Immune alterations and immunotherapy prospects in head and neck cancer

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

Volumn 13, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1241-1256

  Varilla, Vincent ^a   Atienza, Jonessa ^a   Dasanu, Constantin A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HEALTH CENTER   (United States)

^b SAINT FRANCIS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cytokine; Head and neck squamous cell cancer; Immune alteration; Immunotherapy; T cell

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT; CETUXIMAB; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4 ANTIBODY; DENDRITIC CELL VACCINE; DNA VACCINE; FLUOROURACIL; GAMMA INTERFERON; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 2; IPILIMUMAB; IRX 2; NATURAL KILLER CELL RECEPTOR NKG2D; NIVOLUMAB; PEPTIDE VACCINE; THYMOSTIMULIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 10; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 6; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; ADVANCED CANCER; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; CANCER IMMUNIZATION; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DENDRITIC CELL; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HELPER CELL; HLA SYSTEM; HUMAN; HYPOPHARYNX CANCER; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE; INNATE IMMUNITY; LOW DRUG DOSE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MOUTH SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); NATURAL KILLER CELL; OROPHARYNX CANCER; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE; TH17 CELL; TH2 CELL; TONGUE CARCINOMA; TUMOR ASSOCIATED LEUKOCYTE; TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT;

EID: 84881539749     PISSN: 14712598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.810716     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Albers AE, Strauss L, Liao T, et al. T cell-tumor interaction directs the development of immunotherapies in head and neck cancer. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010: 236378
2. Cognetti DM, Weber RS, Lai SY. Head and neck cancer: an evolving treatment paradigm. Cancer 2008; 113(7 Suppl): 1911-32
3. St John MA, Abemayor E, Wong DT. Recent new approaches to the treatment of head and neck cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2006; 17(4): 365-75 (Pubitemid 44309978)
4. Duray A, Demoulin S, Hubert P, et al. Immune suppression in head and neck cancers: a review. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010: 701657
5. Grandis JR, Pietenpol JA, Greenberger JS, et al. Head and neck cancer: meeting summary and research opportunities. Cancer Res 2004; 64(21): 8126-9 (Pubitemid 39446952)
6. Alhamarneh O, Amarnath SM, Stafford ND, Greenman J. Regulatory T cells: what role do they play in antitumor immunity in patients with head and neck cancer? Head Neck 2008; 30(2): 251-61 (Pubitemid 351251710)
7. Whiteside TL. Anti-tumor vaccines in head and neck cancer: targeting immune responses to the tumor. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2007; 7(7): 633-42 (Pubitemid 350074966)
8. Kesselring R, Thiel A, Pries R, Wollenberg B. The number of CD161 positive Th17 cells are decreased in head and neck cancer patients. Cell Immunol 2011; 269(2): 74-7
9. Lang K, Menzin J, Earle CC, et al. The economic cost of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck: findings from linked SEER-Medicare data. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004; 130(11): 1269-75 (Pubitemid 39532259)
10. Costello RT, Gastaut JA, Olive D. Tumor escape from immune surveillance. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 1999; 47(2): 83-8
11. Whiteside TL. Tumor-induced death of immune cells: its mechanisms and consequences. Semin Cancer Biol 2002; 12(1): 43-50 (Pubitemid 34087897)
12. Hoskin DW, Mader JS, Furlong SJ, et al. Inhibition of T cell and natural killer cell function by adenosine and its contribution to immune evasion by tumor cells (Review). Int J Oncol 2008; 32(3): 527-35 (Pubitemid 351330458)
13. Badoual C, Sandoval F, Pere H, et al. Better understanding tumor-host interaction in head and neck cancer to improve the design and development of immunotherapeutic strategies. Head Neck 2010; 32(7): 946-58
14. Young MR. Protective mechanisms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas from immune assault. Head Neck 2006; 28(5): 462-70 (Pubitemid 43673082)
15. Ferris RL, Hunt JL, Ferrone S. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I defects in head and neck cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. Immunol Res 2005; 33(2): 113-33 (Pubitemid 41457464)
16. Albers A, Abe K, Hunt J, et al. Antitumor activity of human papillomavirus type 16 E7-specific T cells against virally infected squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Res 2005; 65(23): 11146-55 (Pubitemid 41713386)
