메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue , 2013, Pages 1-18

Corneal imaging revisited: An overview of corneal reflection analysis and applications

Author keywords

Catadioptric imaging; Corneal imaging; Eye gaze tracking (EGT); Geometric eye model; Human computer interaction (HCI)

Indexed keywords

AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT; ANATOMIC STRUCTURES; COMPUTATIONAL TASK; EYE GAZE TRACKING; EYE MODEL; GEOMETRIC FRAMEWORK; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION (HCI); NON-INTRUSIVE INTERFACES;

EID: 84881534670     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18826695     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2197/ipsjtcva.5.1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (142)
  • 6
    • 0033220996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of single-viewpoint catadioptric image formation
    • Baker, S. and Nayar, S.K.: A Theory of Single-Viewpoint Catadioptric Image Formation, Int. J. Comput. Vision, Vol.35, No.2, pp.175-196 (1999).
    • (1999) Int. J. Comput. Vision , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-196
    • Baker, S.1    Nayar, S.K.2
  • 7
    • 0001695559 scopus 로고
    • Ray tracing through non-spherical surfaces
    • Baker, T.Y.: Ray tracing through non-spherical surfaces, Proc. Phys. Soc., Vol.55, No.5, pp.361-364 (1943).
    • (1943) Proc. Phys. Soc. , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 361-364
    • Baker, T.Y.1
  • 8
    • 77957851112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of shape from specular reflection
    • Balzer, J. and Werling, S.: Principles of Shape from Specular Reflection, Measurement, Vol.43, No.10, pp.1305-1317 (2010).
    • (2010) Measurement , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1305-1317
    • Balzer, J.1    Werling, S.2
  • 9
    • 0031441832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algorithm for Purkinje images I and IV and limbus centre localization
    • Barry, J.C., Pongs, U.M. and Hillen, W.: Algorithm for Purkinje images I and IV and limbus centre localization, Comput. Biol. Med., Vol.27, No.6, pp.515-531 (1997).
    • (1997) Comput. Biol. Med. , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 515-531
    • Barry, J.C.1    Pongs, U.M.2    Hillen, W.3
  • 11
    • 0025322759 scopus 로고
    • Classification of normal corneal topography based on computer-assisted videokeratography
    • Bogan, S.J., Waring III, G.O., Ibrahim, O., Drews, C. and Curtis, L.: Classification of Normal Corneal Topography Based on Computer-Assisted Videokeratography, Arch. Ophthalmol., Vol.108, No.7, pp.945-949 (1990).
    • (1990) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.108 , Issue.7 , pp. 945-949
    • Bogan, S.J.1    Waring III, G.O.2    Ibrahim, O.3    Drews, C.4    Curtis, L.5
  • 13
  • 19
    • 74749089533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photometric stereo using LCD displays
    • Clark, J.J.: Photometric stereo using LCD displays, Image Vision Comput., Vol.28, No.4, pp.704-714 (2010).
    • (2010) Image Vision Comput. , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 704-714
    • Clark, J.J.1
  • 20
    • 38349156115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust tracking and remapping of eye appearance with passive computer vision
    • Colombo, C., Comanducci, D. and Bimbo, A.D.: Robust tracking and remapping of eye appearance with passive computer vision, ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl., Vol.3, No.4, pp.2:1-2:20 (2007).
    • (2007) ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl. , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 21-220
    • Colombo, C.1    Comanducci, D.2    Bimbo, A.D.3
  • 23
    • 0036879155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A breadth-first survey of eye-tracking applications
    • Duchowski, A.T.: A breadth-first survey of eye-tracking applications, Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. Comput., Vol.34, No.4, pp.455-470 (2002).
    • (2002) Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. Comput. , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 455-470
    • Duchowski, A.T.1
  • 25
    • 0032131714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved video-based eye-gaze detection method
    • Ebisawa, Y.: Improved video-based eye-gaze detection method, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., Vol.47, No.4, pp.948-955 (1998).
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 948-955
    • Ebisawa, Y.1
  • 26
    • 0033174643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Off-axis aberrations of a wideangle schematic eye model
    • Escudero-Sanz, I. and Navarro, R.: Off-axis aberrations of a wideangle schematic eye model, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol.16, No.8, pp.1881-1891 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 1881-1891
    • Escudero-Sanz, I.1    Navarro, R.2
  • 31
    • 79960260473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Line localization from single catadioptric images
    • Gasparini, S. and Caglioti, V.: Line Localization from Single Catadioptric Images, Int. J. Comput. Vision, Vol.94, pp.361-374 (2011).
