DEET

Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 2111-2125

  Sudakin, Daniel L ^a   Osimitz, Thomas ^a  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882782249     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00098-7     Document Type: Chapter

References (82)

1. Follow safety precautions when using DEET on children. AAP News 2003, 22:99. AAP Committee on Environmental Health.
2. Abdel-Rahman A., Shetty A.K., Abou-Donia M.B. Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and Purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. Exp. Neurol. 2001, 172:153-171.
3. Abou-Donia M.B., Wilmarth K.R., Jensen K.F., Oehme F.W., Kurt T.L. Neurotoxicity resulting from coexposure to pyridostigmine bromide, deet, and permethrin: implications of Gulf War chemical exposures. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1996, 48:35-56.
4. Abou-Donia M.B., Goldstein L.B., Dechovskaia A., Bullman S., Jones K.H., Herrick E.A., Abdel-Rahman A.A., Khan W.A. Effects of daily dermal application of DEET and epermethrin, alone and in combination, on sensorimotor performance, blood-brain barrier, and blood-testis barrier in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 2001, 62:523-541.
5. Abu-Qare A.W., Abou-Donia M.B. In vitro metabolism and interactions of pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, and permethrin in human plasma and liver microsomal enzymes. Xenobiotica 2008, 38:294-313.
6. Antwi F.B., Shama L.M., Peterson R.K. Risk assessments for the insect repellents DEET and picaridin. Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 51:31-36.
7. Bell J.W., Veltri J.C., Page B.C. Human exposures to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide insect repellents reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers 1993-1997. Int. J. Toxicol. 2002, 21:341-352.
8. Blomquist L., Thorsell W. Distribution and fate of the insect repellent 14C-N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in the animal body. II. Distribution and excretion after cutaneous application. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1977, 41:235-243.
9. Brand R.M., Jendrzejewski J.L., Henery E.M., Charron A.R. A single oral dose of ethanol can alter transdermal absorption of topically applied chemicals in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 92:349-355.
10. Brand R.M., Jendrzejewski J.L., Charron A.R. Potential mechanisms by which a single drink of alcohol can increase transdermal absorption of topically applied chemicals. Toxicology 2007, 235:141-149.
11. Briassoulis G., Narlioglou M., Hatzis T. Toxic encephalopathy associated with use of DEET insect repellents: a case analysis of its toxicity in children. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2001, 20:8-14.
12. Brown M., Hebert A.A. Insect repellents: an overview. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1997, 36:243-249.
13. Brusick, D. (1976). "Mutagenicity Evaluation of m-DEET". Unpublished study conducted at Litton Bionetics, Inc. under the sponsorship of McLaughlin Gormley King Co.
14. Brusick, D. (1980). "The Effect of DEET (N,N-diethyltoluamide) on the Morphology, Viability, and Count of Sperm in Rats Exposed by Dermal Administration". Unpublished study conducted at Litton Bionetics, Inc. under the sponsorship of McLaughlin Gormley King Co.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2005). "Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals". Atlanta, Georgia.
16. Chapter 2: Pre- and post-travel general health recommendations. CDC Health Information for International Travel 2008, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Elsevier, Philadelphia. P.E. Kozarksky, P.M. Arguin, C. Reed (Eds.).
17. Chaney L.A., Rockhold R.W., Wineman R.W., Hume A.S. Anticonvulsant-resistant seizures following pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Toxicol. Sci. 1999, 49:306-311.
18. Cho T.M., Rose R.L., Hodgson E. The effect of chlorpyrifos-oxon and other xenobiotics on the human cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of naphthalene and deet. Drug Metabol. Drug Interact. 2007, 22:235-262.
19. Statement on personal protective measures to prevent arthropod bites - Update. Can. Commun. Dis. Rep. 2005, 31:1-18. Committee to Advise on Tropical Medicine and Travel (CATMAT).
