Designing Polymer Properties

Tailor-Made Polymers: Via Immobilization of Alpha-Olefin Polymerization Catalysts

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-42

  Gahleitner, Markus ^a   Severn, John R ^b  

^a BOREALIS POLYOLEFINE GMBH   (Austria)

^b BOREALIS POLYMERS OY   (Finland)

Author keywords

Alpha olefin polymerization; Catalysts immobilization; Polymer design; Polymer modification; Polymer properties; Polymer structure; Polyolefins

Indexed keywords

EID: 84881243713     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527621668.ch1     Document Type: Chapter

References (111)

1. W. Neißl, M. Gahleitner, Macromol. Symp. 2002, 181, 111.
2. V. Busico, R. Cipullo, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 26, 443.
3. D.M. Connor, S.D. Allen, D.M. Collard, C.L. Liotta, D.A. Schiraldi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 80, 2696.
4. M. Gahleitner, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 26, 895.
5. N.J. Inkson, T.C.B. McLeish, O.G. Harlen, D.J. Groves, J. Rheol. 1999, 43, 873.
6. J.A. Pople, G.R. Mitchell, S.J. Sutton, A.S. Vaughan, C.K. Chai, Polymer 1999, 40, 2169.
7. G.H. Michler, Polym. Adv. Technol. 1998, 9, 812.
8. M. Slouf, G. Radonjic, D. Hlavata, A. Sikora, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 101, 2236.
9. G. Eder, H. Janeschitz-Kriegl, Structure development during processing. 5. Crystallization. Materials and Technology Series, Verlag Chemie-Wiley, Weinheim, 1997, pp. 269-342.
10. M. Gahleitner, P. Jääskeläinen, E. Ratajski, C. Paulik, J. Reussner, J. Wolfschwenger, W. Neißl, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 95, 1073.
11. G. Eder, Non-isothermal Polymer Crystallization, in: A.J. Ryan (Ed.), Polymers and Materials Chemistry, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Vol. V, 2002, pp. 6213-6218.
12. S. Rabiej, B. Goderis, J. Janicki, V.B.F. Mathot, M.H.J. Koch, G. Groeninckx, H. Reynaers, J. Geland, A. Wochowicz, Polymer 2004, 45, 8761.
13. B. Pukánszky, I. Mudra, P. Staniek, J. Vinyl. Addit. Technol. 1997, 3, 53.
14. R. Phillips, G. Herbert, J. News, M. Wolkowicz, Polym. Eng. Sci. 1994, 34, 1731.
15. B. Fillon, B. Lotz, A. Thierry, J.C. Wittmann, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 1993, 31, 1407.
16. M. Gahleitner, J. Wolfschwenger, K. Bernreitner, W. Neißl, C. Bachner, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996, 61, 649.
17. C. Grein, Adv. Polym. Sci. 2005, 188, 43.
18. M. Seki, D.W. Thurman, J.P. Oberhauser, J.A. Kornfield, Macromolecules 2002, 35, 2583.
19. R. Phillips, G. Herbert, J. News, M. Wolkowicz, Polym. Eng. Sci. 1994, 34, 1731.
20. V. Brucato, S. Piccarolo, V. La Carrubba, Chem. Eng. Sci. 2002, 57, 4129.
21. A. Van der Wal, R. Nijhof, R.J. Gaymans, Polymer 1998, 39, 6781.
22. B. Pukanszky, F.H.J. Maurer, Polymer 1995, 36, 1617.
23. Z. Bartczak, A.S. Argon, R.E. Cohen, M. Weinberg, Polymer 1999, 40, 2331, 2347, 2367.
24. C. Grein, K. Bernreitner, A. Hauer, M. Gahleitner, W. Neißl, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 87, 1702.
25. L.A. Utracki, M.R. Kamal, Polym. Eng. Sci. 1982, 22, 96.
26. M. Rätzsch, M. Arnold, E. Borsig, H. Bucka, N. Reichelt, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2002, 27, 1195.
27. J. Kolařík, J. Jančář, Polymer 1992, 33, 4961.
28. S.S. Ray, M. Okamato, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003, 28, 1539.
29. G. Kalay, R.A. Sousa, R.L. Reis, A.M. Cunha, M.J. Bevis, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 73, 2473.
30. I.M. Ward, P.J. Hine, Polymer 2004, 45, 1423.
31. L. Resconi, J.C. Chadwick, L. Cavallo, in: D.M.P. Mingos, R. Crabtree, R. (Eds.), Comprehensive, Organometallic Chemistry HI, Elsevier, New York, 2007.
32. J. Scheirs, W. Kaminsky (Eds.), Metallocene-Based Polyolefins, Preparation, Properties and Techniques, Wiley, New York, 1999.
33. G.M. Benedikt, B.L. Goodall (Eds.), Metallocene Catalyzed Polymers, William Andrew Publishing, New York, 1998.
