Engineering the rabbit digestive ecosystem to improve digestive health and efficacy

Animal

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1429-1439

  Combes, S ^a,b   Fortun Lamothe, L ^a,b   Cauquil, L ^a,b   Gidenne, T ^a,b  

^a CEMAGREF   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE   (France)

Author keywords

digestive efficacy; digestive health; implantation; microbiota; rabbit

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; PREBIOTIC AGENT; PROBIOTIC AGENT;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; DIGESTIVE FUNCTION; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; DRUG EFFECT; IMMUNOLOGY; METAGENOME; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RABBIT; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; METAGENOME; PREBIOTICS; PROBIOTICS; RABBITS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 84881651464     PISSN: 17517311     EISSN: 1751732X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1751731113001079     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. Abecia L, Fondevila M, Balcells J and McEwan NR 2007a. The effect of lactating rabbit does on the development of the caecal microbial community in the pups they nurture. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103, 557-564.
2. Abecia L, Fondevila M, Balcells J, Lobley GE and McEwan NR 2007b. The effect of medicated diets and level of feeding on caecal microbiota of lactating rabbit does. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103, 787-793.
3. Abecia L, Fondevila M, Balcells J, Edwards JE, Newbold CJ and McEwan NR 2005. Molecular profiling of bacterial species in the rabbit caecum. FEMS Microbiology Letters 244, 111-115.
4. Abecia L, Fondevila M, Balcells J, Edwards JE, Newbold CJ and McEwan NR 2007c. Effect of antibiotics on the bacterial population of the rabbit caecum. FEMS Microbiology Letters 272, 144-153.
5. Amber KH 2004. Effect of feeding diets containing yucca extract or probiotic on growth, digestibility, nitrogen balance and caecal microbial activity of growing New Zealand white rabbits, 8th World Rabbit Congress, Puebla, Mexico.
6. Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A, Semenkovich CF and Gordon JI 2004. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101, pp. 15718-15723.
7. Badiola I, Perez de Rozas AM, Roca M, Carabañ o R, Gomez M, Garcia J and Blas Cd 2004. Characterization of the microbial diversity of rabbit intestinal tract by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Pueblo, Mexico.
8. Barton MD 2000. Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human health. Nutrition Research Reviews 13, 279-299.
9. Belenguer A, Fondevila M, Balcells J, Abecia L, Lachica M and Carro MD 2011. Methanogenesis in rabbit caecum as affected by the fermentation pattern: in vitro and in vivo measurements. World Rabbit Science 19, 75-83.
10. Bellier R, Gidenne T, Vernay M and Colin M 1995. In-vivo study of circadian variations of the cecal fermentation pattern in postweaned and adult-rabbits. Journal of Animal Science 73, 128-135.
11. Bennegadi N, Fonty G, Millet L, Gidenne T and Licois D 2003. Effects of age and dietary fibre level on caecal microbial communities of conventional and specific pathogen-free rabbits. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 5, 23-32.
12. Berg D 1996. The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora. Trends in Microbiology 4, 430-435.
13. Boadi D, Benchaar C, Chiquette J and Masse D 2004. Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, 319-335.
14. Bonai A, Szendro Z, Matics Z, Febel H, Posa R, Tornyos G, Horn P, Kovacs F and Kovacs M 2008. Effect of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on caecal microflora and fermentation in rabbits, 9th World Rabbit Congress, Verona, Italy, pp. 561-566.
15. Bó nai A, Szendrõ Z, Matics Z, Febel H, Kametler L, Tornyos G, Horn P, Ková cs F and Ková cs M 2010. Effect of inulin supplementation and age on growth performance and digestive physiological parameters in weaned rabbits. World Rabbit Science 18, 121-129.
16. Bó nai A, Dalle Zotte A, Kametler L, Vá ntus V, Morsy WA, Matics Z, Dal Bosco A, Szendrö Z and Ková cs M 2012. Dietary supplementation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Part 2-effect on gastrointestinal growth, caecal microbiota and fermentation in rabbits, 10th World Rabbit Congress, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, pp. 707-711.
17. Boulahrouf A, Fonty G and Gouet P 1991. Establishment, counts and identification of the fibrolytic bacteria in the digestive tract of rabbit. Influence of feed cellulose content. Current Microbiology 22, 1-25.