20. Defense Pest Management Information Analysis Center (DPMIAC) (2002). "Technical Guide No. 36: Personal Protective Measures Against Insects and Other Arthropods of Military Significance", pp. 21-25. Defense Pest Management Information Analysis Center (DPMIAC), Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB), Washington, DC.
21. Dogan E.B., Ayres J.W., Rossignol P.A. Behavioural mode of action of deet: inhibition of lactic acid attraction. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1999, 13:97-100.
22. Domb A.J., Marlinsky A., Maniar M., Teomim L. Insect repellent formulations of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) in a liposphere system: efficacy and skin uptake. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 1995, 11:29-34.
23. Dorman D.C., Buck W.B., Trammel H.L., Jones R.D., Beasley V.R. Fenvalerate/N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet) toxicosis in two cats. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1990, 196:100-102.
24. Feldmann R.J., Maibach H.I. Absorption of some organic compounds through the skin in man. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1970, 54:399-404.
25. Fradin M.S., Day J.F. Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 347:13-18.
26. Goldenthal, E. (1989a). "Evaluation of DEET in a 90-Day Dermal Toxicity Study in Castrated Male Rats". Unpublished study conducted at International Research and Development Corporation under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.
27. Goldenthal, E. (1989b). "Evaluation of DEET in a 90-Day Dose Range Findings Study in Hamsters". Unpublished study conducted at International Research and Development Corporation under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.
28. Goldenthal, E. (1991). "Evaluation of DEET in a 90-Day Subchronic Dermal Toxicity Study in Micropigs®". Unpublished study conducted at International Research and Development Corporation under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.
29. Goldenthal, E. (1992). "Evaluation of DEET in a Multistrain 90-Day Dietary Renal Toxicity Study in Rats". Unpublished study conducted at International Research and Development Corporation under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.
30. Gu X., Kasichayanula S., Fediuk D.J., Burczynski F.J. In-vitro permeation of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and the sunscreen oxybenzone. J Pharm. Pharmacol. 2004, 56:621-628.
31. Gujral I.B., Zielinski-Gutierrez E.C., LeBailly A., Nasci R. Behavioral risks for West Nile virus disease, northern Colorado, 2003. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007, 13:419-425.
32. Hampers L.C., Oker E., Leikin J.B. Topical use of DEET insect repellent as a cause of severe encephalopathy in a healthy adult male. Acad. Emerg. Med. 1999, 6:1295-1297.
33. Hoffmann E.J., Miller J.R. Reassessment of the role and utility of wind in suppression of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) host finding: stimulus dilution supported over flight limitation. J. Med. Entomol. 2003, 40:607-614.
34. Hodgson E., Rose R.L. Metabolic interactions of agrochemicals in humans. Pest Manage. Sci. 2008, 64:617-621.
35. Iscan Y., Hekimoglu S., Sargon M.F., Hincal A.A. DEET-loaded solid lipid particles for skin delivery: In vitro release and skin permeation characteristics in different vehicles. J. Microencapsul. 2006, 23:315-327.
36. Johnson, D. (1987a). "Evaluation of DEET in a 90-Day Oral Dose Range Finding Study in Mice". Unpublished study conducted at International Research and Development Corporation under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.
37. Johnson, D. (1987b). "Evaluation of DEET in a 90-Day Oral Dose Range Finding Study in Rats". Unpublished study conducted at International Research and Development Corporation under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.
38. Johnson, D. (1987c). "Evaluation of DEET in a 90-Day Subchronic Dermal Toxicity Study in Rats". Unpublished study conducted at International Research and Development Corporation under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.
39. Jortner B.S. The return of the dark neuron. A histological artifact complicating contemporary neurotoxicologic evaluation. NeuroToxicology 2006, 27:628-634.
40. Kasichayanula S., House J.D., Wang T., Gu X. Percutaneous characterization of the insect repellent DEET and the sunscreen oxybenzone from topical skin application. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2007, 223:187-194.
41. Kasting G.B., Bhatt V.D., Speaker T.J. Microencapsulation decreases the skin absorption of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Toxicol. in Vitro 2008, 22:548-552.
