge, T., and, Hoagland, M. F. 2011. The Use of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Polypharmacy: A Review of the Literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 114 (2-3): 100-109.
    • (2011) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.114 , Issue.23 , pp. 100-109
    • Dodge, T.1    Hoagland, M.F.2
  • 34
    • 3142683968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a super potent melanotropic peptide in combination with solar uv radiation on tanning of the skin inhuman volunteers
    • Dorr, R. T., Ertl, G., Levine, N., Brooks, C., Bangert, J. L., and, Powell, M. B. 2004. Effects of a Super Potent Melanotropic Peptide in Combination with Solar UV Radiation on Tanning of the Skin Inhuman Volunteers. Archives of Dermatology, 140: 27-35.
    • (2004) Archives of Dermatology , vol.140 , pp. 27-35
    • Dorr, R.T.1    Ertl, G.2    Levine, N.3    Brooks, C.4    Bangert, J.L.5    Powell, M.B.6
  • 35
    • 0029980737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of melanotan-ii, a super potent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-i clinical study
    • Dorr, R. T., Lines, R., Levine, N., Xiang, L., Hruby, V. J., and, Hadley, M. E. 1996. Evaluation of Melanotan-II, a Super Potent Cyclic Melanotropic Peptide in a Pilot Phase-I Clinical Study. Life Sciences, 58: 1777-1784.
    • (1996) Life Sciences , vol.58 , pp. 1777-1784
    • Dorr, R.T.1    Lines, R.2    Levine, N.3    Xiang, L.4    Hruby, V.J.5    Hadley, M.E.6
  • 37
    • 0036594674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multilevel analysis of neighborhood context and youth alcohol and drug problems
    • Duncan, S. C., Duncan, T. E., and, Strycker, L. A. 2002. A Multilevel Analysis of Neighborhood Context and Youth Alcohol and Drug Problems. Prevention Science, 3: 125-133.
    • (2002) Prevention Science , vol.3 , pp. 125-133
    • Duncan, S.C.1    Duncan, T.E.2    Strycker, L.A.3
  • 39
    • 39749117622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of long-term adverse effects associated with the use of chemically-modified animal and non animal source hyaluronic acid dermal fillers
    • Edwards, P. C., and, Fantasia, J. E. 2007. Review of Long-Term Adverse Effects Associated with the Use of Chemically-Modified Animal and Non Animal Source Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers. Journal of Clinical Interventions on Aging, 2 (4): 509-519.
    • (2007) Journal of Clinical Interventions on Aging , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 509-519
    • Edwards, P.C.1    Fantasia, J.E.2
  • 40
    • 18244392422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperhidrosis: Evolving therapies for a well-established phenomenon
    • Eisenach, J. H., Atkinson, J. L., and, Fealey, R. D. 2005. Hyperhidrosis: Evolving Therapies for a Well-Established Phenomenon. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 80: 657-66.
    • (2005) Mayo Clinic Proceedings , vol.80 , pp. 657-666
    • Eisenach, J.H.1    Atkinson, J.L.2    Fealey, R.D.3
  • 41
    • 1242338832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts in anabolic-androgenic steroids
    • Evans, N. 2004. Current Concepts in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32: 534-542.
    • (2004) The American Journal of Sports Medicine , vol.32 , pp. 534-542
    • Evans, N.1
  • 43
    • 77953451362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elephant in the Room the methodological implications for public health research of performance-enhancing drugs derived from the illicit market
    • Evans-Brown, M., Kimergård, A., and, McVeigh, J. 2009. Elephant in the Room? The Methodological Implications for Public Health Research of Performance-Enhancing Drugs Derived from the Illicit Market. Drug Test Analysis, 1: 323-326.
    • (2009) Drug Test Analysis , vol.1 , pp. 323-326
    • Evans-Brown, M.1    Kimergård, A.2    McVeigh, J.3
  • 44
    • 73549125563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injecting human growth hormone as a performance-enhancing drug-perspectives from the united kingdom
    • Evans-Brown, M., and, McVeigh, J. 2009. Injecting Human Growth Hormone as a Performance-Enhancing Drug-Perspectives from the United Kingdom. Journal of Substance Use, 14: 267-288.