18. Carabañ o R, Piquer J, Menoyo D and Badiola I 2010. The digestive system of the rabbit. In Nutrition of the rabbit (ed. C De Blas and J Wiseman), pp. 1-18. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
19. Carabañ o R, Villamide MJ, Garcia J, Nicodemus N, Llorente A, Chamorro S, Menoyo D, Garcia-Rebollar P, Garcia-Ruiz AI and De Blas JC 2009. New concepts and objectives for protein-amino acid nutrition in rabbits: a review.World Rabbit Science 17, 1-14.
20. Chamorro S, Gomez-Conde MS, Perez de Rozas AM, Carabañ o R and De Blas JC 2007. Effect on digestion and performance of dietary protein content and of increased substitution of lucerne hay with soya-bean protein concentrate in starter diets for young rabbits. Animal 1, 651-659.
21. Chamorro S, de Blas C, Grant G, Badiola I, Menoyo D and Carabañ o R 2010.Effect of dietary supplementation with glutamine and a combination of glutamine-arginine on intestinal health in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. Journal of Animal Science 88, 170-180.
22. Chevance A and Moulin G 2012. Suivi des ventes de mé dicaments vé té rinaires contenant des antibiotiques en France en 2011. Ministè re de l'Agriculture de l'Alimentation de la Pê che et des Affaires Rurales, p. 38. Anses-ANMV, Maisons-Alfort, France. http://www.anses.fr/Documents/ANMV-Ra-Antibiotiques 2011.pdf
23. Combes S, Cauquil L and Gidenne T 2008. Impact of an exclusive milk vs milk and dry feed intake till weaning on intake, growth, and on the caecal biociversity and fibrolytic activity of the young rabbit,9th World Rabbit Congress, Verona, Italy, pp. 607-611.
24. Combes S, Michelland RJ, Monteils V, Cauquil L, Soulie V, Tran NU, Gidenne T and Fortun-Lamothe L 2011. Postnatal development of the rabbit caecal microbiota composition and activity. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 77, 680-689.
25. Corrigan A, Horgan K, Clipson N and Murphy RA 2011. Effect of dietary supplementation with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan oligosaccharide on the bacterial community structure of broiler cecal contents. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, 6653-6662.
26. Corthier G 2011. Bonnes bacté ries et bonne santé. Quae, Versailles, France.
27. Coudert P, Licois D and Besnard J 1988. Establishment of a specified pathogen free breeding colony (SPF) without hysterectomy and hand-rearing procedures, Proceedings of the 4th Congress of WRSA, Budapest, pp. 137-148.
28. Curtis TP and Sloan WT 2004. Prokaryotic diversity and its limits: microbial community structure in nature and implications for microbial ecology. Current Opinion in Microbiology 7, 221-226.
29. Ducluzeau R 1969. Influence de l'espè ce zoologique sur la microflore du tractus digestif. Revue d'Immunologie 33, 345-384.
30. Emaldi O, Crociani F, Matteuzzi D and Proto V 1978. A note on the total viable counts and selective enumeration of anaerobic bacteria in the caecal contents, soft and hard faeces of rabbit. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 46, 169-172.
31. Falcao-e-Cunha L, Castro-Solla L, Maertens L, Marounek M, Pinheiro V, Freire J and Mourao JL 2007. Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in rabbit feeding: a review. World Rabbit Science 15, 127-140.
32. Fonty G and Gouet P 1989. Fibre-degradating microorganisms in the monogastric digestive tract. Animal Feed Science and Technology 23, 91-107.
33. Fonty G and Chaucheyras-Durand F 2007. Les é cosystèmes digestifs. Lavoisier (Tec & Doc), Paris, France.
34. Fonty G, Gouet P and Riou Y 1979. Effect of milk composition on the gastrointestinal microflora of the rabbit. Annales de Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique 19, 567-571.
35. Forsythe SJ and Parker DS 1985. Nitrogen metabolism by the microbial flora of the rabbit. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 58, 363-369.
36. Fortun-Lamothe L and Gidenne T 2000. The effects of size of suckled litter on intake behaviour, performance and health status of young and reproducing rabbits. Annales de Zootechnie 49, 517-529.
37. Fortun-Lamothe L and Boullier S 2007. A review on the interactions between gut microflora and digestive mucosal immunity. Possible ways to improve the health of rabbits. Livestock Science 107, 1-18.
38. Franz R, Soliva CR, Kreuzer M, Hummel J and ClaussM2011. Methane output of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) fed a hay-only diet: implications for the scaling of methane production with body mass in nonruminant mammalian herbivores. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 158, 177-181.
