메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 267-288

Injecting human growth hormone as a performance-enhancing drug-perspectives from the United Kingdom

Author keywords

20th century history; Acromegaly; Anabolic steroids; Body image; Causality; Drug adulteration counterfeits; Growth hormone; Harm reduction; Needle and Syringe Programmes; Observational research; Performance enhancing drugs; United Kingdom

Indexed keywords

HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE;

EID: 73549125563     PISSN: 14659891     EISSN: 14759942     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/14659890903224383     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (14)

References (128)
  • 1
    • 4644289756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-occurrence does not imply association
    • Adams, B. B., (2004). Co-occurrence does not imply association. International Journal of Dermatology, 43(9), 699-700.
    • (2004) International Journal of Dermatology , vol.43 , Issue.9 , pp. 699-700
    • Adams, B.B.1
  • 3
  • 5
    • 33746542100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid and prescription medicine abuse in the health and fitness community: A regional study
    • Baker, J. S., Graham, M. R., & Davies, B. (2006). Steroid and prescription medicine abuse in the health and fitness community: A regional study. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 17(7), 479-484.
    • (2006) European Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 479-484
    • Baker, J.S.1    Graham, M.R.2    Davies, B.3
  • 6
    • 0001113346 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of human and monkey growth hormone in man
    • Beck, J. C., McGarry, E. E., Dyrenfurth, I., & Venning, E. H. (1957). Metabolic effects of human and monkey growth hormone in man. Science, 125(3253), 884-885.
    • (1957) Science , vol.125 , Issue.3253 , pp. 884-885
    • Beck, J.C.1    McGarry, E.E.2    Dyrenfurth, I.3    Venning, E.H.4
  • 8
  • 9
    • 0036155244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of anabolic steroids and associated health risks among gay men attending London gyms
    • Bolding, G., Sherr, L., & Elford, J. (2002). Use of anabolic steroids and associated health risks among gay men attending London gyms. Addiction, 97(2), 195-203.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-203
    • Bolding, G.1    Sherr, L.2    Elford, J.3
  • 10
    • 10444284584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Medical Association & Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. London: BMJ Group and RPS Publishing
    • British Medical Association & Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. (2008). British national formulary (No 56). London: BMJ Group and RPS Publishing.
    • (2008) British National Formulary (No 56)
  • 11
    • 73649148849 scopus 로고
    • Anterior pituitary hormones: Definition, measurement and use
    • M. J. Parnham & J. Bruinvels (Eds.), Haemodynamics, hormones and inflammation. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Publications
    • Brown, P. S. (1984). Anterior pituitary hormones: Definition, measurement and use. In M. J. Parnham & J. Bruinvels (Eds.), Discoveries in pharmacology, volume 2: Haemodynamics, hormones and inflammation. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Publications.
    • (1984) Discoveries in Pharmacology, Volume 2: Haemodynamics, Hormones and Inflammation
    • Brown, P.S.1
  • 12
    • 0029866496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anabolic steroid use among the gym population in Clwyd
    • Burton, C. (1996). Anabolic steroid use among the gym population in Clwyd. Pharmaceutical Journal, 256, 557-559.
    • (1996) Pharmaceutical Journal , vol.256 , pp. 557-559
    • Burton, C.1
  • 13
    • 0022430022 scopus 로고
    • Fatal degenerative neurologic disease in patients who received pituitary-derived human growth hormone
    • Centres for Disease Control (CDC) 365-366
    • Centres for Disease Control (CDC). (1985). Fatal degenerative neurologic disease in patients who received pituitary-derived human growth hormone. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 34(24), 359-360, 365-366.
    • (1985) MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , vol.34 , Issue.24 , pp. 359-360
  • 14
    • 0025716923 scopus 로고
    • Multistate outbreak of poisonings associated with illicit use of gamma hydroxy butyrate
    • Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1990). Multistate outbreak of poisonings associated with illicit use of gamma hydroxy butyrate. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 39(47), 861-863.