17. Lopez-Albaitero A, Nayak JV, Ogino T, et al. Role of antigen-processing machinery in the in vitro resistance of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cells to recognition by CTL. J Immunol 2006; 176(6): 3402-9 (Pubitemid 43363987)
18. Hathaway B, Landsittel DP, Gooding W, et al. Multiplexed analysis of serum cytokines as biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck patients. Laryngoscope 2005; 115(3): 522-7 (Pubitemid 40328005)
19. Whiteside TL. Immunobiology of head and neck cancer. Cancer Met Rev 2005; 24(1): 95-105 (Pubitemid 40576066)
20. Hoffmann TK, Dworacki G, Tsukihiro T, et al. Spontaneous apoptosis of circulating T lymphocytes in patients with head and neck cancer and its clinical importance. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8(8): 2553-62 (Pubitemid 34856339)
21. Chikamatsu K, Sakakura K, Whiteside TL, Furuya N. Relationships between regulatory T cells and CD8+ effector populations in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2007; 29(2): 120-7 (Pubitemid 46167778)
22. Schott AK, Pries R, Wollenberg B. Permanent up-regulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes in patients with head and neck cancer. Int J Mol Med 2010; 26(1): 67-75
23. Douglas WG, Tracy E, Tan D, et al. Development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with altered cytokine responsiveness. Mol Cancer Res 2004; 2(10): 585-93 (Pubitemid 39403387)
24. Dasanu CA, Sethi N, Ahmed N. Immune alterations and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches in lung cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12(7): 923-37
25. Kerrebijn JD, Simons PJ, Balm AJ, et al. Thymostimulin enhancement of T-cell infiltration into head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 1996; 18(4): 335-42 (Pubitemid 26177707)
26. De Costa AM, Schuyler CA, Walker DD, Young MR. Characterization of the evolution of immune phenotype during the development and progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Immunol Immunoth 2012; 61(6): 927-39
27. Bose A, Chakraborty T, Chakraborty K, et al. Dysregulation in immune functions is reflected in tumor cell cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Cancer Immun 2008; 8: 10
28. Jewett A, Head C, Cacalano NA. Emerging mechanisms of immunosuppression in oral cancers. J Dent Res 2006; 85(12): 1061-73 (Pubitemid 44935523)
29. Kross KW, Heimdal JH, Aarstad HJ. Mononuclear phagocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 267(3): 335-44
30. Badoual C, Bouchaud G, Agueznay Nel H, et al. The soluble alpha chain of interleukin-15 receptor: a proinflammatory molecule associated with tumor progression in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68(10): 3907-14
31. Antoniou AN, Powis SJ, Elliott T. Assembly and export of MHC class I peptide ligands. Curr Opin Immunol 2003; 15(1): 75-81
32. Tourkova IL, Shurin GV, Chatta GS, et al. Restoration by IL-15 of MHC class I antigen-processing machinery in human dendritic cells inhibited by tumor-derived gangliosides. J Immunol 2005; 175(5): 3045-52 (Pubitemid 41170523)
33. Thurlow JK, Pena Murillo CL, Hunter KD, et al. Spectral clustering of microarray data elucidates the roles of microenvironment remodeling and immune responses in survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28(17): 2881-8
34. Kong CS, Narasimhan B, Cao H, et al. The relationship between human papillomavirus status and other molecular prognostic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74(2): 553-61
35. Badoual C, Hans S, Merillon N, et al. PD-1-Expressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73(1): 128-38
36. Gillison ML, Koch WM, Capone RB, et al. Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92(9): 709-20 (Pubitemid 30365531)
37. Worden FP, Kumar B, Lee JS, et al. Chemoselection as a strategy for organ preservation in advanced oropharynx cancer: response and survival positively associated with HPV16 copy number. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(19): 3138-46
38. Young MR, Wright MA, Lozano Y, et al. Mechanisms of immune suppression in patients with head and neck cancer: influence on the immune infiltrate of the cancer. Int J Cancer 1996; 67(3): 333-8 (Pubitemid 26274122)
39. Gastman BR, Atarshi Y, Reichert TE, et al. Fas ligand is expressed on human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and it promotes apoptosis of T lymphocytes. Cancer Res 1999; 59(20): 5356-64 (Pubitemid 29504005)
40. Kassouf N, Thornhill MH. Oral cancer cell lines can use multiple ligands, including Fas-L, TRAIL and TNF-alpha, to induce apoptosis in Jurkat T cells: possible mechanisms for immune escape by head and neck cancers. Oral Oncol 2008; 44(7): 672-82 (Pubitemid 351842819)
41. Bergmann C, Strauss L, Wieckowski E, et al. Tumor-derived microvesicles in sera of patients with head and neck cancer and their role in tumor progression. Head Neck 2009; 31(3): 371-80
42. Kim JW, Wieckowski E, Taylor DD, et al. Fas ligand-positive membranous vesicles isolated from sera of patients with oral cancer induce apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11(3): 1010-20 (Pubitemid 40175748)