39. Gallois M, Gidenne T, Fortun-Lamothe L, Le Huerou-Luron I and Lallè s JP 2005. An early stimulation of solid feed intake slightly influences the morphological gut maturation in the rabbit. Reproduction Nutrition Development 45, 109-122.
40. Garcia AI, de Blas JC and Carabano R 2004. Effect of type of diet (casein-based or protein-free) and caecotrophy on ileal endogenous nitrogen and amino acid flow in rabbits. Animal Science 79, 231-240.
41. Garća J, Gidenne T, Falcao-e-Cunhac L and Blas Cd 2002. Identification of the main factors that influence caecal fermentation traits in growing rabbits. Animal Research 51, 165-173.
42. Gibson G and Roberfroid M 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. The Journal of Nutrition 125, 1401-1412.
43. Gidenne T 1992. Effect of fibre level, particle size and adaptation period on digestibility and rate of passage as measured at the ileum and in the faeces in the adult rabbit. British Journal of Nutrition 67, 133-146.
44. Gidenne T 1994. Estimation of volatile fatty acids and of their energetic supply in the rabbit caecum: effect of the dietary fibre level, VIème Journé es de la Recherche Cunicole, Paris, pp. 293-299.
45. Gidenne T 2003. Fibres in rabbit feeding for digestive troubles prevention: respective role of low-digested and digestible fibre. Livestock Production Science 81, 105-117.
46. Gidenne T and Lebas F 2006. Feeding behaviour in rabbits. In Feeding in domestic vertebrates. From structure to behaviour (ed. V Bels), pp. 179-209. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
47. Gidenne T and Feugier A 2009. Feed restriction strategy in the growing rabbit. 1. Impact on digestion, rate of passage and microbial activity. Animal 3, 501-508.
48. Gidenne T, Pinheiro V and Falcao E Cunha L 2000. A comprehensive approach of the rabbit digestion: consequences of a reduction in dietary fibre supply. Livestock Production Science 64, 225-237.
49. Gidenne T, Lebas F and Fortun-Lamothe L 2010a. Feeding behaviour of rabbits. In Nutrition of the rabbit (ed. C De Blas and J Wiseman), pp. 233-252. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
50. Gidenne T, Combes S and Fortun-Lamothe L 2012. Feed intake limitation strategies for the growing rabbit: effect on feeding behaviour, welfare, performance, digestive physiology and health: a review. Animal 6, 1407-1419.
51. Gidenne T, Jehl N, Lapanouse A and Segura M 2004a. Inter-relationship of microbial activity, digestion and gut health in the rabbit: effect of substituting fibre by starch in diets having a high proportion of rapidly fermentable polysaccharides. British Journal of Nutrition 92, 95-104.
52. Gidenne T, Carabano R, Garcia J and Blas CD 2010b. Fiber digestion. In Nutrition of the rabbit (ed. C De Blas and J Wiseman), pp. 179-199. CABI,Wallingford, UK.
53. Gidenne T, Garcia J, Lebas F and Licois D 2010c. Nutrition and feeding strategy: interactions with pathology. In Nutrition of the rabbit (ed. C De Blas and J Wiseman), pp. 179-199. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
54. Gidenne T, Bennegadi-Laurent N, Bayourthe C, Monteils V and Fonty G 2006.Post-weaning maturation of rabbit caecal microbial communities: impact of live yeast intake, Vth Joint RRI-INRA Conference Gut Microbiology, Aberdeen, Scotland.
55. Gidenne T, Combes S, Licois D, Carabañ o R, Badiola I and Garcia J 2008. Ecosystème caecal et nutrition du lapin: interactions avec la santé digestive. INRA Productions Animales 21, 239-250.
56. Gidenne T, Mirabito L, Jehl N, Perez JM, Arveux P, Bourdillon A, Briens C, Duperray J and Corrent E 2004b. Impact of replacing starch by digestible fibre, at two levels of lignocellulose, on digestion, growth and digestive health of the rabbit. Animal Science 78, 389-398.
57. Gómez-Conde MS, de Rozas AP, Badiola I, Pérez-Alba L, De Blas C, Carabaño R and Garća J 2009. Effect of neutral detergent soluble fibre on digestion, intestinal microbiota and performance in twenty five day old weaned rabbits. Livestock Science 125, 192-198.