    • (1990) MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , vol.39 , Issue.47 , pp. 861-863
  • 15
    • 0026559101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute poisoning from gamma-hydroxybutyrate in California
    • Chin, M. Y., Kreutzer, R. A., & Dyer, J. E. (1999). Acute poisoning from gamma-hydroxybutyrate in California. Western Journal of Medicine, 56(4), 380-384.
    • (1999) Western Journal of Medicine , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 380-384
    • Chin, M.Y.1    Kreutzer, R.A.2    Dyer, J.E.3
  • 16
    • 44949105343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A league of their own: Demographics, motivations and patterns of use of 1,955 male adult non-medical anabolic steroid users in the United States
    • Retrieved August 24, 2009 from
    • Cohen, J., Collins, R., Darkes, J., & Gwartney, D. (2007). A league of their own: Demographics, motivations and patterns of use of 1,955 male adult non-medical anabolic steroid users in the United States. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 4(1). Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://www.jissn.com/content/4/1/12
    • (2007) Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition , vol.4 , Issue.1
    • Cohen, J.1    Collins, R.2    Darkes, J.3    Gwartney, D.4
  • 17
    • 0031725416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of infection with HIV and hepatitis B in individuals who inject steroids in England and Wales
    • Crampin, A. C., Lamagni, T. L., Hope, V. D., Newham, J. A., Lewis, K. M., Parry, J. V., et al., (1998). The risk of infection with HIV and hepatitis B in individuals who inject steroids in England and Wales. Epidemiology and Infection, 121(2), 381-386.
    • (1998) Epidemiology and Infection , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 381-386
    • Crampin, A.C.1    Lamagni, T.L.2    Hope, V.D.3    Newham, J.A.4    Lewis, K.M.5    Parry, J.V.6
  • 18
    • 12844279416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office
    • Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44). (2003). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
    • (2003) Criminal Justice Act 2003 (C. 44)
  • 19
    • 0023807075 scopus 로고
    • Body composition response to exogenous GH during training in highly conditioned adults
    • Crist, D. M., Peake, G. T., Egan, P. A., & Waters, D. L. (1988). Body composition response to exogenous GH during training in highly conditioned adults. Journal of Applied Physiology, 65(2), 579-584.
    • (1988) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 579-584
    • Crist, D.M.1    Peake, G.T.2    Egan, P.A.3    Waters, D.L.4
  • 20
    • 0030656605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioneering recombinant growth hormone manufacturing: Pounds produced per mile of height
    • Cronin, M. J. (1997). Pioneering recombinant growth hormone manufacturing: Pounds produced per mile of height. Journal of Pediatrics, 131(1 Pt 2), 85-87.
    • (1997) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.131 , Issue.1 PART 2 , pp. 85-87
    • Cronin, M.J.1
  • 22
    • 0004149207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
    • Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    • (2006) The Selfish Gene
    • Dawkins, R.1
  • 23
    • 0034913092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs in sport - The role of the physician
    • Dawson, R. T. (2001). Drugs in sport - the role of the physician. Journal of Endocrinology, 170(1), 55-61.
    • (2001) Journal of Endocrinology , vol.170 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-61
    • Dawson, R.T.1
  • 24
    • 0027478999 scopus 로고
    • Self-administration of cadaveric growth hormone in power athletes
    • Deyssig, R., & Frisch, H. (1993). Self-administration of cadaveric growth hormone in power athletes. Lancet, 341(8847), 768-769.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , Issue.8847 , pp. 768-769
    • Deyssig, R.1    Frisch, H.2
  • 25
    • 0037468516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate advertising of dietary supplements
    • Drazen, J. M. (2003). Inappropriate advertising of dietary supplements. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(9), 777-778.