    • (2011) Int. J. Comput. Vision , vol.94 , pp. 361-374
    • Gasparini, S.1    Caglioti, V.2
  • 32
    • 79955058220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal elevation topography: Best fit sphere, elevation distance, asphericity, toricity, and clinical implications
    • Gatinel, D., Malet, J., Hoang-Xuan, T. and Azar, D.T.: Corneal Elevation Topography: Best Fit Sphere, Elevation Distance, Asphericity, Toricity, and Clinical Implications, Cornea, Vol.30, No.5, pp.508-515 (2011).
    • (2011) Cornea , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 508-515
    • Gatinel, D.1    Malet, J.2    Hoang-Xuan, T.3    Azar, D.T.4
  • 35
    • 84881491418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 2012-09-30)
    • Google: Project Glass on Google+, available from (accessed 2012-09-30).
    • Project Glass on Google+
  • 37
    • 33745003911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General theory of remote gaze estimation using the pupil center and corneal reflections
    • Guestrin, E.D. and Eizenman, M.: General Theory of Remote Gaze Estimation Using the Pupil Center and Corneal Reflections, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol.53, No.6, pp.1124-1133 (2006).
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 1124-1133
    • Guestrin, E.D.1    Eizenman, M.2
  • 38
    • 80053972944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote point-of-gaze estimation with single-point personal calibration based on the pupil boundary and corneal reflections
    • Guestrin, E.D. and Eizenman, M.: Remote point-of-gaze estimation with single-point personal calibration based on the pupil boundary and corneal reflections, Proc. IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), pp.000971-000976 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) , pp. 000971-000976
    • Guestrin, E.D.1    Eizenman, M.2
  • 42
    • 0030398661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing curved surfaces from specular reflection patterns using spline surface fitting of normals
    • Halstead, M.A., Barsky, B.A., Klein, S.A. and Mandell, R.B.: Reconstructing curved surfaces from specular reflection patterns using spline surface fitting of normals, Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH, pp.335-342 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH , pp. 335-342
    • Halstead, M.A.1    Barsky, B.A.2    Klein, S.A.3    Mandell, R.B.4
  • 44
    • 77949331734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the eye of the beholder: A survey of models for eyes and gaze
    • Hansen, D.W. and Ji, Q.: In the eye of the beholder: A survey of models for eyes and gaze, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., Vol.32, No.3, pp.478-500 (2010).
    • (2010) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 478-500
    • Hansen, D.W.1    Ji, Q.2
  • 47
    • 33646550190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video-based eyetracking methods and algorithms in head-mounted displays
    • Hua, H., Krishnaswamy, P. and Rolland, J.P.: Video-based eyetracking methods and algorithms in head-mounted displays, Opt. Express, Vol.14, No.10, pp.4328-4350 (2006).
    • (2006) Opt. Express , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 4328-4350
    • Hua, H.1    Krishnaswamy, P.2    Rolland, J.P.3
  • 50
    • 33744967725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parametric approach to measuring limbus corneae from digital images
    • Iskander, D.: A parametric approach to measuring limbus corneae from digital images, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol.53, No.6, pp.1134-1140 (2006).
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 1134-1140
    • Iskander, D.1
  • 52
    • 43949164005 scopus 로고
    • 3D interpretation of conics and orthogonality
    • Kanatani, K. and Liu, W.: 3D interpretation of conics and orthogonality, CVGIP Image Underst., Vol.58, No.3, pp.286-301 (1993).
    • (1993) CVGIP Image Underst. , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 286-301
    • Kanatani, K.1    Liu, W.2
  • 53
    • 50049128576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the cross-ratios method for point-of-gaze estimation
    • Kang, J.J., Eizenman, M., Guestrin, E.D. and Eizenman, E.: Investigation of the Cross-Ratios Method for Point-of-Gaze Estimation, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol.55, No.9, pp.2293-2302 (2008).
    • (2008) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 2293-2302
    • Kang, J.J.1    Eizenman, M.2    Guestrin, E.D.3    Eizenman, E.4
  • 55
    • 79960408121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 4th edition
    • Khurana, A.K.: Comprehensive Ophthalmology, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 4th edition (2007).
    • (2007) Comprehensive Ophthalmology
    • Khurana, A.K.1
  • 58
    • 0020850433 scopus 로고
    • Light distribution on the retina of a wide-angle theoretical eye
    • Kooijman, A.C.: Light distribution on the retina of a wide-angle theoretical eye, J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol.73, No.11, pp.1544-1550 (1983).
