Using proteomics to uncover extracellular matrix interactions during cardiac remodeling

Proteomics - Clinical Applications

Volumn 7, Issue 7-8, 2013, Pages 516-527

  Patterson, Nicolle L ^a,b   Iyer, Rugmani Padmanabhan ^a   de Castro Brás, Lisandra E ^a   Li, Yaojun ^a   Andrews, Thomas G ^a   Aune, Gregory J ^a   Lange, Richard A ^a   Lindsey, Merry L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^b Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio   (United States)

Author keywords

Degradomics; Matridomics; Matrix metalloproteinases; Myocardial infarction

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; FIBRONECTIN; GELATINASE B; LAMININ; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; OSTEONECTIN; THROMBOSPONDIN 1; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1;

BASEMENT MEMBRANE; COLLAGEN DEGRADATION; DEGRADOMICS; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC VOLUME; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE REMODELING; HEART MUSCLE FIBROSIS; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; MACROPHAGE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MONOCYTE; MYOFIBROBLAST; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEOMICS; REVIEW;

DEGRADOMICS; MATRIDOMICS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION;

ANIMALS; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; HUMANS; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEOMICS; VENTRICULAR REMODELING;

EID: 84881517471     PISSN: 18628346     EISSN: 18628354     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200100     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Tao, Z.-Y., Cavasin, M. A., Yang, F., Liu, Y.-H., Yang, X.-P., Temporal changes in matrix metalloproteinase expression and inflammatory response associated with cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction in mice. Life Sci. 2004, 74, 1561-1572.
2. Bowers, S. L., Baudino, T. A., Laying the groundwork for growth: cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions in cardiovascular development. Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today 2010, 90, 1-7.
3. Baicu, C. F., Stroud, J. D., Livesay, V. A., Hapke, E. et al., Changes in extracellular collagen matrix alter myocardial systolic performance. Am. J. Physiol. 2003, 284, H122-H132.
4. Sam, F., Sawyer, D. B., Chang, L.-F., Eberli, F. R. et al., Progressive left ventricular remodeling and apoptosis late after myocardial infarction in mouse heart. Am. J. Physiol. 2000, 279, H422-H428.
5. Sutton, M. G., Sharpe, N., Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: pathophysiology and therapy. Circulation 2000, 101, 2981-2988.
6. Vanhoutte, D., Schellings, M., Pinto, Y., Heymans, S., Relevance of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors after myocardial infarction: a temporal and spatial window. Cardiovasc. Res. 2006, 69, 604-613.
7. Takemura, G., Nakagawa, M., Kanamori, H., Minatoguchi, S., Fujiwara, H., Benefits of reperfusion beyond infarct size limitation. Cardiovasc. Res. 2009, 83, 269-276.
8. Opie, L. H., Commerford, P. J., Gersh, B. J., Pfeffer, M. A., Controversies in ventricular remodelling. Lancet 2006, 367, 356-367.
9. Ishikawa, K., Kimura, A., Taniwa, T., Takenaka, T. et al., Modification of treatment strategies over a period of 14 years has markedly reduced cardiac events among post-myocardial infarction patients. Circ. J. 2002, 66, 881-885.
10. Lewis, E. F., Velazquez, E. J., Solomon, S. D., Hellkamp, A. S. et al., Predictors of the first heart failure hospitalization in patients who are stable survivors of myocardial infarction complicated by pulmonary congestion and/or left ventricular dysfunction: a VALIANT study. Eur. Heart J. 2008, 29, 748-756.
11. Hellermann, J. P., Goraya, T. Y., Jacobsen, S. J., Weston, S. A. et al., Incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction: is it changing over time? Am. J. Epidemiol. 2003, 157, 1101-1107.
12. Lewis, E. F., Moye, L. A., Rouleau, J. L., Sacks, F. M. et al., Predictors of late development of heart failure in stable survivors of myocardial infarction: the CARE study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003, 42, 1446-1453.
13. Anavekar, N. S., McMurray, J. J. V., Velazquez, E. J., Solomon, S. D. et al., Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. New Engl. J. Med. 2004, 351, 1285-1295.
14. Pfeffer, M. A., ACE inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998, 97, 2192-2194.
15. Hu, K., Gaudron, P., Ertl, G., Long-term effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agent treatment on hemodynamic function and left ventricular remodeling in rats with experimental myocardial infarction: importance of timing of treatment and infarct size. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998, 31, 692-700.