    • (2003) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , Issue.9 , pp. 777-778
    • Drazen, J.M.1
  • 27
    • 73649103576 scopus 로고
    • Chemist struck off roll for steroid deal with bodybuilders; Halil Ozdemir
    • (December 15) (London, England)
    • Ellis, M. (1988, December 15). Chemist struck off roll for steroid deal with bodybuilders; Halil Ozdemir. The Times (London, England), pp. N/A.
    • (1988) The Times
    • Ellis, M.1
  • 28
    • 0001854965 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the anterior lobe administered intraperitoneally upon growth, maturity and oestrus cycles of the rat
    • Evans, H. M., & Long, J. A. (1921). The effect of the anterior lobe administered intraperitoneally upon growth, maturity and oestrus cycles of the rat. The Anatomical Record, 21(1), 62-63.
    • (1921) The Anatomical Record , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-63
    • Evans, H.M.1    Long, J.A.2
  • 29
    • 0031056713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local complications of self administered anabolic steroid injections
    • Evans, N. A. (1997). Local complications of self administered anabolic steroid injections. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 31 (1), 54-58.
    • (1997) British Journal of Sports Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-58
    • Evans, N.A.1
  • 30
    • 73649101847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anabolic steroid use in the general population of the United Kingdom
    • V. Møller, P. Dimeo, & M. McNamee (Eds.), Odense, Denmark: University of Southern Denmark Press
    • Evans-Brown, M., & McVeigh, J. (2009). Anabolic steroid use in the general population of the United Kingdom. In V. Møller, P. Dimeo, & M. McNamee (Eds.), Elite sport, doping, and public health (pp. 75-97). Odense, Denmark: University of Southern Denmark Press.
    • (2009) Elite Sport, Doping, and Public Health , pp. 75-97
    • Evans-Brown, M.1    McVeigh, J.2
  • 31
    • 0022857526 scopus 로고
    • Human growth hormone produced with recombinant DNA technology: Development and production
    • Flodh, H. (1986). Human growth hormone produced with recombinant DNA technology: Development and production. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement, 325, 1-8.
    • (1986) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement , vol.325 , pp. 1-8
    • Flodh, H.1
  • 32
    • 0023090731 scopus 로고
    • Present situation worldwide regarding the use and clinical experience of Somatonorm (somatrem)
    • Flodh, H. (1987). Present situation worldwide regarding the use and clinical experience of Somatonorm (somatrem). Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement, 331, 1-4.
    • (1987) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement , vol.331 , pp. 1-4
    • Flodh, H.1
  • 33
    • 0022378198 scopus 로고
    • Human growth hormone distribution discontinued
    • Food and Drug Administration
    • Food and Drug Administration. (1985a). Human growth hormone distribution discontinued. FDA Drug Bulletin, 15(2), 17-18.
    • (1985) FDA Drug Bulletin , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 17-18
  • 34
    • 0022308856 scopus 로고
    • Genetically engineered human growth hormone approved
    • Food and Drug Administration
    • Food and Drug Administration. (1985b). Genetically engineered human growth hormone approved. FDA Drug Bulletin, 15(4), 38-39.
    • (1985) FDA Drug Bulletin , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 38-39
  • 36
    • 0023140035 scopus 로고
    • Production of authentic recombinant somatropin
    • Fryklund, L. (1987). Production of authentic recombinant somatropin. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement, 331, 5-8. (Pubitemid 17051467)
    • (1987) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica , vol.76 , Issue.SUPPL. 331 , pp. 5-8
    • Fryklund, L.1
  • 37
  • 39
    • 0022363761 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and pathological features and laboratory confirmation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a recipient of pituitary-derived human growth hormone
    • Gibbs, C. J., Joy, A., Heffner, R., Franko, M., Miyazaki, M., Asher, D. M., et al. (1985). Clinical and pathological features and laboratory confirmation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a recipient of pituitary-derived human growth hormone. New England Journal of Medicine, 313(12), 734-738.