    • (2009) Journal of Substance Use , vol.14 , pp. 267-288
    • Evans-Brown, M.1    McVeigh, J.2
  • 46
    • 1842556746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of information about mdma (3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine): Perceived accuracy, importance, and implications for prevention among young adult users
    • Falck, R. S., Carlson, R. G., Wang, J., and, Siegal, H. A. 2004. Sources of Information about MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine): Perceived Accuracy, Importance, and Implications for Prevention among Young Adult Users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 74: 45-54.
    • (2004) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.74 , pp. 45-54
    • Falck, R.S.1    Carlson, R.G.2    Wang, J.3    Siegal, H.A.4
  • 47
    • 84924870895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cyberspace
    • Edited by: Cave, M. Baldwin, R. and Lodge, M. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Feick, J., and, Werle, R. 2010. " Regulation of Cyberspace ". In The Oxford Handbook of Regulation, Edited by: Cave, M., Baldwin, R. and Lodge, M. 523-547. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2010) The Oxford Handbook of Regulation , pp. 523-547
    • Feick, J.1    Werle, R.2
  • 49
    • 31544448009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of melanotan®, [nle4, d-phe7]-msh, on melanin synthesis in humans with mc1r variant alleles
    • Fitzgerald, L. M., Fryer, J. L., Dwyer, T., and, Humphrey, S. M. 2006. Effect of MELANOTAN®, [Nle4, d-Phe7]-MSH, on Melanin Synthesis in Humans with MC1R Variant Alleles. Peptides, 27: 388-394.
    • (2006) Peptides , vol.27 , pp. 388-394
    • Fitzgerald, L.M.1    Fryer, J.L.2    Dwyer, T.3    Humphrey, S.M.4
  • 50
    • 85047699892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The availability of web sites offering to sell opioid medications without prescriptions
    • Forman, R. F., Woody, G. E., McLellan, T., and, Lynch, K. G. 2006. The Availability of Web Sites Offering to Sell Opioid Medications without Prescriptions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163: 1233-1238.
    • (2006) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.163 , pp. 1233-1238
    • Forman, R.F.1    Woody, G.E.2    McLellan, T.3    Lynch, K.G.4
  • 53
    • 77954112942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governing through (in)security: A critical analysis of a fear based public health campaign
    • Gagnon, M., Jacob, J. D., and, Holmes, D. 2010. Governing through (In)Security: A Critical Analysis of a Fear Based Public Health Campaign. Critical Public Health, 20 (2): 245-256.
    • (2010) Critical Public Health , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-256
    • Gagnon, M.1    Jacob, J.D.2    Holmes, D.3
  • 56
    • 33947521623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first fillers vaseline and paraffin from miracle to disaster
    • Glicenstein, J. 2007. The First Fillers, Vaseline and Paraffin. From Miracle to Disaster. Annales Chirurgie Plastique et Esthetique, 52: 157-161.
    • (2007) Annales Chirurgie Plastique et Esthetique , vol.52 , pp. 157-161
    • Glicenstein, J.1
  • 57
    • 77952511210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicalisation: The role of e-pharmacies in iatrogenic harm
    • Glover-Thomas, N., and, Fanning, J. 2010. Medicalisation: The Role of E-Pharmacies in Iatrogenic Harm. Medical Law Review, 18: 28-55.
    • (2010) Medical Law Review , vol.18 , pp. 28-55
    • Glover-Thomas, N.1    Fanning, J.2
  • 64
    • 79955381987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Androgens and anabolic steroids: The one-headed janus
    • Handelsman, D. J. 2011. Commentary: Androgens and Anabolic Steroids: The One-Headed Janus. Endocrinology, 152: 1752-1754.
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 1752-1754
    • Handelsman, D.J.1
  • 65
    • 84863062694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive granulomatous pneumonitis in response to cosmetic subcutaneous silicone injections in a patient with hiv-1 infection: Case report and review of the literature
    • Hariri, L. P., Gaissert, H. A., Brown, R., Ciaranello, A., Greene, R. E., Selig, M. K., and, Kradin, R. L. 2012. Progressive Granulomatous Pneumonitis in Response to Cosmetic Subcutaneous Silicone Injections in a Patient with HIV-1 Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 136 (2): 204-207.