43. Hoffmann TK, Bier H, Whiteside TL. Targeting the immune system: novel therapeutic approaches in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Immunol Immunot 2004; 53(12): 1055-67 (Pubitemid 39506395)
44. Reichert TE, Rabinowich H, Johnson JT, Whiteside TL. Mechanisms responsible for signaling and functional defects. J Immunot 1998; 21(4): 295-306 (Pubitemid 28328409)
45. Loose D, Signore A, Bonanno E, et al. Prognostic value of CD25 expression on lymphocytes and tumor cells in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2008; 23(1): 25-33 (Pubitemid 351304209)
46. Bron L, Jandus C, Andrejevic-Blant S, et al. Prognostic value of arginase-II expression and regulatory T-cell infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 132(3): E85-93
47. Badoual C, Hans S, Rodriguez J, et al. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T-cell subpopulations in head and neck cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12(2): 465-72 (Pubitemid 43166137)
48. Chikamatsu K, Sakakura K, Yamamoto T, et al. CD4+ T helper responses in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2008; 44(9): 870-7
49. Strauss L, Bergmann C, Szczepanski M, et al. A unique subset of CD4+ CD25highFoxp3+ T cells secreting interleukin-10
50. and transforming growth factor-beta1 mediates suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13(15 Pt 1): 4345-54
51. Bergmann C, Strauss L, Wang Y, et al. T regulatory type 1 cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: mechanisms of suppression and expansion in advanced disease. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14(12): 3706-15
52. Liang YJ, Liu HC, Su YX, et al. Foxp3 expressed by tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells correlates with clinicopathologic features and overall survival in tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol 2011; 47(7): 566-70
53. Wild CA, Brandau S, Lotfi R, et al. HMGB1 is overexpressed in tumor cells and promotes activity of regulatory T cells in patients with head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2012; 48(5): 409-16
54. Wild CA, Brandau S, Lindemann M, et al. Toll-like receptors in regulatory T cells of patients with head and neck cancer. Arch otolaryngol Head Neck surg 2010; 136(12): 1253-9
55. Strauss L, Bergmann C, Gooding W, et al. The frequency and suppressor function of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells in the circulation of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13(21): 6301-11 (Pubitemid 350075018)
56. Alhamarneh O, Agada F, Madden L, et al. Serum IL10 and circulating CD4(+) CD25(high) regulatory T cell numbers as predictors of clinical outcome and survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2011; 33(3): 415-23
57. Schuler PJ, Borger V, Bolke E, et al. Dendritic cell generation and CD4+ CD25high FOXP3+ regulatory t cells in human head and neck carcinoma during radio-chemotherapy. Eur J Med Res 2011; 16(2): 57-62
58. Boucek J, Mrkvan T, Chovanec M, et al. Regulatory T cells and their prognostic value for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14(1-2): 426-33
59. Molling JW, Langius JA, Langendijk JA, et al. Low levels of circulating invariant natural killer T cells predict poor clinical outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(7): 862-8 (Pubitemid 350002887)
60. Duffey DC, Chen Z, Dong G, et al. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant inhibitor-kappaBalpha of nuclear factor-kappaB in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma inhibits survival, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res 1999; 59(14): 3468-74 (Pubitemid 29334510)
61. Green VL, Irune E, Prasai A, et al. Serum IL10, IL12 and circulating CD4+ CD25high T regulatory cells in relation to long-term clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Int J Oncol 2012; 40(3): 833-9
62. Riedel F, Adam S, Feick P, et al. Expression of IL-18 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2004; 13(2): 267-72
63. Tartour E, Mosseri V, Jouffroy T, et al. Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor concentrations as an independent prognostic marker in head and neck cancer. Lancet 2001; 357(9264): 1263-4 (Pubitemid 32539057)
64. Umemura N, Zhu J, Mburu YK, et al. Defective NF-kappaB signaling in metastatic head and neck cancer cells leads to enhanced apoptosis by double-stranded RNA. Cancer Res 2012; 72(1): 45-55
65. Saito T, Kuss I, Dworacki G, et al. Spontaneous ex vivo apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5(6): 1263-73 (Pubitemid 29282928)
66. Steinbrink K, Mahnke K, Grabbe S, et al. Myeloid dendritic cell: from sentinel of immunity to key player of peripheral tolerance? Hum Immunol 2009; 70(5): 289-93
67. Liu K, Nussenzweig MC. Origin and development of dendritic cells. Immunol Rev 2010; 234(1): 45-54