    • (1985) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.313 , Issue.12 , pp. 734-738
    • Gibbs, C.J.1    Joy, A.2    Heffner, R.3    Franko, M.4    Miyazaki, M.5    Asher, D.M.6
  • 40
    • 35349004714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I axis in exercise and sport
    • Gibney, J., Healy, M-L., Sönksen, P. H. (2007). The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I axis in exercise and sport. Endocrine Reviews, 28(6), 603-624.
    • (2007) Endocrine Reviews , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 603-624
    • Gibney, J.1    Healy, M.-L.2    Sönksen, P.H.3
  • 41
    • 73649088755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting through to the body beautifuls
    • 22 October
    • Gilliver, D. (2007, 22 October). Getting through to the body beautifuls. Drink & Drugs News, p. 8.
    • (2007) Drink & Drugs News , pp. 8
    • Gilliver, D.1
  • 42
    • 0032239547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human
    • Giustina, A., & Veldhuis, J. D. (1998). Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocrine Reviews, 9(6), 717-797.
    • (1998) Endocrine Reviews , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 717-797
    • Giustina, A.1    Veldhuis, J.D.2
  • 43
    • 10344264555 scopus 로고
    • The influence of pituitary feeding upon growth and sexual development. An experimental study
    • Goetsch, E. (1916). The influence of pituitary feeding upon growth and sexual development. An experimental study. Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital, 27, 29-50.
    • (1916) Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital , vol.27 , pp. 29-50
    • Goetsch, E.1
  • 45
    • 17744374640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma hydroxy butyrate abuse and dependency
    • Gonzalez, A., & Nutt, D. J. (2005). Gamma hydroxy butyrate abuse and dependency. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19(2), 195-204.
    • (2005) Journal of Psychopharmacology , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-204
    • Gonzalez, A.1    Nutt, D.J.2
  • 46
    • 0034756089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anabolic androgenic steroid use in recreational gym users: A regional sample of the Mid-Glamorgan area
    • Grace, F., Baker, J., & Davies, B. (2001). Anabolic androgenic steroid use in recreational gym users: A regional sample of the Mid-Glamorgan area. Journal of Substance Use, 6(3), 189-195.
    • (2001) Journal of Substance Use , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 189-195
    • Grace, F.1    Baker, J.2    Davies, B.3
  • 49
    • 73649143276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansard, H. L. (1996, 7 May). vol.572, part 87
    • Hansard, H. L. (1996, 7 May). vol.572, part 87.
  • 50
    • 34247577259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. The UK Collaborative Group for HIV and STI Surveillance. London: Health Protection Agency
    • Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. (2006). The UK Collaborative Group for HIV and STI Surveillance. A complex picture. HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in the United Kingdom: 2006. London: Health Protection Agency.
    • (2006) A Complex Picture. HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United Kingdom: 2006
  • 51
    • 73649136265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. London: Health Protection Agency
    • Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. (2008). Hepatitis C in the UK 2008. London: Health Protection Agency.
    • (2008) Hepatitis C in the UK 2008
  • 52
    • 73649115053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Protection Agency, Health Protection Scotland National Public Health Service for Wales Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland Northern Ireland & Centre for Research on Drugs &
    • Health Protection Agency, Health Protection Scotland, National Public Health Service for Wales, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland Northern Ireland, & Centre for Research on Drugs &
  • 54
    • 73649104184 scopus 로고
    • HM Government London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office
    • HM Government. (1971). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. (c.38). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
    • (1971) Misuse of Drugs Act1971. (c.38)
  • 56
    • 44349094812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone, IGF-I and insulin and their abuse in sport
    • Holt, R. I., & Sönksen, P. H. (2008). Growth hormone, IGF-I and insulin and their abuse in sport. British Journal of Pharmacology, 154(3), 542-556.