    • (1983) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.73 , Issue.11 , pp. 1544-1550
    • Kooijman, A.C.1
  • 59
    • 33845383375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A predictive light transport model for the human iris
    • Lam, M.W.Y. and Baranoski, G.V.G.: A Predictive Light Transport Model for the Human Iris, Comput. Graph. Forum, Vol.25, No.3, pp.359-368 (2006).
    • (2006) Comput. Graph. Forum , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-368
    • Lam, M.W.Y.1    Baranoski, G.V.G.2
  • 65
    • 37849042444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic scene structure and camera motion using a catadioptric system
    • Lhuillier, M.: Automatic scene structure and camera motion using a catadioptric system, Comput. Vis. Image Underst., Vol.109, No.2, pp.186-203 (2008).
    • (2008) Comput. Vis. Image Underst. , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-203
    • Lhuillier, M.1
  • 68
    • 0031195491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modeling
    • Liou, H.L. and Brennan, N.A.: Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modeling, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol.14, No.8, pp.1684-1695 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 1684-1695
    • Liou, H.L.1    Brennan, N.A.2
  • 69
    • 0015159180 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical eye model with aspherics
    • Lotmar, W.: Theoretical Eye Model with Aspherics, J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol.61, No.11, pp.1522-1529 (1971).
    • (1971) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.61 , Issue.11 , pp. 1522-1529
    • Lotmar, W.1
  • 70
    • 0030295991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A guide to videokeratography
    • Mandell, R.B.: A guide to videokeratography, Int. Contact Lens Clin., Vol.23, No.6, pp.205-228 (1996).
    • (1996) Int. Contact Lens Clin. , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 205-228
    • Mandell, R.B.1
  • 71
    • 70449670485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iris image segmentation and sub-optimal images
    • Matey, J.R., Broussard, R. and Kennell, L.: Iris image segmentation and sub-optimal images, Image Vision Comput., Vol.28, No.2, pp.215-222 (2010).
    • (2010) Image Vision Comput. , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-222
    • Matey, J.R.1    Broussard, R.2    Kennell, L.3
  • 73
    • 0016077791 scopus 로고
    • Remote measurement of eye direction allowing subject motion over one cubic foot of space
    • Merchant, J., Morrissette, R. and Porterfield, J.L.: Remote measurement of eye direction allowing subject motion over one cubic foot of space, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol.21, No.4, pp.309-317 (1974).
    • (1974) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 309-317
    • Merchant, J.1    Morrissette, R.2    Porterfield, J.L.3
  • 74
    • 0033893342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pupil detection and tracking using multiple light sources
    • Morimoto, C.H., Koons, D., Amir, A. and Flickner, M.: Pupil detection and tracking using multiple light sources, Image Vision Comput., Vol.18, No.4, pp.331-335 (2000).
    • (2000) Image Vision Comput. , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-335
    • Morimoto, C.H.1    Koons, D.2    Amir, A.3    Flickner, M.4
  • 75
    • 10044275437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications
    • Morimoto, C.H. and Mimica, M.R.M.: Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications, Comput. Vis. Image Underst., Vol.98, No.1, pp.4-24 (2005).
    • (2005) Comput. Vis. Image Underst. , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-24
    • Morimoto, C.H.1    Mimica, M.R.M.2
  • 78
    • 84867843925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point of gaze estimation through corneal surface reflection in an active illumination environment
    • Fitzgibbon et al. (Ed.), LNCS, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg
    • Nakazawa, A. and Nitschke, C.: Point of Gaze Estimation through Corneal Surface Reflection in an Active Illumination Environment, Proc. 12th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Fitzgibbon et al. (Ed.), LNCS, Vol.7573, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, pp.159-172 (2012).
    • (2012) Proc. 12th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) , vol.7573 , pp. 159-172
    • Nakazawa, A.1    Nitschke, C.2
  • 83
    • 33744954376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal imaging system: Environment from eyes
    • Nishino, K. and Nayar, S.K.: Corneal Imaging System: Environment from Eyes, Int. J. Comput. Vision, Vol.70, No.1, pp.23-40 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Comput. Vision , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-40
    • Nishino, K.1    Nayar, S.K.2
  • 87
    • 79952851278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Display-camera calibration using eye reflections and geometry constraints
    • Nitschke, C., Nakazawa, A. and Takemura, H.: Display-camera calibration using eye reflections and geometry constraints, Comput. Vis. Image Underst., Vol.115, No.6, pp.835-853 (2011).