68. Wang S, Lin Y, Cai YP, et al. [Comparison on growth, physiology and medicinal components of Dendrobium huoshanense hybrid and its parents]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi 2006; 31(17): 1401-4
69. Brocks CP, Pries R, Frenzel H, et al. Functional alteration of myeloid dendritic cells through head and neck cancer. Anticancer Res 2007; 27(2): 817-24 (Pubitemid 46586986)
70. Barrett AW, Cruchley AT, Williams DM. Oral mucosal Langerhans' cells. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1996; 7(1): 36-58 (Pubitemid 26154805)
71. Yilmaz T, Gedikoglu G, Celik A, et al. Prognostic significance of Langerhans cell infiltration in cancer of the larynx. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 132(2): 309-16 (Pubitemid 40431150)
72. Ma CX, Jia TC, Li XR, et al. Langerhans cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in relation to prognosis. In vivo 1995; 9(3): 225-9
73. Coffelt SB, Hughes R, Lewis CE. Tumor-associated macrophages: effectors of angiogenesis and tumor progression. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1796(1): 11-18
74. Siveen KS, Kuttan G. Role of macrophages in tumour progression. Immunol Lett 2009; 123(2): 97-102
75. Li C, Shintani S, Terakado N, et al. Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2002; 9(6): 1219-23
76. Ritta M, De Andrea M, Mondini M, et al. Cell cycle and viral and immunologic profiles of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as predictable variables of tumor progression. Head Neck 2009; 31(3): 318-27
77. Bardos H, Juhasz A, Repassy G, Adany R. Fibrin deposition in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80(5): 767-72 (Pubitemid 28521720)
78. Salven P, Heikkila P, Anttonen A, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in squamous cell head and neck carcinoma: expression and prognostic significance. Modern Pathol 1997; 10(11): 1128-33 (Pubitemid 27521291)
79. Liss C, Fekete MJ, Hasina R, et al. Paracrine angiogenic loop between head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinomas and macrophages. Int J Cancer 2001; 93(6): 781-5 (Pubitemid 32756746)
80. Yadav A, Kumar B, Datta J, et al. IL-6 promotes head and neck tumor metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the JAK-STAT3-SNAIL signaling pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9(12): 1658-67
81. Leibowitz MS, Andrade Filho PA, Ferrone S, Ferris RL. Deficiency of activated STAT1 in head and neck cancer cells mediates TAP1-dependent escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60(4): 525-35
82. Bergmann C, Strauss L, Zeidler R, et al. Expansion of human T regulatory type 1 cells in the microenvironment of cyclooxygenase 2 overexpressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2007; 67(18): 8865-73 (Pubitemid 47437463)
83. Alcolea S, Anton R, Camacho M, et al. Interaction between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells and fibroblasts in the biosynthesis of PGE2. J Lipid Res 2012; 53(4): 630-42
84. Bergmann C, Strauss L, Zeidler R, et al. Expansion and characteristics of human T regulatory type 1 cells in co-cultures simulating tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56(9): 1429-42 (Pubitemid 47024702)
85. Kaur A, Dasanu CA. Rapidly progressive colonic dysplasia/neoplasia in a series of treated lung cancer patients: Is paclitaxel involved? J Oncol Pharm Pract 2012; 19(1): 82-5
86. Kim R, Emi M, Tanabe K. Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape. Immunology 2007; 121(1): 1-14 (Pubitemid 46537674)
87. Schutt C, Bumm K, Mirandola L, et al. Immunological treatment options for locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int Rev Immunol 2012; 31(1): 22-42
88. Atienza JA, Dasanu CA. Incidence of second primary malignancies in patients with treated head and neck cancer: a comprehensive review of literature. Curr Med Res Opin 2012; 28(12): 1899-909
89. Lee SC, Lopez-Albaitero A, Ferris RL. Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer using tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies. Curr Oncol Rep 2009; 11(2): 156-62
90. Bonner JA, Harari PM, Giralt J, et al. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med 2006; 354(6): 567-78 (Pubitemid 43209104)
91. Bonner JA, Harari PM, Giralt J, et al. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: 5-year survival data from a phase 3 randomised trial, and relation between cetuximab-induced rash and survival. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11(1): 21-8
92. Xiao M, Qi F, Chen X, et al. Functional polymorphism of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility in a Chinese population. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37(1): 27-32
93. Wong YK, Chang KW, Cheng CY, Liu CJ. Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J oral Pathol Med 2006; 35(1): 51-4
94. Erfani N, Haghshenas MR, Hoseini MA, et al. Strong association of CTLA-4 variation (CT60A/G) and CTLA-4 haplotypes with predisposition of iranians to head and neck cancer. Iran J Immunol 2012; 9(3): 188-98