    • (2008) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.154 , Issue.3 , pp. 542-556
    • Holt, R.I.1    Sönksen, P.H.2
  • 57
    • 0000894883 scopus 로고
    • The effect of human growth hormone in man
    • Ikkos, D., Luft, R., & Gemzell, C. A. (1958). The effect of human growth hormone in man. Lancet, 271(7023), 720-721.
    • (1958) Lancet , vol.271 , Issue.7023 , pp. 720-721
    • Ikkos, D.1    Luft, R.2    Gemzell, C.A.3
  • 59
    • 0022590488 scopus 로고
    • Clinical studies with recombinant-DNA-derived methionyl human growth hormone in growth hormone deficient children
    • Kaplan, S. L., Underwood, L. E., August, G. P., Bell, J. J., Blethen, S. L., Blizzard, R. M., et al. (1986). Clinical studies with recombinant-DNA- derived methionyl human growth hormone in growth hormone deficient children. Lancet, 327(8483), 697-700.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.327 , Issue.8483 , pp. 697-700
    • Kaplan, S.L.1    Underwood, L.E.2    August, G.P.3    Bell, J.J.4    Blethen, S.L.5    Blizzard, R.M.6
  • 61
    • 0022363507 scopus 로고
    • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a young adult with idiopathic hypopituitarism. Possible relation to the administration of cadaveric human growth hormone
    • Koch, T. K., Berg, B. O., De Armond, S. J., & Gravina, R. F. (1985). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a young adult with idiopathic hypopituitarism. Possible relation to the administration of cadaveric human growth hormone. New England Journal of Medicine, 313(12), 731-733.
    • (1985) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.313 , Issue.12 , pp. 731-733
    • Koch, T.K.1    Berg, B.O.2    De Armond, S.J.3    Gravina, R.F.4
  • 62
    • 0003586373 scopus 로고
    • A report to the department of health, the Welsh office and the chief scientist office, Scottish home and health department. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office
    • Korkia, P., & Stimson, G. V. (1993). Anabolic steroid use in Great Britain: An exploratory investigation. A report to the department of health, the Welsh office and the chief scientist office, Scottish home and health department. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
    • (1993) Anabolic Steroid Use in Great Britain: An Exploratory Investigation
    • Korkia, P.1    Stimson, G.V.2
  • 64
    • 56749150658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injecting risk behaviour and related harm among men who use performance- and image-enhancing drugs
    • Larance, B., Degenhard, L., Copeland, J., & Dillon, P. (2008). Injecting risk behaviour and related harm among men who use performance- and image-enhancing drugs. Drug and Alcohol Review, 27(6), 679-686.
    • (2008) Drug and Alcohol Review , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 679-686
    • Larance, B.1    Degenhard, L.2    Copeland, J.3    Dillon, P.4
  • 68
    • 73649088085 scopus 로고
    • The effect of pituitary growth hormone in dwarfism with osseous retardation and hypoglycemia and in a cretin treated with thyroid
    • Lewis, R. A., Klein, R., & Wilkins, L. (1950). The effect of pituitary growth hormone in dwarfism with osseous retardation and hypoglycemia and in a cretin treated with thyroid. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 29(4), 460-464.
    • (1950) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 460-464
    • Lewis, R.A.1    Klein, R.2    Wilkins, L.3
  • 69
    • 37049224476 scopus 로고
    • The isolation of pituitary growth hormone
    • Li, C. H., & Evans, H. M. (1944). The isolation of pituitary growth hormone. Science, 99(2566), 183-184.
    • (1944) Science , vol.99 , Issue.2566 , pp. 183-184
    • Li, C.H.1    Evans, H.M.2
  • 70
    • 0001437604 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and properties of the anterior hypophyseal growth hormone
    • Li, C. H., Evans, H. M., & Simpson, M. E. (1945). Isolation and properties of the anterior hypophyseal growth hormone. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 159(2), 353-366.