34. G.M. Benedikt (Ed.), Metallocene Technology and Modern Methods in Commercial Applications Catalyzed Polymers, William Andrew Publishing, New York, 1998.
35. B. Reiger, L. Saunders-Bauch, S. Kacker, S. Striegler (Eds.), Late Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003.
36. K. Soga, M. Terano (Eds.), Catalyst Design for Taylor-made Polyolefins, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994, Vol. 89, p. 277.
37. A.O. Patil, G. Hlatky (Eds.), Beyond Metallocenes: Next-Generation Polymerization Catalysts, ACS Symposium Series 857, Oxford University Press, 2004.
38. G.G. Hlatky, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 181, 243.
39. P.J. Shapiro, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 231, 67.
40. M. Bochmann, J. Organomet. Chem. 2004, 689, 3982.
41. J.-N. Pédeutour, K. Radhakrisknan, H. Cramail, A. Deffieux, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2001, 22, 1095.
42. E.Y.-X. Chen, T. Marks, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1391.
43. E. Zurek, T. Ziegler, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2004, 29, 101.
44. F. Focante, P. Mercandelli, A. Sironi, L. Resconi, Coord. Chem.. Rev. 2006, 250, 110.
45. S. Tomasi, A. Razavi, T. Ziegler, Organometallics 2001, 26, 2024.
46. M.-C. Chen, J.A.S. Roberts, T.J. Marks, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 4605.
47. P.A. Wilson, M.H. Hannant, J.A. Wright, R.D. Cannon, M. Bochmann, Macromol. Symp. 2006, 236, 100.
48. V. Busico, V. van Axel Castelli, P. Aprea, R. Cipullo, A. Segre, G. Malarico, M. Vacatello, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 5451.
49. G. Fink, R. Rottler, R. Mynott, W. Fenzel, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 1981, 154, 1.
50. Z. Liu, E. Somsook, C.B. White, K.A. Rosaaen, C.R. Landis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11193.
51. E.J. Arlman, P. Cosse, J. Catal. 1964, 3, 99.
52. M. Brookhart, M.L.H. Green, J. Organomet. Chem. 1983, 250, 395;
53. D. T. Laverty, J.J. Rooney, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I 1983, 79, 869.
54. L. Izzo, L. Caporaso, G. Senatore, L. Olivia, Macromolecules 1999, 33, 6913.
55. R. Schubbe, K. Angermund, G. Fink, R. Gooddard, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1995, 196, 418.
56. S.D. Ittel, L.K. Johnson, M. Brookhart, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1169.
57. A.L. McKnight, R.M. Waymouth, Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2581.
58. D.J. Arriola, E.M. Carnahan, P.D. Hustad, R.L. Kuhlman, T.T. Wenzel, Science 2006, 312, 114.
59. G.J. Domski, J.M. Rose, G.W. Coates, A.D. Bolig, M. Brookhart, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 32, 30;
60. G.W. Coates, P.D. Hustad, S. Reinartz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2236.
61. V. Busico, R. Cipullo, Prog. Poly. Sci. 2001, 26, 443.
62. L. Resconi, L. Cavallo, A. Fait, F. Piemontesi, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1253.
63. G.W. Coates, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1223.
64. K. Angermund, G. Fink, V.R. Jensen, R. Kleinschmidt, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1451.
65. C.L. Landis, D.R. Sillars, J. Batterton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 8890;
66. V. Busico, R. Cipullo, V. Romanelli, S. Ronca, M. Togrou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005 127, 1608. Further reading on "dormant site" generation follow secondary insertion.
67. T. Shiono, S.M. Azad, T. Ikeda, Macromolecules 1999, 32, 5123;
68. W. Weng, E.J. Markel, A.H. Dekmezian, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2001, 22, 1488.
69. Y. Suzuki, T. Yasumoto, K. Mashima, J. Okuda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 13011;
70. P. Yang, M.C. Baird, Organometallics 2005, 24, 6013;
71. P.J. Chirik, N.F. Dalleska, L.M. Henling, J.E. Bercaw, Organometallics 2005, 24, 2189. Interesting additional reading on ß-Me transfer.
72. For examples, see: K.K. Kang, T. Shiono, T. Ikeda, Macromolecules 1991, 30, 1231;