    • (2012) Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , vol.136 , Issue.2 , pp. 204-207
    • Hariri, L.P.1    Gaissert, H.A.2    Brown, R.3    Ciaranello, A.4    Greene, R.E.5    Selig, M.K.6    Kradin, R.L.7
  • 67
    • 0027256585 scopus 로고
    • Anabolic steroids and growth hormone
    • Haupt, H. A. 1993. Anabolic Steroids and Growth Hormone. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 21 (3): 468-474.
    • (1993) American Journal of Sports Medicine , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 468-474
    • Haupt, H.A.1
  • 68
    • 77950481823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paraffin oil injection in bodybuilders calls for preventive action.
    • Henriksen, T. F., Løvenwald, J. B., and, Matzen, S. H. 2010. Paraffin Oil Injection in Bodybuilders Calls for Preventive Action. [In Danish.] UgeskrLaeger, 172: 219-220.
    • (2010) [In Danish.] UgeskrLaeger , vol.172 , pp. 219-220
    • Henriksen, T.F.1    Løvenwald, J.B.2    Matzen, S.H.3
  • 69
    • 77956340582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image disturbance in 1000 male appearance and performance enhancing drug users
    • Hildebrandt, T., Alfano, L., and, Langenbucher, J. W. 2010. Body Image Disturbance in 1000 Male Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Users. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44: 841-846.
    • (2010) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.44 , pp. 841-846
    • Hildebrandt, T.1    Alfano, L.2    Langenbucher, J.W.3
  • 70
    • 79961123536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anabolic 500 survey: Characteristics of male users versus nonusers of anabolic-androgenic steroids for strength training
    • Ip, E. J., Barnett, M. J., Tenerowicz, M. J., and, Perry, P. J. 2011. The Anabolic 500 Survey: Characteristics of Male Users versus Nonusers of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids for Strength Training. Pharmacotherapy, 31 (8): 757-766.
    • (2011) Pharmacotherapy , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 757-766
    • Ip, E.J.1    Barnett, M.J.2    Tenerowicz, M.J.3    Perry, P.J.4
  • 71
    • 63049115446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compression bandage as treatment for ulcers induced by intramuscular self-injection of paraffin oil
    • Iversen, L., Lemcke, A., Bitsch, M., and, Karlsmark, T. 2009. Compression Bandage as Treatment for Ulcers Induced by Intramuscular Self-Injection of Paraffin Oil. Acta Dermato Venereoliga, 89: 196-197.
    • (2009) Acta Dermato Venereoliga , vol.89 , pp. 196-197
    • Iversen, L.1    Lemcke, A.2    Bitsch, M.3    Karlsmark, T.4
  • 72
    • 84882999229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed. London: Jones & Bartlett.
    • Jecker, N. 2011. Bioethics, 3rd ed., London: Jones & Bartlett.
    • (2011) Bioethics
    • Jecker, N.1
  • 79
    • 44349157577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of anabolic steroids
    • Kicman, A. T. 2008. Pharmacology of Anabolic Steroids. British Journal of Pharmacology, 154: 502-521.
    • (2008) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.154 , pp. 502-521
    • Kicman, A.T.1
  • 80
    • 0009483486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health behavior changes after colon cancer: A comparison of findings from face-to-face and on-line focus groups
    • Kramish, C. M., Meier, A., Carr, C., Enga, Z., James, A. S., and, Reedy, J. 2001. Health Behavior Changes after Colon Cancer: A Comparison of Findings from Face-to-Face and On-Line Focus Groups. Family and Community Health, 24 (3): 88-103.
    • (2001) Family and Community Health , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 88-103
    • Kramish, C.M.1    Meier, A.2    Carr, C.3    Enga, Z.4    James, A.S.5    Reedy, J.6
  • 81
    • 0001442380 scopus 로고
    • Motivated inference: Self serving generation and evaluation of causal theories
    • Kunda, Z. 1987. Motivated Inference: Self Serving Generation and Evaluation of Causal Theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53 (4): 636-647.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 636-647
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 82
    • 79954561890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Web vulnerability study of online pharmacy sites
    • Kuzma, J. 2011. Web Vulnerability Study of Online Pharmacy Sites. Health and Social Care, 36: 20-34.