    • (1945) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.159 , Issue.2 , pp. 353-366
    • Li, C.H.1    Evans, H.M.2    Simpson, M.E.3
  • 71
    • 37049247456 scopus 로고
    • Crystallization of hypophyseal growth hormone
    • Li, C. H., Evans, H. M., & Simpson, M. E. (1948). Crystallization of hypophyseal growth hormone. Science, 108(2814), 624-625.
    • (1948) Science , vol.108 , Issue.2814 , pp. 624-625
    • Li, C.H.1    Evans, H.M.2    Simpson, M.E.3
  • 72
    • 0343294245 scopus 로고
    • Product and properties of growth hormone from human and monkey pituitary glands
    • Li, C. H., & Papkoff, H. (1956). Product and properties of growth hormone from human and monkey pituitary glands. Science, 124(3235), 1293-1294.
    • (1956) Science , vol.124 , Issue.3235 , pp. 1293-1294
    • Li, C.H.1    Papkoff, H.2
  • 74
    • 73649146683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (9th ed). Jupiter, FL: Body of Science
    • Llewellyn, W. (2009). Anabolics (9th ed.). Jupiter, FL: Body of Science.
    • (2009) Anabolics
    • Llewellyn, W.1
  • 75
    • 49749181418 scopus 로고
    • Effect of human growth hormone in hypophysectomised diabetic subjects
    • Luft, R., Ikkos, D., Gemzell, C. A., & Olivecrona, H. (1958). Effect of human growth hormone in hypophysectomised diabetic subjects. Lancet, 271(7023), 721-722.
    • (1958) Lancet , vol.271 , Issue.7023 , pp. 721-722
    • Luft, R.1    Ikkos, D.2    Gemzell, C.A.3    Olivecrona, H.4
  • 76
    • 0029877731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hodgkin's lymphoma in a cyclist treated with growth hormone
    • Magnavita, N., Teofili, L., & Leone, G. (1996). Hodgkin's lymphoma in a cyclist treated with growth hormone. American Journal of Hematology, 52(1), 65-66.
    • (1996) American Journal of Hematology , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-66
    • Magnavita, N.1    Teofili, L.2    Leone, G.3
  • 77
    • 0023251359 scopus 로고
    • Drug abuse in body builders in the West of Scotland
    • McKillop, P. (1987). Drug abuse in body builders in the West of Scotland. Scottish Medical Journal, 32(2), 39-41.
    • (1987) Scottish Medical Journal , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 39-41
    • McKillop, P.1
  • 78
    • 0242575272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New challenges for agency based syringe exchange schemes: Analysis of 11 years of data (1991 to 2001) in Merseyside and Cheshire, UK
    • McVeigh, J., Beynon, C., & Bellis, M. A. (2003). New challenges for agency based syringe exchange schemes: Analysis of 11 years of data (1991 to 2001) in Merseyside and Cheshire, UK. International Journal of Drug Policy, 14(5-6), 353-357.
    • (2003) International Journal of Drug Policy , vol.14 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 353-357
    • McVeigh, J.1    Beynon, C.2    Bellis, M.A.3
  • 81
    • 0022350799 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone 1985
    • Milner, R. D. (1985). Growth hormone 1985. British Medical Journal, 291(6509), 1593-1594.
    • (1985) British Medical Journal , vol.291 , Issue.6509 , pp. 1593-1594
    • Milner, R.D.1
  • 89
    • 73649128428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention: Aging men. Testosterone and other hormone treatments offer new hope for staying youthful, sexy and strong
    • ( September 16). Retrieved August 24, 2009 from
    • Newsweek.( 1996, September 16). Attention: Aging men. Testosterone and other hormone treatments offer new hope for staying youthful, sexy and strong. Newsweek. Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://www.newsweek.com/id/102829
    • (1996) Newsweek
  • 90
    • 45349093341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New developments in the illegal provision of growth hormone for 'antiaging' and bodybuilding
    • Olshansky, S. J., & Perls, T. T. (2008). New developments in the illegal provision of growth hormone for 'antiaging' and bodybuilding. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299(23), 2792-2794.