58. Gómez-Conde MS, Garcia J, Chamorro S, Eiras P, Rebollar PG, Perez de Rozas A, Badiola I, de Blas C and Carabañ o R 2007. Neutral detergent-soluble fiber improves gut barrier function in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. Journal of Animal Science 85, 3313-3321.
59. Gouet P and Fonty G 1973. Evolution de la microflore digestive du lapin holoxé nique de la naissance au sevrage. Annales de Biologie Animale, Biochimie, Biophysique 13, 733-735.
60. Gouet P and Fonty G 1979. Changes in the digestive microflora of holoxenic rabbits from birth until adullthood. Annales de Biologie Animale, Biochimie, Biophysique 19, 553-566.
61. Guarner F and Malagelada J-R 2003. Gut flora in health and disease. The Lancet 361, 512-519.
62. Hanson NB and Lanning DK 2008. Microbial induction of B and T cell areas in rabbit appendix. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 32, 980-991.
63. Heczko U, Abe A and Finlay BB 2000. Segmented filamentous bacteria prevent colonization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O103 in rabbits. Journal of Infectious Diseases 181, 1027-1033.
64. Jimenez E, Maŕn ML, Mart́n R, Odriozola JM, Olivares M, Xaus J, Ferná ndez L and Rodŕguez JM 2008Is meconium from healthy newborns actually sterile Research in Microbiology 159, 187-193.
65. Jones WJ, Nagle DP and Whitman WB 1987. Methanogens and the diversity of archaebacteria. Microbiological Reviews 51, 135-177.
66. Kim GB, Seo YM, Kim CH and Paik IK 2011. Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. Poultry Science 90, 75-82.
67. Kimsé M, Bayourthe C, Monteils V, Fortun-Lamothe L, Cauquil L, Combes S and Gidenne T 2012. Live yeast stability in rabbit digestive tract: Consequences on the caecal ecosystem, digestion, growth and digestive health. Animal Feed Science and Technology 173, 235-243.
68. Koenig JE, Spor A, Scalfone N, Fricker AD, Stombaugh J, Knight R, Angenent LT and Ley RE 2011. Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, pp. 4578-4585.
69. Kovács M, Szendrõ Z, Milisits G, Biro-Nemeth E, Radnai I, Posa R, Bónai A, Kovács F and Horn P 2006. Effect of nursing method and faeces consumption on the development of bacetroides, lactobacillus and coliform flora in the caecum of the newborn rabbits. Reproduction Nutrition Development 46, 205-210.
70. Kovács M, Bónai A, Szendro Z, Milisits G, Lukács H, Szabó-Fodor J, Tornyos G, Matics Z, Kovács F and Horn P 2012. Effect of different weaning ages (21, 28 or 35 days) on production, growth and certain parameters of the digestive tract in rabbits. Animal 6, 894-901.
71. Kusar D and Avgustin G 2010. Molecular profiling and identification of methanogenic archaeal species from rabbit caecum. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 74, 623-630.
72. Lamendella R, VerBerkmoes N and Jansson JK 2012. 'Omics' of the mammalian gut-new insights into function. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 23, 491-500.
73. Lanning D, Zhu X, Zhai S-K and Knight KL 2000. Development of the antibody repertoire in rabbit: gut-associated lymphoid tissue, microbes, and selection. Immunological Reviews 175, 214-228.
74. Ley RE, Turnbaugh P, Klein S and Gordon JI 2006. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 444, 1022-1023.
75. Ley RE, Backhed F, Turnbaugh P, Lozupone CA, Knight RD and Gordon JI 2005. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 102, pp. 11070-11075.
76. Mackie RI 2002. Mutualistic fermentative digestion in the gastrointestinal tract: diversity and evolution. Integrative and Comparative Biology 42, 319-326.
77. Mackie RI, Sghir A and Gaskins HR 1999. Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 1035S-1045S.
78. Mage RG, Lanning D and Knight KL 2006. B cell and antibody repertoire development in rabbits: the requirement of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 30, 137-153.
79. Marounek M, Fievez V, Mbanzamihigo L, Demeyer D and Maertens L 1999. Age and incubation time effects on in vitro caecal fermentation pattern in rabbits before and after weaning. Archives of Animal Nutrition 52, 195-201.
80. Martignon MH, Combes S and Gidenne T 2010a. Digestive physiology and hindgut bacterial community of the young rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): effects of age and short-term intake limitation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 156, 156-162.