42. Koren G., Matsui D., Bailey B. DEET-based insect repellents: safety implications for children and pregnant and lactating women. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 2003, 169:209-212.
43. Lamberg S.I., Mulrennan J.A. Bullous reaction to diethyl toluamide (DEET). Resembling a blistering insect eruption. Arch. Dermatol. 1969, 100:582-586.
44. Macko, J., and Bergman, J. (1980). "Phase 4-Inhalation Toxicities of N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (M-Det)". Unpublished study conducted at U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency.
45. Macko, J., and Weeks, M. (1980). "Acute Toxicity Evaluation of N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (M-Det)". Unpublished study conducted at U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency under the sponsorship of S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.
46. Maibach H.I., Johnson H.L. Contact urticaria syndrome. Contact urticaria to diethyltoluamide (immediate-type hypersensitivity). Arch. Dermatol. 1975, 111:726-730.
47. McCain W.C., Lee R., Johnson M.S., Whaley J.E., Ferguson J.W., Beall P., Leach G. Acute oral toxicity study of pyridostigmine bromide, permethrin, and DEET in the laboratory rat. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1997, 50:113-124.
48. Miller J.D. Anaphylaxis associated with insect repellent. N. Engl. J. Med. 1982, 307:1341-1342.
49. Moody R.P., Maibach H.I. Skin decontamination: Importance of the wash-in effect. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2006, 44:1783-1788.
50. Moody R.P., Nadeau B., Chu I. In vitro dermal absorption of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in rat, guinea pig, and human skin. In Vitro Toxicol. 1995, 8:263-275.
51. Moore, G. (2000). "Acute Oral, Dermal and Inhalation Toxicity, Primary Skin and Eye Irritation and Dermal Sensitization Studies with DEET Insect Repellent". Unpublished studies conducted at Product Safety Labs under the sponsorship of Morflex, Inc.
52. Mount M.E., Moller G., Cook J., Holstege D.M., Richardson E.R., Ardans A. Clinical illness associated with a commercial tick and flea product in dogs and cats. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 1991, 33:19-27.
53. Olsson A.O., Baker S.E., Nguyen J.V., Romanoff L.C., Udunka S.O., Walker R.D., Flemmen K.L., Barr D.B. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multiresidue method for quantification of specific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids, selected herbicides, and deet in human urine. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76:2453-2461.
54. Osimitz T.G., Murphy J.V. Neurological effects associated with use of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1997, 35:435-441.
55. Pest Management Regulatory Agency (2002). "Re-evaluation Decision Document: Personal Insect Repellents Containing DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and Related Compounds)". RRD2002-01.
56. Qiu H., Jun H.W., Dzimianski M., McCall J. Reduced transdermal absorption of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide from a new topical insect repellent formulation. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 1997, 2:33-42.
57. Reuveni H., Yagupsky P. Diethyltoluamide-containing insect repellent: adverse effects in worldwide use. Arch. Dermatol. 1982, 118:582-583.
58. Roberts J.R., Reigart J.R. Does anything beat DEET?. Pediatr. Ann. 2004, 33:443-453.
59. Ross E.A., Savage K.A., Utley L.J., Tebbett I.R. Insect repellant interactions: sunscreens enhance deet (n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide) absorption. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2004, 32:783-785.
60. Rowland M., Freeman T., Downey G., Hadi A., Saeed M. DEET mosquito repellent sold through social marketing provides personal protection against malaria in an area of all-night mosquito biting and partial coverage of insecticide-treated nets: a case-control study of effectiveness. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2004, 9:343-350.
61. Roy M.J., Kraus P.L., Seegers C.A., Young S.Y., Kamens D.R., Law W.A., Cherstniakova S.A., Chang D.N., Cooper J.A., Sato P.A., Matulich W., Krantz D.S., Cantilena L.R., Deuster P.A. Pyridostigmine, diethyltoluamide, permethrin, and stress: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess safety. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2006, 81:1303-1310.