95. Chen J, Feng Y, Lu L, et al. Interferon-gamma-induced PD-L1 surface expression on human oral squamous carcinoma via PKD2 signal pathway. Immunobiology 2012; 217(4): 385-93
96. Chemnitz JM, Parry RV, Nichols KE, et al. SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation, but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation. J Immunol 2004; 173(2): 945-54 (Pubitemid 38924267)
97. Cho YA, Yoon HJ, Lee JI, et al. Relationship between the expressions of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2011; 47(12): 1148-53
98. Saussez S, Camby I, Toubeau G, Kiss R. Galectins as modulators of tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2007; 29(9): 874-84 (Pubitemid 350303676)
99. Wolf FWGT DR. IRX-2: promising new immunotherapy for head and neck cancer. 2008
100. Chakraborty K, Bose A, Chakraborty T, et al. Restoration of dysregulated CC chemokine signaling for monocyte/ macrophage chemotaxis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients by neem leaf glycoprotein maximizes tumor cell cytotoxicity. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7(5): 396-408
101. Wolf JS, Li G, Varadhachary A, et al. Oral lactoferrin results in T cell-dependent tumor inhibition of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13(5): 1601-10 (Pubitemid 46450453)
102. Tamura Y, Peng P, Liu K, et al. Immunotherapy of tumors with autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein preparations. Science 1997; 278(5335): 117-20 (Pubitemid 27446289)
103. Kleinjung T, Arndt O, Feldmann HJ, et al. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) membrane expression on head-and-neck cancer biopsy-a target for natural killer (NK) cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57(3): 820-6 (Pubitemid 37194310)
104. Cross DS, Platt JL, Juhn SK, et al. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: mechanisms of enhancement using prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Adv Exp Med Biol 1997; 400B: 1013-24
105. Rosenberg SA. Overcoming obstacles to the effective immunotherapy of human cancer. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2008; 105(35): 12643-4
106. Scholten KB, Turksma AW, Ruizendaal JJ, et al. Generating HPV specific T helper cells for the treatment of HPV induced malignancies using TCR gene transfer. J Transl Med 2011; 9: 147
107. Gotte K, Usener D, Riedel F, et al. Tumor-associated antigens as possible targets for immune therapy in head and neck cancer: comparative mRNA expression analysis of RAGE and GAGE genes. Acta Otolaryngol 2002; 122(5): 546-52 (Pubitemid 34913438)
108. Kienstra MA, Neel HB, Strome SE, Roche P. Identification of NY-ESO-1, MAGE-1, and MAGE-3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2003; 25(6): 457-63 (Pubitemid 36577030)
109. Monji M, Senju S, Nakatsura T, et al. Head and neck cancer antigens recognized by the humoral immune system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 294(3): 734-41 (Pubitemid 34694074)
110. Kass ES, Greiner JW, Kantor JA, et al. Carcinoembryonic antigen as a target for specific antitumor immunotherapy of head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2002; 62(17): 5049-57 (Pubitemid 34984433)
111. Rhee CS, Sen M, Lu D, et al. Wnt and frizzled receptors as potential targets for immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncogene 2002; 21(43): 6598-605 (Pubitemid 35177038)
112. Cesson V, Rivals JP, Escher A, et al. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A4 specific CD4(+) T cells in head and neck cancer patients: detection of naturally acquired responses and identification of new epitopes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60(1): 23-35
113. Rapidis AD, Wolf GT. Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer: current and future considerations. J Oncol 2009; 2009: 346345
114. Chiriva-Internati M, Cobos E, Kast WM. Advances in immunotherapy of multiple myeloma: from the discovery of tumor-associated antigens to clinical trials. Int Rev Immunol 2007; 26(3-4): 197-222 (Pubitemid 46897675)
115. Chiriva-Internati M, Liu Y, Salati E, et al. Efficient generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against cervical cancer cells by adeno-associated virus/human papillomavirus type 16 E7 antigen gene transduction into dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32(1): 30-8 (Pubitemid 34092819)
116. Wang Z, Hu Q, Han W, et al. Effect of dendritic cell vaccine against a tongue squamous cell cancer cell line (Tca8113) in vivo and in vitro. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35(6): 544-50
117. Wu A, Zeng Q, Kang TH, et al. Innovative DNA vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancer. Gene Ther 2011; 18(3): 304-12
118. Chikamatsu K, Sakakura K, Takahashi G, et al. CD4+ T cell responses to HLA-DP5-restricted wild-type sequence p53 peptides in patients with head and neck cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58(9): 1441-8