16. Dutta, D., Calvani, R., Bernabei, R., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti, E., Contribution of impaired mitochondrial autophagy to cardiac aging: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Circ. Res. 2012, 110, 1125-1138.
17. Lindsey, M. L., Mann, D. L., Entman, M. L., Spinale, F. G., Extracellular matrix remodeling following myocardial injury. Ann. Med. 2003, 35, 316-326.
18. Spinale, F. G., Myocardial matrix remodeling and the matrix metalloproteinases: influence on cardiac form and function. Physiol. Rev. 2007, 87, 1285-1342.
19. Deleon, K. Y., de Castro Bras, L. E., Lange, R. A., Lindsey, M. L., Extracellular matrix proteomics in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion: the search is on. Circulation 2012, 125, 746-748.
20. Leeming, D. J., Bay-Jensen, A. C., Vassiliadis, E., Larsen, M. R. et al., Post-translational modifications of the extracellular matrix are key events in cancer progression: opportunities for biochemical marker development. Biomarkers 2011, 16, 193-205.
21. Tyers, M., Mann, M., From genomics to proteomics. Nature 2003, 422, 193-197.
22. Stastna, M., Chimenti, I., Marban, E., Van Eyk, J. E., Identification and functionality of proteomes secreted by rat cardiac stem cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Proteomics 2010, 10, 245-253.
23. Xu, B. J., Yan, W., Jovanovic, B., An, A. Q. et al., Quantitative analysis of the secretome of TGF-beta signaling-deficient mammary fibroblasts. Proteomics 2010, 10, 2458-2470.
24. DeQuach, J. A., Mezzano, V., Miglani, A., Lange, S. et al., Simple and high yielding method for preparing tissue specific extracellular matrix coatings for cell culture. PloS One 2010, 5, e13039.
25. Singelyn, J. M., DeQuach, J. A., Seif-Naraghi, S. B., Littlefield, R. B. et al., Naturally derived myocardial matrix as an injectable scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2009, 30, 5409-5416.
26. Didangelos, A., Yin, X., Mandal, K., Baumert, M. et al., Proteomics characterization of extracellular space components in the human aorta. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2010, 9, 2048-2062.
27. Barallobre-Barreiro, J., Didangelos, A., Schoendube, F. A., Drozdov, I. et al., Proteomics analysis of cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling in a porcine model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Circulation 2012, 125, 789-802.
28. Didangelos, A., Yin, X., Mandal, K., Saje, A. et al., Extracellular matrix composition and remodeling in human abdominal aortic aneurysms: a proteomics approach. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2011, 10, M111 008128.
29. Butler, G. S., Overall, C. M., Updated biological roles for matrix metalloproteinases and new "intracellular" substrates revealed by degradomics. Biochemistry 2009, 48, 10830-10845.
30. Lopez-Otin, C., Overall, C. M., Protease degradomics: a new challenge for proteomics. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2002, 3, 509-519.
31. Doucet, A., Butler, G. S., Rodriguez, D., Prudova, A., Overall, C. M., Metadegradomics: toward in vivo quantitative degradomics of proteolytic post-translational modifications of the cancer proteome. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2008, 7, 1925-1951.
32. Gevaert, K., Impens, F., Van Damme, P., Ghesquiere, B. et al., Applications of diagonal chromatography for proteome-wide characterization of protein modifications and activity-based analyses. FEBS J. 2007, 274, 6277-6289.
33. Staes, A., Van Damme, P., Helsens, K., Demol, H. et al., Improved recovery of proteome-informative, protein N-terminal peptides by combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC). Proteomics 2008, 8, 1362-1370.
34. McDonald, L., Beynon, R. J., Positional proteomics: preparation of amino-terminal peptides as a strategy for proteome simplification and characterization. Nat. Protoc. 2006, 1, 1790-1798.
35. McDonald, L., Robertson, D. H., Hurst, J. L., Beynon, R. J., Positional proteomics: selective recovery and analysis of N-terminal proteolytic peptides. Nat. Methods 2005, 2, 955-957.
36. Timmer, J. C., Enoksson, M., Wildfang, E., Zhu, W. et al., Profiling constitutive proteolytic events in vivo. Biochem. J. 2007, 407, 41-48.
37. Mahrus, S., Trinidad, J. C., Barkan, D. T., Sali, A. et al., Global sequencing of proteolytic cleavage sites in apoptosis by specific labeling of protein N termini. Cell 2008, 134, 866-876.
38. Morrison, C. J., Butler, G. S., Rodriguez, D., Overall, C. M., Matrix metalloproteinase proteomics: substrates, targets, and therapy. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2009, 21, 645-653.