62. San, R., and Schadly, M. (1989). "Salmonella/Mammalian-Microsome Plate Incorporation Mutagencity Assay (Ames Test) with a Confirmatory Assay". Unpublished study conducted at Microbiological Associates, Inc. under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.
63. Schardein, J. (1989). "Evaluation of DEET in a Two Generation Reproduction/Fertility Study in Rats". Unpublished study conducted at International Research and Development Corporation under the sponsorship of the DEET Joint Venture/Chemical Manufacturers Association.
64. Schoenig G.P. Locomotor and sensorimotor performance deficit in rats following exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin. Alone and in combination. Toxicol. Sci. 2002, 68:516-517.
65. Schoenig G.P., Hartnagel R.E., Schardein J.L., Vorhees C.V. Neurotoxicity evaluation of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1993, 21:355-365.
66. Schoenig G.P., Neeper-Bradley T.L., Fisher L.C., Hartnagel R.E. Teratologic evaluations of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in rats and rabbits. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1994, 23:63-69.
67. Schoenig G.P., Hartnagel R.E., Osimitz T.G., Llanso S. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of N,N-diethyl-M-toluamide in the rat. Drug Metab. Dispos. 1996, 24:156-163.
68. Schoenig G.P., Osimitz T.G., Gabriel K.L., Hartnagel R., Gill M.W., Goldenthal E.I. Evaluation of the chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Toxicol. Sci. 1999, 47:99-109.
69. Selim S., Hartnagel R.E., Osimitz T.G., Gabriel K.L., Schoenig G.P. Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide following dermal application to human volunteers. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1995, 25:95-100.
70. Smallwood A.W., DeBord K.E., Lowry L.K. N,N′-diethyl-m-toluamide (m-DET): analysis of an insect repellent in human urine and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1992, 16:10-13.
71. Stenbäck, F. (1976). "Testing of Cosmetics, Ingredients of Sunscreen ointments, Insect Repellents, and Detergents on Skin of Mice and Rabbits: Lifespan Studies". Unpublished study conducted at the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases under the sponsorship of Morflex Chemical Co., Inc.
72. Stinecipher J., Shah J. Percutaneous permeation of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) from commercial mosquito repellents and the effect of solvent. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1997, 52:119-135.
73. Swentzel, K. (1978). "Investigation of N-N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide (M-Det) for Dominant Lethal Effects in the Mouse Study". Unpublished study conducted at U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency.
74. Syed Z., Leal W.S. From the cover: Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105:13598-13603.
75. Tenenbein M. Severe toxic reactions and death following the ingestion of diethyltoluamide-containing insect repellents. JAMA 1987, 258:1509-1511.
76. Reregistration Eligibility Decision: DEET". Office of Pesticide Programs 1998, U.S. EPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
77. Usmani K.A., Rose R.L., Goldstein J.A., Taylor W.G., Brimfield A.A., Hodgson E. In vitro human metabolism and interactions of repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2002, 30:289-294.
78. Veltri J.C., Osimitz T.G., Bradford D.C., Page B.C. Retrospective analysis of calls to poison control centers resulting from exposure to the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) from 1985-1989. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1994, 32:1-16.
79. Verschoyle R.D., Brown A.W., Nolan C., Ray D.E., Lister T. A comparison of the acute toxicity, neuropathology, and electrophysiology of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1992, 18:79-88.
80. Weil, C. (1973). "N-N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide Range Finding Toxicity Studies". Unpublished studies conducted at Carnegie-Mellon University under the sponsorship of Union Carbide Corporation.
81. Wright D.M., Hardin B.D., Goad P.W., Chrislip D.W. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1992, 19:33-42.
82. Zeiger E., Anderson B., Haworth S., Lawlor T., Mortelmans K. Salmonella mutagenicity tests: V. Results from the testing of 311 chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen 1992, 19(Suppl 21):2-141.