    • (2011) Health and Social Care , vol.36 , pp. 20-34
    • Kuzma, J.1
  • 83
    • 77955889534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanotropic peptides: More than just barbie drugs and sun-tan jabs?
    • Langan, E. A., Nie, Z., and, Rhodes, L. E. 2010. Melanotropic Peptides: More Than Just Barbie Drugs and Sun-Tan Jabs?. British Journal of Dermatology, 163: 451-455.
    • (2010) British Journal of Dermatology , vol.163 , pp. 451-455
    • Langan, E.A.1    Nie, Z.2    Rhodes, L.E.3
  • 85
    • 56749150658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injecting risk behaviour and related harm among men who use performance-and image-enhancing drugs
    • Larance, B., Degenhardt, L., Copeland, J., and, Dillon, P. 2008. Injecting Risk Behaviour and Related Harm among Men Who Use Performance-and Image-Enhancing Drugs. Drug and Alcohol Review, 27 (6): 679-686.
    • (2008) Drug and Alcohol Review , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 679-686
    • Larance, B.1    Degenhardt, L.2    Copeland, J.3    Dillon, P.4
  • 89
    • 0003999764 scopus 로고
    • London: Routledge.
    • Lupton, D. 1995. Risk, London: Routledge.
    • (1995) Risk
    • Lupton, D.1
  • 91
    • 0036082193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life would be pretty dull without risks: Voluntary risk taking and its pleasures
    • Lupton, D., and, Tulloch, J. 2002. Life would be Pretty Dull without Risks: Voluntary Risk Taking and Its Pleasures. Health Risk and Society, 4: 113-124.
    • (2002) Health Risk and Society , vol.4 , pp. 113-124
    • Lupton, D.1    Tulloch, J.2
  • 94
    • 0028033043 scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular abscess: Another anabolic steroid danger
    • Maropis, C., and, Yesalis, C. E. 1994. Intramuscular Abscess: Another Anabolic Steroid Danger. Physician and Sports Medicine, 22: 105-107.
    • (1994) Physician and Sports Medicine , vol.22 , pp. 105-107
    • Maropis, C.1    Yesalis, C.E.2
  • 96
    • 84882994932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nalbuphine (Nubain): Non-prescribed use, injecting, and risk behaviors for bloodborne viruses
    • McElrath, K., and, Connolly, D. 2006. Nalbuphine (Nubain): Non-Prescribed Use, Injecting, and Risk Behaviors for Bloodborne Viruses. Contemporary Drug Problems, 33: 321-340.
    • (2006) Contemporary Drug Problems , vol.33 , pp. 321-340
    • McElrath, K.1    Connolly, D.2
  • 97
    • 0242575272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New challenges for agency based syringe exchange schemes: Analysis of 11 years of data (1991-2001) in merseyside and cheshire, united kingdom
    • McVeigh, J., Beynon, C. M., and, Bellis, M. A. 2003. New Challenges for Agency Based Syringe Exchange Schemes: Analysis of 11 Years of Data (1991-2001) in Merseyside and Cheshire, United Kingdom. International Journal of Drug Policy, 14: 399-405.
    • (2003) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.14 , pp. 399-405
    • McVeigh, J.1    Beynon, C.M.2    Bellis, M.A.3
  • 98
    • 84867594246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human enhancement drugs and the pursuit of perfection
    • McVeigh, J., Evans-Brown, M., and, Bellis, M. A. 2012. Human Enhancement Drugs and the Pursuit of Perfection. Adicciones, 24: 185-190.
    • (2012) Adicciones , vol.24 , pp. 185-190
    • McVeigh, J.1    Evans-Brown, M.2    Bellis, M.A.3
  • 99
    • 84882995917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanotan.org Melanotan.org. Retrieved 2009-08-29
    • Melanotan.org, 2009. "Melanotan.org". Melanotan.org. Retrieved 2009-08-29
    • (2009) Melanotan org
  • 100
    • 0029866525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids by canadian students
    • Melia, P., Pipe, A., and, Greenberg, L. 1996. The Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids by Canadian Students. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 6 (1): 9-14.