39. McQuibban, G. A., Gong, J. H., Tam, E. M., McCulloch, C. A. et al., Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. Science 2000, 289, 1202-1206.
40. Overall, C. M., McQuibban, G. A., Clark-Lewis, I., Discovery of chemokine substrates for matrix metalloproteinases by exosite scanning: a new tool for degradomics. Biol. Chem. 2002, 383, 1059-1066.
41. Rodriguez, D., Morrison, C. J., Overall, C. M., Matrix metalloproteinases: what do they not do? New substrates and biological roles identified by murine models and proteomics. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2010, 1803, 39-54.
42. Cox, J. H., Overall, C. M., Cytokine substrates: MMP regulation of inflammatory signaling molecules. 2008, 519-539.
43. Peterson, J. T., The importance of estimating the therapeutic index in the development of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Cardiovasc, Res. 2006, 69, 677-687.
44. Bornstein, P., Sage, E. H., Matricellular proteins: extracellular modulators of cell function. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2002, 14, 608-616.
45. Cleutjens, J. P. M., Kandala, J. C., Guarda, E., Guntaka, R. V., Weber, K. T., Regulation of collagen degradation in the rat myocardium after infarction. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 1995, 27, 1281-1292.
46. Cannon, III, R. O., Butany, J. W., McManus, B. M., Speir, E. et al., Early degradation of collagen after acute myocardial infarction in the rat. Am. J. Cardiol. 1983, 52, 390-395.
47. Villarreal, F., Omens, J., Dillmann, W., Risteli, J. et al., Early degradation and serum appearance of type I collagen fragments after myocardial infarction. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2004, 36, 597-601.
48. Cleutjens, J., Verluyten, M., Smiths, J., Daemen, M., Collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat heart. Am. J. Pathol. 1995, 147, 325-338.
49. Luther, D. J., Thodeti, C. K., Shamhart, P. E., Adapala, R. K. et al., Absence of type VI collagen paradoxically improves cardiac function, structure, and remodeling after myocardial infarction. Circ. Res. 2012, 110, 851-856.
50. Naugle, J. E., Type VI collagen induces cardiac myofibroblast differentiation: implications for postinfarction remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. 2006, 290, H323-H330.
51. Rasi, K., Piuhola, J., Czabanka, M., Sormunen, R. et al., Collagen XV is necessary for modeling of the extracellular matrix and its deficiency predisposes to cardiomyopathy. Circ. Res. 2010, 107, 1241-1252.
52. Nikolova, A., Ablasser, K., Wyler von Ballmoos, M. C., Poutias, D. et al., Endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors prevent adaptive capillary growth in left ventricular pressure overload hypertrophy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2012, 94, 1509-1517.
53. Nishihara, T., Ochi, M., Sugimoto, K., Takahashi, H. et al., Subcutaneous injection containing IL-3 and GM-CSF ameliorates stab wound-induced brain injury in rats. Exp. Neurol. 2011, 229, 507-516.
54. Lal, A., Veinot, J. P., Ganten, D., Leenen, F. H., Prevention of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in transgenic rats deficient in brain angiotensinogen. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2005, 39, 521-529.
55. Oliviero, P., Chassagne, C., Salichon, N., Corbier, A. et al., Expression of laminin alpha2 chain during normal and pathological growth of myocardium in rat and human. Cardiovasc. Res. 2000, 46, 346-355.
56. Amrani, D. L., Falk, M. J., Mosesson, M. W., Studies of fibronectin synthesized by cultured chick hepatocytes. Exp. Cell Res. 1985, 160, 171-183.
57. Hein, S., Schaper, J., The extracellular matrix in normal and diseased myocardium. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 2001, 8, 188-196.
58. Hocking, D. C., Fibronectin matrix deposition and cell contractility: implications for airway remodeling in asthma. Chest 2002, 122, 275S-278S.
59. Villarreal, F. J., Dillmann, W. H., Cardiac hypertrophy-induced changes in mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1, fibronectin, and collagen. Am. J. Physiol. 1992, 262, H1861-H1866.
60. George, E. L., Georges-Labouesse, E. N., Patel-King, R. S., Rayburn, H., Hynes, R. O., Defects in mesoderm, neural tube and vascular development in mouse embryos lacking fibronectin. Development 1993, 119, 1079-1091.
61. Knowlton, A. A., Connelly, C. C., Romo, G. M., Mamuya, W. et al., Rapid expression of fibronectin in the rabbit heart after myocardial infarction with and without reperfusion. J. Clin.l Invest. 1992, 89, 1060-1068.