    • (2008) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.299 , Issue.23 , pp. 2792-2794
    • Olshansky, S.J.1    Perls, T.T.2
  • 93
    • 4043067107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-aging quackery: Human growth hormone and tricks of the trade - More dangerous than ever
    • Perls, T. T. (2004). Anti-aging quackery: Human growth hormone and tricks of the trade - more dangerous than ever. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 59(7), 682-691.
    • (2004) Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences , vol.59 , Issue.7 , pp. 682-691
    • Perls, T.T.1
  • 94
    • 33845369033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hope drives antiaging hype
    • 1044
    • Perls, T. T. (2006). Hope drives antiaging hype. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 73(12), 1039-1040, 1044.
    • (2006) Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine , vol.73 , Issue.12 , pp. 1039-1040
    • Perls, T.T.1
  • 95
    • 0034724849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The species specificity of growth hormone requires the cooperative interaction of two motifs
    • Peterson, F. C., & Brooks, C. L. (2000). The species specificity of growth hormone requires the cooperative interaction of two motifs. FEBS Letters, 472(2-3), 276-282.
    • (2000) FEBS Letters , vol.472 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 276-282
    • Peterson, F.C.1    Brooks, C.L.2
  • 97
    • 0037548298 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of a pituitary dwarf with human growth hormone
    • Raben, M. S. (1958). Treatment of a pituitary dwarf with human growth hormone. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 18(8), 901-903.
    • (1958) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 901-903
    • Raben, M.S.1
  • 98
    • 73649132398 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on growth. III. The influence of the anterior lobe of the pituitary body upon the growth of the white mouse
    • Robertson, T. B. (1916). Experimental studies on growth. III. The influence of the anterior lobe of the pituitary body upon the growth of the white mouse. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 24(3), 385-396.
    • (1916) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 385-396
    • Robertson, T.B.1
  • 102
    • 33644688401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifactorial hypoglycaemic coma in female bodybuilder
    • Sein Anand, J., Chodorowski, Z., & Wisniewski, M. (2005). Multifactorial hypoglycaemic coma in female bodybuilder. Przeglad lekarski, 62(6), 520-521.
    • (2005) Przeglad Lekarski , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 520-521
    • Sein Anand, J.1    Chodorowski, Z.2    Wisniewski, M.3
  • 103
    • 0011459728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serono Inc. Retrieved August 24, 2009 from
    • Serono, Inc. (2001). Serono statement regarding counterfeit Serostim® . Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http:// www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/ SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm173895.htm
    • (2001) Serono Statement Regarding Counterfeit Serostim®
  • 106
    • 73649085278 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intraperitoneal injection of fresh anterior lobe substance in hypophysectomized tadpoles
    • Smith, P. E., & Smith, I. P. (1922). The effect of intraperitoneal injection of fresh anterior lobe substance in hypophysectomized tadpoles. Anatomical Record, 23(1), 38-39.
    • (1922) Anatomical Record , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-39
    • Smith, P.E.1    Smith, I.P.2
  • 107
    • 0017097114 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone in exercise: Comparison of physiological and pharmacological stimuli
    • Sutton, J., & Lazarus, L. (1976). Growth hormone in exercise: Comparison of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Journal of Applied Physiology, 41(4), 523-527.
    • (1976) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 523-527
    • Sutton, J.1    Lazarus, L.2
  • 109
    • 0029797355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A history of growth hormone
    • Tattersall, R. (1996). A history of growth hormone. Hormone Research, 46(4-5), 236-247.