    • (1996) Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-14
    • Melia, P.1    Pipe, A.2    Greenberg, L.3
  • 101
    • 84862104253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selling a super cosmeceutical: Contextualising risk in direct-to-consumer advertising of botox® cosmetic
    • Mello, S. 2012. Selling a Super Cosmeceutical: Contextualising Risk in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of BOTOX® Cosmetic. Health. Risk & Society, 14 (4): 385-398.
    • (2012) Health. Risk & Society , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 385-398
    • Mello, S.1
  • 102
    • 0029869168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anabolic steroid use and associated health risk behaviours
    • Middleman, A. B., and, DuRant, R. H. 1996. Anabolic Steroid Use and Associated Health Risk Behaviours. Sports Medicine, 21: 251-255.
    • (1996) Sports Medicine , vol.21 , pp. 251-255
    • Middleman, A.B.1    Durant, R.H.2
  • 103
    • 0034051606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk behaviours for hiv and hepatitis infection among anabolic-androgenic steroid users
    • Midgley, S. J., Heather, N., Best, D., Henderson, D., McCarthy, S., and, Davies, J. B. 2000. Risk Behaviours for HIV and Hepatitis Infection among Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users. AIDS Care, 12: 163-170.
    • (2000) AIDS Care , vol.12 , pp. 163-170
    • Midgley, S.J.1    Heather, N.2    Best, D.3    Henderson, D.4    McCarthy, S.5    Davies, J.B.6
  • 104
    • 77649170234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Prisma Group Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The prisma statement
    • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., and, The PRISMA Group. 2009. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Open Medicine, 3: 123-130.
    • (2009) Open Medicine , vol.3 , pp. 123-130
    • Moher, D.1    Liberati, A.2    Tetzlaff, J.3    Altman, D.G.4
  • 106
    • 0036308679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vocabularies of motive for illicit steroid use amongst bodybuilders
    • Monaghan, L. F. 2002. Vocabularies of Motive for Illicit Steroid Use amongst Bodybuilders. Social Science & Medicine, 55: 695-708.
    • (2002) Social Science & Medicine , vol.55 , pp. 695-708
    • Monaghan, L.F.1
  • 107
    • 84995256332 scopus 로고
    • Personality, mood, and psychiatric symptoms among anabolic steroid users
    • Moss, H. B., Panzak, G. L., and, Tarter, R. E. 1992. Personality, Mood, and Psychiatric Symptoms among Anabolic Steroid Users. The American Journal on Addictions, 1: 315-324.
    • (1992) The American Journal on Addictions , vol.1 , pp. 315-324
    • Moss, H.B.1    Panzak, G.L.2    Tarter, R.E.3
  • 108
    • 78650342638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anabolic steroid use in adolescents: Identification of those at risk and strategies for prevention
    • Mulcahey, M. K., Schiller, J. R., and, Hulstyn, M. J. 2010. Anabolic Steroid Use in Adolescents: Identification of Those at Risk and Strategies for Prevention. Physician and Sports Medicine, 38 (3): 105-113.
    • (2010) Physician and Sports Medicine , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 105-113
    • Mulcahey, M.K.1    Schiller, J.R.2    Hulstyn, M.J.3
  • 109
    • 0035956327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body building aided by intramuscular injections of walnut oil
    • Munch, I. C., and, Hvolris, J. J. 2001. Body Building Aided by Intramuscular Injections of Walnut Oil. UgeskrLaeger, 163: 6758
    • (2001) UgeskrLaeger , vol.163 , pp. 6758
    • Munch, I.C.1    Hvolris, J.J.2
  • 111
    • 63949087637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe cholestasis and renal failure associated with the use of the designer steroid superdrol (methasteron): A case report and literature review
    • Nasr, J., and, Ahmad, J. 2009. Severe Cholestasis and Renal Failure Associated with the Use of the Designer Steroid Superdrol (Methasteron): A Case Report and Literature Review. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 54: 1144-1146.