81. Martignon MH, Reperant E and Valat C 2010b. Digestive response of young rabbits to an experimental reproduction of colibacillosis according to two feeding strategies, The Prato Conference on the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Diseases of Animals, Monash Prato Campus, Prato, Italy.
82. Massip K, Combes S, Cauquil L, Zemb O and Gidenne T 2012. High throughput 16S-DNA sequencing for phylogenetic affiliation of the caecal bacterial community in the rabbit-impact of the hygiene of housing and of the intake level, VIIIth INRA-RRI Symposium on Gut Microbiology. Gut microbiota: friend or foe Clermont-Ferrand, France, p. 57.
83. Michelland RJ, Combes S, Monteils V, Cauquil L, Gidenne T and Fortun-Lamothe L 2010a. Molecular analysis of the bacterial community in digestive tract of rabbit. Anaerobe 16, 61-65.
84. Michelland RJ, Monteils V, Combes S, Cauquil L, Gidenne T and Fortun-Lamothe L 2010b. Comparison of the archaeal community in the fermentative compartment and faeces of the cow and the rabbit. Anaerobe 16, 396-401.
85. Michelland R, Combes S, Monteils V, Cauquil L, Gidenne T and Fortun-Lamothe L 2011. Rapid adaptation of the bacterial community in the growing rabbit cæcum after a change of dietary fibre supply. Animal 5, 1761-1768.
86. Michelland R, Combes S, Monteils V, bayourthe C, Cauquil L, Enjalbert F, Julien C, kimsé M, Troegeler-Meynadier A, Zened A, Gidenne T and Fortun-Lamothe L 2012.
87. Moncomble AS, Quennedey B, Coureaud G, Langlois D, Perrier G and Schaal B 2004. Newborn rabbit attraction toward maternal faecal pellets, International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, 37th Annual Meeting, Aix-en-Provence, France, p. 277.
88. Monteils V, Cauquil L, Combes S, Godon J-J and Gidenne T 2008. Potential core species and satellite species in the bacterial community within the rabbit caecum. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 66, 620-629.
89. Mourao JL, Pinheiro V, Alves A, Guedes CM, Pinto L, Saavedra MJ, Spring P and Kocher A 2006. Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the performance, intestinal morphology and cecal fermentation of fattening rabbits. Animal Feed Science and Technology 126, 107-120.
90. Mulder I, Schmidt B, Stokes C, Lewis M, Bailey M, Aminov R, Prosser J, Gill B, Pluske J, Mayer C-D, Musk C and Kelly D 2009. Environmentally-acquired bacteria influence microbial diversity and natural innate immune responses at gut surfaces. BMC Biology 7, 79.
91. Okada H, Kuhn C, Feillet H and Bach JF 2010. The 'hygiene hypothesis' for autoimmune and allergic diseases: an update. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 160, 1-9.
92. Oyofo B, DeLoach J, Corrier D, Norman J, Ziprin R and Mollenhauer H 1989. Prevention of Salmonella typhimurium colonization of broilers with D-mannose. Poultry Science 68, 1357-1360.
93. Padilha MTS, Licois D and Coudert P 1996. Frequency of the carriage and enumeration of Escherichia coli in caecal content of 15 to 49 day old rabbits, 6th World Rabbit Congress, Toulouse, France, pp. 99-102.
94. Padilha MTS, Licois D, Gidenne T and Carré B 1999. Caecal microflora and fermentation pattern in exclusively milk-fed young rabbits. Reproduction Nutrition Development 39, 223-230.
95. Padilha MTS, Licois D, Gidenne T, Carré B and Fonty G 1995. Relationships between microflora and caecal fermentation in rabbits before and after weaning. Reproduction Nutrition Development 35, 375-386.
96. Palmer C, Bik EM, DiGiulio DB, Relman DA and Brown PO 2007. Development of the human infant intestinal microbiota. PLoS Biol 5, e177.
97. Pascual JJ, Moya VJ, Martinez E, Calvo MA, Adelantado C, Jimenez G, Blanch A and Castillo M 2008. Effects of dietary inclusion of Toyocerin (Bacillus cereus var. toyoi) on performance, health and faecal nitrogen excretion in growing rabbits, 9th World Rabbit Congress, Verona, Italy, pp. 781-785.
98. Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, Stelma FF, Snijders B, Kummeling I, van den Brandt PA and Stobberingh EE 2006. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 118, 511-521.