    • (2011) Comput. Vis. Image Underst. , vol.115 , Issue.6 , pp. 835-853
    • Nitschke, C.1    Nakazawa, A.2    Takemura, H.3
  • 92
    • 77956364290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NETRA: Interactive display for estimating refractive errors and focal range
    • Pamplona, V.F., Mohan, A., Oliveira, M.M. and Raskar, R.: NETRA: Interactive Display for Estimating Refractive Errors and Focal Range, ACM Trans. Graph., Vol.29, No.4, pp.77:1-77:8 (2010).
    • (2010) ACM Trans. Graph. , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 771-778
    • Pamplona, V.F.1    Mohan, A.2    Oliveira, M.M.3    Raskar, R.4
  • 98
    • 0026938305 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional location estimation of circular features for machine vision
    • Safaee-Rad, R., Tchoukanov, I., Smith, K.C. and Benhabib, B.: Three-dimensional location estimation of circular features for machine vision, IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom., Vol.8, No.5, pp.624-640 (1992).
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 624-640
    • Safaee-Rad, R.1    Tchoukanov, I.2    Smith, K.C.3    Benhabib, B.4
  • 99
    • 77951258382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A state of the art in structured light patterns for surface profilometry
    • Salvi, J., Fernandez, S., Pribanic, T. and Llado, X.: A state of the art in structured light patterns for surface profilometry, Pattern Recogn., Vol.43, No.8, pp.2666-2680 (2010).
    • (2010) Pattern Recogn. , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 2666-2680
    • Salvi, J.1    Fernandez, S.2    Pribanic, T.3    Llado, X.4
  • 104
    • 84881539257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 2013-01-15)
    • SensoMotoric Instruments GmbH (SMI): IVIEW X™HED, available from (accessed 2013-01-15).
    • IVIEW X™HED
  • 105
    • 84881529914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 2013-01-15)
    • SensoMotoric Instruments GmbH (SMI): RED/RED250/RED500, available from (accessed 2013-01-15).
    • RED/RED250/RED500
  • 107
    • 84881529455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 2012-09-30)
    • Smart Eye AB: Smart Eye Pro 5.7, available from (accessed 2012-09-30).
    • Smart Eye Pro 5.7
  • 110
    • 84856099176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 2013-01-15)
    • SR Research Ltd.: EyeLink 1000, available from (accessed 2013-01-15).
    • EyeLink 1000
  • 111
    • 84881507159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 2013-01-15)
    • SR Research Ltd.: EyeLink II, available from (accessed 2013-01-15).
    • EyeLink II
  • 112
    • 0000448333 scopus 로고
    • Heuristic filtering and reliable calibration methods for video-based pupil-tracking systems
    • Stampe, D.M.: Heuristic filtering and reliable calibration methods for video-based pupil-tracking systems, Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. Comput., Vol.25, No.2, pp.137-142 (1993).
    • (1993) Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. Comput. , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-142
    • Stampe, D.M.1
  • 116
    • 0036698639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epipolar geometry for central catadioptric cameras
    • Svoboda, T. and Pajdla, T.: Epipolar Geometry for Central Catadioptric Cameras, Int. J. Comput. Vision, Vol.49, No.1, pp.23-37 (2002).
    • (2002) Int. J. Comput. Vision , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-37
    • Svoboda, T.1    Pajdla, T.2
  • 117
    • 33644539519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-single viewpoint catadioptric cameras: Geometry and analysis
    • Swaminathan, R., Grossberg, M.D. and Nayar, S.K.: Non-Single Viewpoint Catadioptric Cameras: Geometry and Analysis, Int. J. Comput. Vision, Vol.66, No.3, pp.211-229 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Comput. Vision , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-229
    • Swaminathan, R.1    Grossberg, M.D.2    Nayar, S.K.3
  • 118
    • 34250698061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the cornea: The latest developments in corneal topography
    • Swartz, T., Marten, L. and Wang, M.: Measuring the cornea: The latest developments in corneal topography, Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol., Vol.18, No.4, pp.325-333 (2007).
    • (2007) Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 325-333
    • Swartz, T.1    Marten, L.2    Wang, M.3
  • 119
    • 80051947769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey on super-resolution imaging
    • Tian, J. and Ma, K.-K.: A survey on super-resolution imaging, Signal Image Video Process., Vol.5, No.3, pp.329-342 (2011).