    • (2009) Digestive Diseases and Sciences , vol.54 , pp. 1144-1146
    • Nasr, J.1    Ahmad, J.2
  • 112
    • 43149084857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of autonomic disorders and pain (an evidence-based review): Report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the american academy of neurology
    • Naumann, M., So, Y., Argoff, C. E., Childers, M. K., Dykstra, D. D., Gronseth, G. S., Jabbari, B., and, Kaufmann, H. C. 2008. Assessment: Botulinum Neurotoxin in the Treatment of Autonomic Disorders and Pain (an Evidence-Based Review): Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 70 (19): 1707-1714.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , Issue.19 , pp. 1707-1714
    • Naumann, M.1    So, Y.2    Argoff, C.E.3    Childers, M.K.4    Dykstra, D.D.5    Gronseth, G.S.6    Jabbari, B.7    Kaufmann, H.C.8
  • 114
    • 3042854273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV risk behaviors among male-to-female transgender persons of color in san francisco
    • Nemoto, T., Operario, D., Keatley, J., Han, L., and, Soma, T. 2004. HIV Risk Behaviors among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons of Color in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health, 94 (7): 1193-1199.
    • (2004) American Journal of Public Health , vol.94 , Issue.7 , pp. 1193-1199
    • Nemoto, T.1    Operario, D.2    Keatley, J.3    Han, L.4    Soma, T.5
  • 115
    • 0002045436 scopus 로고
    • Sociological critique of health promotion
    • Edited by: Bunon, R. Nettleton, S. and Burrows, R. London: Routledge.
    • Nettleton, S., and, Bunton, R. 1995. " Sociological Critique of Health Promotion ". In The Sociology of Health Promotion, Edited by: Bunon, R., Nettleton, S. and Burrows, R. 41-59. London: Routledge.
    • (1995) The Sociology of Health Promotion , pp. 41-59
    • Nettleton, S.1    Bunton, R.2
  • 116
    • 0033839447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle dysmorphia in male weightlifters: A case-control study
    • Olivardia, R., Pope, H. G., and, Hudson, J. L. 2000. Muscle Dysmorphia in Male Weightlifters: A Case-Control Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157: 1291-1296.
    • (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 1291-1296
    • Olivardia, R.1    Pope, H.G.2    Hudson, J.L.3
  • 117
    • 80053504215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of online pharmacies and websites selling prescription drugs: A systematic review
    • Orizio, G., Merla, A., Schulz, P. J., and, Gelatti, U. 2011. Quality of Online Pharmacies and Websites Selling Prescription Drugs: A Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13: e74
    • (2011) Journal of Medical Internet Research , vol.13 , pp. 74
    • Orizio, G.1    Merla, A.2    Schulz, P.J.3    Gelatti, U.4
  • 124
    • 1842333921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle dysmorphia-an underrecognized form of body dysmorphic disorder
    • Pope, H. G., Gruber, A. J., Choi, P., Olivardia, R., and, Phillips, K. A. 1997. Muscle Dysmorphia-An Underrecognized Form of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Psychosomatics, 38: 548-557.
    • (1997) Psychosomatics , vol.38 , pp. 548-557
    • Pope, H.G.1    Gruber, A.J.2    Choi, P.3    Olivardia, R.4    Phillips, K.A.5
  • 125
    • 0023923707 scopus 로고
    • Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use
    • Pope, H. G., and, Katz, D. L. 1988. Affective and Psychotic Symptoms Associated with Anabolic Steroid Use. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 145: 487-490.
    • (1988) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.145 , pp. 487-490
    • Pope, H.G.1    Katz, D.L.2
  • 126
    • 0027451320 scopus 로고
    • Anorexia nervosa and "reverse anorexia" among 108 male bodybuilders
    • Pope, H. G. Jr., Katz, D. L., and, Hudson, J. I. 1993. Anorexia Nervosa and "Reverse Anorexia" Among 108 Male Bodybuilders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34: 406-409.
    • (1993) Comprehensive Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 406-409
    • Pope Jr., H.G.1    Katz, D.L.2    Hudson, J.I.3
  • 128
    • 29744444131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of muscle dysmorphia among males with body dysmorphic disorder
    • Pope, C. G., Pope, H. G., Menard, W., Fay, C., Olivardia, R., and, Phillips, K. A. 2005. Clinical Features of Muscle Dysmorphia among Males with Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Body Image, 2: 395-400.