62. Arslan, F., Smeets, M. B., Riem Vis, P. W., Karper, J. C. et al., Lack of fibronectin-EDA promotes survival and prevents adverse remodeling and heart function deterioration after myocardial infarction. Circ. Res. 2011, 108, 582-592.
63. Trial, J., Baughn, R. E., Wygant, J. N., McIntyre, B. W. et al., Fibronectin fragments modulate monocyte VLA-5 expression and monocyte migration. J. Clin. Invest. 1999, 104, 419-430.
64. Trial, J., Rossen, R. D., Rubio, J., Knowlton, A. A., Inflammation and ischemia: macrophages activated by fibronectin fragments enhance the survival of injured cardiac myocytes. Exp. Biol. Med. 2004, 229, 538-545.
65. Tashiro, K., Sephel, G. C., Weeks, B., Sasaki, M. et al., A synthetic peptide containing the IKVAV sequence from the A chain of laminin mediates cell attachment, migration, and neurite outgrowth. J. Biol. Chem. 1989, 264, 16174-16182.
66. Aumailley, M., Bruckner-Tuderman, L., Carter, W. G., Deutzmann, R. et al., A simplified laminin nomenclature. Matrix Biol. 2005, 24, 326-332.
67. Lal, A., Veinot, J. P., Ganten, D., Leenen, F. H., Prevention of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in transgenic rats deficient in brain angiotensinogen. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2005, 39, 521-529.
68. Morishita, N., Kusachi, S., Yamasaki, S., Kondo, J., Tsuji, T., Sequential changes in laminin and type IV collagen in the infarct zone-immunohistochemical study in rat myocardial infarction. Jpn Circ. J. 1996, 60, 108-114.
69. T. Saetersdal, T. L. l., Rotevatn, S., Dalen, H., Scheie, P., Fibronectin and laminin in transverse tubules of cardiac myocytes studied by laser confocal microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Histochemistry 1992, 98, 73-80.
70. Hill, D. R., Kessler, S. P., Rho, H. K., Cowman, M. K., de la Motte, C. A., Specific-sized hyaluronan fragments promote expression of human beta-defensin 2 in intestinal epithelium. J. Biol. Chem. 2012, 287, 30610-30624.
71. Matsumura, S., Iwanaga, S., Mochizuki, S., Okamoto, H. et al., Targeted deletion or pharmacological inhibition of MMP-2 prevents cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 115, 599-609.
72. Miles, A. J., Skubitz, A. P., Furcht, L. T., Fields, G. B., Promotion of cell adhesion by single-stranded and triple-helical peptide models of basement membrane collagen alpha 1(IV)531-543. Evidence for conformationally dependent and conformationally independent type IV collagen cell adhesion sites. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 30939-30945.
73. Xu, D., Suenaga, N., Edelmann, M. J., Fridman, R. et al., Novel MMP-9 substrates in cancer cells revealed by a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. Mol. Cell Proteomics 2008, 7, 2215-2228.
74. Sage, H., Vernon, R. B., Decker, J., Funk, S., Iruela-Arispe, M. L., Distribution of the calcium-binding protein SPARC in tissues of embryonic and adult mice. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1989, 37, 819-829.
75. Schellings, M. W., Vanhoutte, D., Swinnen, M., Cleutjens, J. P. et al., Absence of SPARC results in increased cardiac rupture and dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction. J. Exp. Med. 2009, 206, 113-123.
76. Komatsubara, I., Murakami, T., Kusachi, S., Nakamura, K. et al., Spatially and temporally different expression of osteonectin and osteopontin in the infarct zone of experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 2003, 12, 186-194.
77. Reed, M. J., Puolakkainen, P., Lane, T. F., Dickerson, D. et al., Differential expression of SPARC and thrombospondin 1 in wound repair: immunolocalization and in situ hybridization. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1993, 41, 1467-1477.
78. McCurdy, S. M., Dai, Q., Zhang, J., Zamilpa, R. et al., SPARC mediates early extracellular matrix remodeling following myocardial infarction. Am. J. Physiol. 2011, 301, H497-H505.
79. Giudici, C., Raynal, N., Wiedemann, H., Cabral, W. A. et al., Mapping of SPARC/BM-40/Osteonectin-binding sites on fibrillar collagens. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283, 19551-19560.
80. Rentz, T. J., Poobalarahi, F., Bornstein, P., Sage, E. H., Bradshaw, A. D., SPARC regulates processing of Procollagen I and collagen fibrillogenesis in dermal fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282, 22062-22071.
81. Francki, A., Bradshaw, A. D., Bassuk, J. A., Howe, C. C. et al., SPARC regulates the expression of collagen type I and transforming growth factor-beta1 in mesangial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 32145-32152.
82. Risher, W. C., Eroglu, C., Thrombospondins as key regulators of synaptogenesis in the central nervous system. Matrix Biol. 2012, 31, 170-177.