99. Perez JM, Gidenne T, Bouvarel I, Arveux P, Bourdillon A, Briens C, Le Naour J, Messager B and Mirabito L 2000. Replacement of digestible fibre by starch in the diet of the growing rabbit II. Effects on performances and mortality by diarrhoea. Annales de Zootechnie 49, 369-377.
100. Rhee K-J, Sethupathi P, Driks A, Lanning DK and Knight KL 2004. Role of commensal bacteria in development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and preimmune antibody repertoire. The Journal of Immunology 172, 1118-1124.
101. Rodriguez-Romero N, Abecia L, Balcells J, Martinez B and Fondevila M 2009.Comparison of bacterial profile from caecal content and caecotrophes in growing rabbits fed on two levels of indigestible fibre, XXXIX Jornadas de Estudio, XIII Jornadas sobre Produccion Animal, Zaragoza, Espana, pp. 784-786.
102. Severson KM, Mallozzi M, Driks A and Knight KL 2010. B cell development in GALT: role of bacterial superantigen-like molecules. The Journal of Immunology 184, 6782-6789.
103. Sommer MOA and Dantas G 2011. Antibiotics and the resistant microbiome. Current Opinion in Microbiology 14, 556-563.
104. Stappenbeck TS, Hooper LV and Gordon JI 2002. Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99, pp. 15451-15455.
105. Stewart JA, Chadwick VS and Murray A 2006. Carriage, quantification, and predominance of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in faecal samples. Letters in Applied Microbiology 43, 58-63.
106. Thompson CL and Holmes AJ 2009. A window of environmental dependence is evident in multiple phylogenetically distinct subgroups in the faecal community of piglets. FEMS Microbiology Letters 290, 91-97.
107. Thompson CL, Wang B and Holmes AJ 2008. The immediate environment during postnatal development has long-term impact on gut community structure in pigs. The ISME Journal 2, 739-748.
108. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER and Gordon JI 2006. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444, 1027-1131.
109. Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley RE, Sogin ML, Jones WJ, Roe BA, Affourtit JP, Egholm M, Henrissat B, Heath AC, Knight R and Gordon JI 2009. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 457, 480-484.
110. Vanhoutte T, Huys G, De Brandt E and Swings J 2004. Temporal stability analysis of the microbiota in human feces by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis using universal and group specific 16S rRNA primers. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 48, 437-446.
111. Vermorel M 1995. Emissions annuelles de mé thane d'origine digestive par les bovins en France. Variations selon le type d'animal et le niveau de production. INRA Productions Animales 8, 265-272.
112. Villamide MJ, Nicodemus N, Fraga MJ and Carabano R 2010. Protein digestion. In Nutrition of the rabbit (ed. C De Blas and J Wiseman), pp. 39-55. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
113. Willing BP, Russell SL and Finlay BB 2011. Shifting the balance: antibiotic effects on host-microbiota mutualism. Nature Reviews Microbiology 9, 233-243.
114. Yang HJ, Cao YC and Zhang DF 2010. Caecal fermentation patterns in vitro of glucose, cellobiose, microcrystalline cellulose and NDF separated from alfalfa hay in the adult rabbit. Animal Feed Science and Technology 162, 149-154.
115. Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Baldassano RN, Anokhin AP, Heath AC, Warner B, Reeder J, Kuczynski J, Caporaso JG, Lozupone CA, Lauber C, Clemente JC, Knights D, Knight R and Gordon JI 2012. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature 486, 222-227.
116. Zdunczyk P, Matusevicius P, Juskiewicz J, Jeroch H, Jankowski J and Zdunczyk Z 2011. Gastrointestinal tract response to dietary probiotic (Bacillus cereus vartoyoi) and phytogenic preparation containing herbs, and spices and essential oils in growing White New Zealand rabbits. Archiv für Geflü gelkunde 75, 125-131.
117. Zierdt CH, Detlefson C, Muller J and Waggie KS 1988. Cyniclomyces guttulatus (Saccharomycopsis guttulata)-culture, ultrastructure and physiology. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 54, 357-366.
118. Zoetendal EG, Akkermans ADL and De Vos WM 1998. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA from human fecal samples reveals stable and host-specific communities of active bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 3854-3859.
119. Zoetendal EG, von Wright A, Vilpponen-Salmela T, Ben-Amor K, Akkermans ADL and de Vos WM 2002. Mucosa-associated bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract are uniformly distributed along the colon and differ from the community recovered from feces. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 3401-3407.