    • (2005) Body Image , vol.2 , pp. 395-400
    • Pope, C.G.1    Pope, H.G.2    Menard, W.3    Fay, C.4    Olivardia, R.5    Phillips, K.A.6
  • 133
    • 79955724656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanotropic peptides: What exactly is meant by melanotan?
    • Rhodes, L., and, Langan, E. 2011. Melanotropic Peptides: What Exactly Is Meant by Melanotan?. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 91: 377-378.
    • (2011) Acta Dermato-Venereologica , vol.91 , pp. 377-378
    • Rhodes, L.1    Langan, E.2
  • 135
    • 79961070766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addiction and personal responsibility as solutions to the contradictions of neolibral consumerism
    • Room, R. 2011. Addiction and Personal Responsibility as Solutions to the Contradictions of Neolibral Consumerism. Critical Public Health, 21 (2): 141-151.
    • (2011) Critical Public Health , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-151
    • Room, R.1
  • 137
    • 84882965386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Accessed 10 September 2012]
    • Ross, J. 2011. Explosion of Steroid Use Fuelled by Reverse Anorexia. Available at http://www.scotsman.com/news/explosion-of-steroid-use-fuelled-by- reverse-anorexia-1-1498568 [Accessed 10 September 2012]
    • (2011) Explosion of Steroid Use Fuelled by Reverse Anorexia
    • Ross, J.1
  • 139
    • 77950821266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics, behaviors, and attitudes of men bypassing the healthcare system when obtaining phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
    • Schnetzler, G., Banks, I., Kirby, M., Zou, K. H., and, Symonds, T. 2010. Characteristics, Behaviors, and Attitudes of Men Bypassing the Healthcare System When Obtaining Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7: 1237-1246.
    • (2010) Journal of Sexual Medicine , vol.7 , pp. 1237-1246
    • Schnetzler, G.1    Banks, I.2    Kirby, M.3    Zou, K.H.4    Symonds, T.5
  • 140
    • 0029874909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beliefs about steroids: User vs. non-user comparisons
    • Schwerin, M. J., and, Corcoran, K. J. 1996. Beliefs about Steroids: User Vs. Non-User Comparisons. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 40: 221-225.
    • (1996) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.40 , pp. 221-225
    • Schwerin, M.J.1    Corcoran, K.J.2
  • 143
    • 77954136412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating local knowledge(s) in health promotion
    • Smith, N. 2010. Incorporating Local Knowledge(s) in Health Promotion. Critical Public Health, 20 (2): 211-222.
    • (2010) Critical Public Health , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-222
    • Smith, N.1
  • 144
    • 84864302046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body conceptions and virtual ethnopharmacology in an online bodybuilding community
    • Smith, A., and, Stewart, B. 2012. Body Conceptions and Virtual Ethnopharmacology in an Online Bodybuilding Community. Performance Enhancement & Health, 1: 35-38.
    • (2012) Performance Enhancement & Health , vol.1 , pp. 35-38
    • Smith, A.1    Stewart, B.2
  • 145
    • 0029051722 scopus 로고
    • Practical methodology of meta-analyses (overviews) using updated individual patient data
    • Stewart, L. A., and, Clarke, M. J. 1995. Practical Methodology of Meta-Analyses (Overviews) Using Updated Individual Patient Data. Cochrane Working Group. Statistics in Medicine, 14: 2057-2079.
    • (1995) Cochrane Working Group. Statistics in Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 2057-2079
    • Stewart, L.A.1    Clarke, M.J.2
  • 146
    • 77950925740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development, risk, and resilience of transgender youth
    • Stieglitz, K. A. 2010. Development, Risk, and Resilience of Transgender Youth. Journal of the Association of Nurses, 21: 192-206.
    • (2010) Journal of the Association of Nurses , vol.21 , pp. 192-206
    • Stieglitz, K.A.1
  • 149
    • 0041734821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review outbreak of mycobacterium abscessus infection after soft tissue augmentation
    • Toy, B. R., and, Frank, P. J. 2003. Review Outbreak of Mycobacterium Abscessus Infection after Soft Tissue Augmentation. Dermatological Surgery, 29 (9): 971-973.