    • (2011) Signal Image Video Process. , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-342
    • Tian, J.1    Ma, K.-K.2
  • 120
    • 84881487891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 2013-01-15)
    • Tobii Technology AB: Tobii Glasses Eye Tracker, available from (accessed 2013-01-15).
    • Tobii Glasses Eye Tracker
  • 121
    • 84881486302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 2013-01-15)
    • Tobii Technology AB: Tobii X60 & X120 Eye Tracker, available from (accessed 2013-01-15).
    • Tobii X60 & X120 Eye Tracker
  • 123
  • 124
    • 0025060338 scopus 로고
    • Geometric relations of eye position and velocity vectors during saccades
    • Tweed, D. and Vilis, T.: Geometric relations of eye position and velocity vectors during saccades, Vision Res., Vol.30, No.1, pp.111-127 (1990).
    • (1990) Vision Res. , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-127
    • Tweed, D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 126
    • 25644451568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust and accurate eye contour extraction
    • Vezhnevets, V. and Degtiareva, A.: Robust and accurate eye contour extraction, Proc. Graphicon, pp.81-84 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Graphicon , pp. 81-84
    • Vezhnevets, V.1    Degtiareva, A.2
  • 127
    • 36248978714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models for gaze tracking systems
    • Villanueva, A. and Cabeza, R.: Models for Gaze Tracking Systems, J. Image Video Process., Vol.2007, No.3, pp.1-16 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Image Video Process. , vol.2007 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-16
    • Villanueva, A.1    Cabeza, R.2
  • 128
    • 49049095059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel gaze estimation system with one calibration point
    • Villanueva, A. and Cabeza, R.: A novel gaze estimation system with one calibration point, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B Cybern., Vol.38, No.4, pp.1123-1138 (2008).
    • (2008) IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B Cybern. , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 1123-1138
    • Villanueva, A.1    Cabeza, R.2
  • 130
    • 44649148343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separating corneal reflections for illumination estimation
    • Wang, H., Lin, S., Ye, X. and Gu, W.: Separating corneal reflections for illumination estimation, Neurocomputing, Vol.71, No.10-11, pp.1788-1797 (2008).
    • (2008) Neurocomputing , vol.71 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1788-1797
    • Wang, H.1    Lin, S.2    Ye, X.3    Gu, W.4
  • 131
    • 0347238295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaze determination via images of irises
    • Wang, J.-G. and Sung, E.: Gaze determination via images of irises, Image Vision Comput., Vol.19, No.12, pp.891-911 (2001).
    • (2001) Image Vision Comput. , vol.19 , Issue.12 , pp. 891-911
    • Wang, J.-G.1    Sung, E.2
  • 133
    • 0031236835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iris recognition: An emerging biometric technology
    • Wildes, R.P.: Iris recognition: An emerging biometric technology, Proc. IEEE, Vol.85, No.9, pp.1348-1363 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. IEEE , vol.85 , Issue.9 , pp. 1348-1363
    • Wildes, R.P.1
  • 134
    • 33645696612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual direction estimation from a monocular image
    • Wu, H., Chen, Q. and Wada, T.: Visual Direction Estimation from a Monocular Image, IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst., Vol.E88-D, No.10, pp.2277-2285 (2005).
    • (2005) IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. , vol.E88-D , Issue.10 , pp. 2277-2285
    • Wu, H.1    Chen, Q.2    Wada, T.3
  • 137
    • 0033353352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omnidirectional sensing and its applications
    • Yagi, Y.: Omnidirectional Sensing and Its Applications, IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst., Vol.E82-D, No.3, pp.568-579 (1999).
    • (1999) IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. , vol.E82-D , Issue.3 , pp. 568-579
    • Yagi, Y.1
  • 139
    • 10044279389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel non-intrusive eye gaze estimation using cross-ratio under large head motion
    • Yoo, D.H. and Chung, M.J.: A novel non-intrusive eye gaze estimation using cross-ratio under large head motion, Comput. Vis. Image Underst., Vol.98, No.1, pp.25-51 (2005).
    • (2005) Comput. Vis. Image Underst. , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-51
    • Yoo, D.H.1    Chung, M.J.2
  • 140
    • 34548109736 scopus 로고
    • Survey of eye movement recording methods
    • Young, L. and Sheena, D.: Survey of eye movement recording methods, Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum., Vol.7, No.5, pp.397-429 (1975).
    • (1975) Behav. Res. Meth. Instrum. , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 397-429
    • Young, L.1    Sheena, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.