83. Chatila, K., Ren, G., Xia, Y., Huebener, P. et al., The role of the thrombospondins in healing myocardial infarcts. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents Med. Chem. 2007, 5, 21-27.
84. Lawler, J., The functions of thrombospondin-1 and-2. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2000, 12, 634-640.
85. Sezaki, S., Hirohata, S., Iwabu, A., Nakamura, K. et al., Thrombospondin-1 is induced in rat myocardial infarction and its induction is accelerated by ischemia/reperfusion. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 2005, 230, 621-630.
86. Frangogiannis, N. G., Critical role of endogenous thrombospondin-1 in preventing expansion of healing myocardial infarcts. Circulation 2005, 111, 2935-2942.
87. Crawford, S. E., Stellmach, V., Murphy-Ullrich, J. E., Ribeiro, S. M. et al., Thrombospondin-1 is a major activator of TGF-beta1 in vivo. Cell 1998, 93, 1159-1170.
88. McClung, H. M., Thomas, S. L., Osenkowski, P., Toth, M. et al., SPARC upregulates MT1-MMP expression, MMP-2 activation, and the secretion and cleavage of galectin-3 in U87MG glioma cells. Neurosci. Lett. 2007, 419, 172-177.
89. Schellings, M. W., van Almen, G. C., Sage, E. H., Heymans, S., Thrombospondins in the heart: potential functions in cardiac remodeling. J. Cell Commun. Signal 2009, 3, 201-213.
90. Wang, T. N., Albo, D., Tuszynski, G. P., Fibroblasts promote breast cancer cell invasion by upregulating tumor matrix metalloproteinase-9 production. Surgery 2002, 132, 220-225.
91. Sage, E. H., Reed, M., Funk, S. E., Truong, T. et al., Cleavage of the matricellular protein SPARC by matrix metalloproteinase 3 produces polypeptides that influence angiogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 37849-37857.
92. Phatharajaree, W., Phrommintikul, A., Chattipakorn, N., Matrix metalloproteinases and myocardial infarction. Can. J. Cardiol. 2007, 23, 727-733.
93. Nahrendorf, M., Pittet, M. J., Swirski, F. K., Monocytes: protagonists of infarct inflammation and repair after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2010, 121, 2437-2445.
94. Dobaczewski, M., Gonzalez-Quesada, C., Frangogiannis, N. G., The extracellular matrix as a modulator of the inflammatory and reparative response following myocardial infarction. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2010, 48, 504-511.
95. Guo, Y.-H., Gao, W., Li, Q., Li, P.-F. et al., Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell migration and induces cell apoptosis. Life Sci. 2004, 75, 2483-2493.
96. Egea, V., Zahler, S., Rieth, N., Neth, P. et al., Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) regulates mesenchymal stem cells through let-7f microRNA and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, E309-E316.
97. Lindsey, M. L., Zamilpa, R., Temporal and spatial expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases following myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc. Therap. 2012, 30, 31-41.
98. Parker, B. L., Palmisano, G., Edwards, A. V., White, M. Y. et al., Quantitative N-linked glycoproteomics of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury reveals early remodeling in the extracellular environment. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2011, 10, M110 006833.
99. Lindsey, M. L., Borg, T. K., Understanding the role of the extracellular matrix in cardiovascular development and disease: where do we go from here? J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2010, 48, 431-432.
100. Lu, L., Zhang, J. Q., Ramires, F. J., Sun, Y., Molecular and cellular events at the site of myocardial infarction: from the perspective of rebuilding myocardial tissue. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2004, 320, 907-913.
101. Komori, H., Watanabe, H., Shuto, T., Kodama, A. et al., Alpha1-acid glycoprotein up-regulates CD163 via TLR4/CD14 pathway: possible protection against hemolysis-induced oxidative stress. J. Biol. Chem. 2012, 287, 30688-30700.
102. Kandalam, V., Basu, R., Abraham, T., Wang, X. et al., TIMP2 deficiency accelerates adverse post-myocardial infarction remodeling because of enhanced MT1-MMP activity despite lack of MMP2 activation. Circ. Res. 2010, 106, 796-808.
103. Tummalapalli, C. M., Heath, B. J., Tyagi, S. C., Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 instigates apoptosis in transformed cardiac fibroblasts. J. Cell Biochem. 2001, 80, 512-521.
104. Joseph, D., Raffetto a, R. A. K. b., Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in vascular remodeling and vascular disease. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2008, 75, 346-359.
105. Baker, A. H., Edwards, D. R., Murphy, G., Metalloproteinase inhibitors: biological actions and therapeutic opportunities. J. Cell Sci. 2002, 115, 3719-3727.