    • (2003) Dermatological Surgery , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 971-973
    • Toy, B.R.1    Frank, P.J.2
  • 150
    • 23044512010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural manifestations of anabolic steroid use
    • Trenton, A. J., and, Currier, G. W. 2005. Behavioural Manifestations of Anabolic Steroid Use. CNS Drugs, 19: 571-595.
    • (2005) CNS Drugs , vol.19 , pp. 571-595
    • Trenton, A.J.1    Currier, G.W.2
  • 151
    • 0024948838 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of anabolic steroid use among competitive bodybuilders
    • Tricker, R., O'Neill, M. R., and, Cook, D. 1989. The Incidence of Anabolic Steroid Use Among Competitive Bodybuilders. Journal of Drug Education, 19 (4): 313-325.
    • (1989) Journal of Drug Education , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-325
    • Tricker, R.1    O'Neill, M.R.2    Cook, D.3
  • 153
    • 84884590880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silk road, the virtual drug marketplace: A single case study of user experiences
    • March 1. pii: S0955-3959(13)00006-6 doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.01.005. [Epub ahead of print]
    • Van Hout, M. C., and T. Bingham. 2013. "Silk Road, the Virtual Drug Marketplace: A Single Case Study of User Experiences." International Journal of Drug Policy. March 1. pii: S0955-3959(13)00006-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.01.005. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2013) International Journal of Drug Policy
    • Van Hout, M.C.1    Bingham, T.2
  • 154
    • 84986146403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes of injecting male anabolic androgenic steroid users to media influence, health messages and gender constructs
    • Walker, D. M., and, Joubert, H. E. 2011. Attitudes of Injecting Male Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Users to Media Influence, Health Messages and Gender Constructs. Drug and Alcohol Today, 11 (2): 65-70.
    • (2011) Drug and Alcohol Today , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 65-70
    • Walker, D.M.1    Joubert, H.E.2
  • 155
    • 0033779983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin receptor agonists, penile erection, and sexual motivation: Human studies with melanotan ii
    • Wessells, H., Levine, N., Hadley, M. E., Dorr, R., and, Hruby, V. 2000. Melanocortin Receptor Agonists, Penile Erection, and Sexual Motivation: Human Studies with Melanotan II. International Journal of Impotence Research, 12: 74-79.
    • (2000) International Journal of Impotence Research , vol.12 , pp. 74-79
    • Wessells, H.1    Levine, N.2    Hadley, M.E.3    Dorr, R.4    Hruby, V.5
  • 157
    • 0033763349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivations for anabolic steroid use among bodybuilders
    • Wright, S., Grogan, S., and, Hunter, G. 2000. Motivations for Anabolic Steroid Use among Bodybuilders. Journal of Health Psychology, 5: 566-571.
    • (2000) Journal of Health Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 566-571
    • Wright, S.1    Grogan, S.2    Hunter, G.3
  • 159
    • 0026688627 scopus 로고
    • Aggression and hostility in anabolic steroid users
    • Yates, W. R., Perry, P., and, Murray, S. 1992. Aggression and Hostility in Anabolic Steroid Users. Biological Psychiatry, 31: 1232-1234.
    • (1992) Biological Psychiatry , vol.31 , pp. 1232-1234
    • Yates, W.R.1    Perry, P.2    Murray, S.3
  • 160
    • 0029020959 scopus 로고
    • Anabolic-androgenic steroids: Current issues
    • Yesalis, C. E., and, Bahrke, M. S. 1995. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: Current Issues. Sports Medicine, 19: 326-340.
    • (1995) Sports Medicine , vol.19 , pp. 326-340
    • Yesalis, C.E.1    Bahrke, M.S.2
  • 161
    • 68349119195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silicone injection causing acute pneumonitis: A case series
    • Zamora, A. C., Collard, H. R., Barrera, L., Mendoza, F., Webb, W. R., and, Carrillo, G. 2009. Silicone Injection Causing Acute Pneumonitis: A Case Series. Lung, 187 (4): 241-244.
    • (2009) Lung , vol.187 , Issue.4 , pp. 241-244
    • Zamora, A.C.1    Collard, H.R.2    Barrera, L.3    Mendoza, F.4    Webb, W.R.5    Carrillo, G.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.