    • (1996) Hormone Research , vol.46 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 236-247
    • Tattersall, R.1
  • 111
    • 73649148848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Modification) Order 1996. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office
    • The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Modification) Order 1996. (1996). SI 1300. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
    • (1996) SI 1300
  • 112
    • 73649114698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations 1996. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office
    • The Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations 1996. (1996). SI 1597. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
    • (1996) SI 1597
  • 113
    • 73649112177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office
    • The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001. (2001). SI 3998. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
    • (2001) SI 3998
  • 114
    • 73649091216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved August 24, 2009 from
    • Tober, R. (2005). The many faces of growth hormone. Body of Science, 1(3), 24-31. Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://www.bodyofscience.com/files/ counterfeit-summer2005.pdf
    • (2005) The Many Faces of Growth Hormone , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 24-31
    • Tober, R.1
  • 115
    • 73649108030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved August 24, 2009 from
    • Tober, R. (2007). Chinese growth hormone. Body of Science, 2(2), 28-35. Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://www.bodyofscience.com/files/ChineseGH.pdf
    • (2007) Chinese Growth Hormone , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 28-35
    • Tober, R.1
  • 117
  • 118
    • 0037468342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can growth hormone prevent aging?
    • Vance, M. L. (2003). Can growth hormone prevent aging? New England Journal of Medicine, 348(9), 779-780.
    • (2003) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , Issue.9 , pp. 779-780
    • Vance, M.L.1
  • 119
    • 0042413942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tripeptidyl ensemble perspective of interactive control of growth hormone secretion
    • Veldhuis, J. D. (2003). A tripeptidyl ensemble perspective of interactive control of growth hormone secretion. Hormone Research, 60(Suppl. 1), 86-101.
    • (2003) Hormone Research , vol.60 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 86-101
    • Veldhuis, J.D.1
  • 120
    • 44349083554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I
    • Velloso, C. P. (2008). Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I. British Journal of Pharmacology, 154(3), 557-568.
    • (2008) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.154 , Issue.3 , pp. 557-568
    • Velloso, C.P.1
  • 121
    • 0042574349 scopus 로고
    • A new product of crystalline anterior pituitary growth hormone
    • Wilhelmi, A. E., Fishman, J. B., & Russell, J. A. (1948). A new product of crystalline anterior pituitary growth hormone. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 176(2), 735-745.
    • (1948) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.176 , Issue.2 , pp. 735-745
    • Wilhelmi, A.E.1    Fishman, J.B.2    Russell, J.A.3
  • 122
    • 0003892348 scopus 로고
    • Retrieved August 24, 2009 from
    • World Health Organization (WHO). (1986). Ottawa charter for health promotion. Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/ conferences/previous/ottawa/en/
    • (1986) Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
  • 123
    • 20444387776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved August 24, 2009 from
    • World Health Organization. (2003). Substandard and counterfeit medicines. Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/2003/ fs275/en/
    • (2003) Substandard and Counterfeit Medicines
  • 124
    • 73649105959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (n.d.) (a) Retrieved from August 24, 2009
    • World Health Organization. (n.d.) (a). What are substandard drugs? Retrieved from August 24, 2009 http://www.who.int/medicines/services/ counterfeit/faqs/06/en/index.html
    • What Are Substandard Drugs?
  • 125
    • 73649114358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (n.d.) (b) Retrieved August 24 2009 from
    • World Health Organization. (n.d.) (b). How does WHO define a counterfeit drug (medicine)? Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://www.who.int/medicines/ services/counterfeit/faqs/03/en/index.html
    • How Does WHO Define A Counterfeit Drug (Medicine)?
  • 126
    • 73649094211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (n.d.) (c). Retrieved August 24, 2009 from
    • World Health Organization. (n.d.) (c). Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://www.who.int/medicines/services/ counterfeit/faqs/15/en/index.html
  • 127
    • 0024440832 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological and policy issues in the measurement of the long term health effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids
    • Yesalis, C. E., Wright, J. E., & Bahrke, M. (1989). Epidemiological and policy issues in the measurement of the long term health effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Sports Medicine, 8(3), 129-138.
    • (1989) Sports Medicine , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 129-138
    • Yesalis, C.E.1    Wright, J.E.2    Bahrke, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.