73. A.-L. Mogstad, R.M. Waymouth, Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2313.
74. B.A. Krenstel, Y.V. Kissin, V.J. Kleiner, L.L. Stotskaya, Polymer and copolymers of higher α-olefins, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1991;
75. J.A. Ewen, in: J. Scheirs, W. Kaminsky (Eds.), Metallocene-Based Polyolefins, Preparation, Properties and Techniques, Wiley, New York, 1999.
76. J. Shum, M.J. Schneider, R. Mülhaupt, J. Mol. Catal. 1998, 128, 215.
77. J.A. Ewen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 6355.
78. G. Natta, I. Pasquon, A. Zimbelli, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 82, 1488.
79. J.A. Ewen, J. Mol. Catal. A; Chemistry 1998, 128, 103.
80. D. Fischer, R. Mulhaupt, Makromol. Chem. Phys. 1994, 195, 1143;
81. P. Viville, D. Daoust, A.M. Jonas, B. Nysten, R. Legras, M. Dupire, J. Michel, G. Debras, Polymer 2001, 42, 1953.
82. J.A. Ewen, R.L. Jones, A. Razavi, J.D. Ferrara, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 110, 6255.
83. F.R.W.P. Wild, L. Zsolani, G. Huttner, H.-H. Brintzinger, J. Organomet. Chem. 1982, 232, 233.
84. J.A. Ewen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 6355.
85. W. Kaminsky, K. Külper, H.-H. Brintzinger, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1985, 24, 507.
86. W. Spaleck, F. Küber, A. Winter, J. Rohrmann, B. Bachmann, M. Antberg, V. Dolle, E. Paulus, Organometallics 1994, 13, 954.
87. N. Kashiwa, S. Nojoh, J. Imuta, T. Tsutsui, in: W. Kaminsky (Ed.), Metalorganic Catalysts for Synthesis and Polymerization, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999, p. 30.
88. A. Winter, Maack Polypropylene Conference, Zurich, 2006. Congress papers available online from Maack Business Services (http://www.mbspolymer.com/).
89. J.A. Ewen, A. Zambelli, P. Longo, J.M. Sullivan, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1998, 19, 71.
90. J.A. Ewen, M.J. Elder, R.L. Jones, A.L. Rheingold, L.M Liable-Sands, R.D. Sommer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 4763.
91. C. De Rosa, F. Auriemma, A. Di Capua, L. Resconi, S. Guidotti, I. Camurati, I.E. Nifant'ev, P. Laishevtsev, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 17040.
92. P. Walter, J. Heinemann, H. Ebeling, D. Mäder, S. Trinkle, R. Mülhaupt, in: R. Blom, A. Follestad, E. Rytter, M. Tilset, M. Ystenes (Eds.), Organometallic Catalysts and Olefin Polymerisation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001, p. 319.
93. J.A. Ewen, M.J. Elder, R.L. Jones, L. Haspeslagh, J.L. Atwood, S.G. Bott, K. Robinson, Makromol. Chem. Makromol Symp. 1991, 48-49, 235.
94. S. Miyake, Y. Okumura, S. Inazawa, Macromolecules 1995, 28, 3074;
95. A. Razavi, D. Vereecke, L. Peters, K. Den Dauw, L. Nafpliotis, J.L. Atwood, in: G. Fink, R. Mülhaupt, H.-H. Brintzinger (Eds., ) Ziegler Catalysts, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995, p. 111;
96. A. Razavi, U. Thewalt, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2006, 250, 155.
97. S.A. Miller, J.E. Bercaw, Organometallics 2002, 21, 934.
98. A. Razavi, J.L. Atwood, J. Organomet. Chem. 1993, 459, 117.
99. S.A. Miller, J.E. Bercaw, Organometallics 2006, 25, 3576.
100. W. Fan, M.K. Leclerc, R.M. Waymouth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9555.
101. V.C. Gibson, S.K. Spitzmesser, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.
102. C. Bianchini, G. Giambastiani, I.G. Rios, G. Mantovani, A. Meli, A.M. Segarra, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2006, 250, 1391.
103. G.J.P. Britovsek, S.A. Cohen, V.C. Gibson, M. van Meurs, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 10701.
104. D.P. Gates, S.A. Svejda, E. Onate, C.M. Killian, L.K. Johnson, P.S. White, M. Brookhart, Macromolecules 2000, 33, 2320.
105. D. Meinhard, M. Wegner, G. Kipiani, A. Hearley, P. Reuter, S. Fischer, O. Marti, B. Rieger, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 918.
106. H. Makio, N. Kashiwa, T. Fujita, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2002, 344, 477.
107. V. Busico, G. Talarico, R. Cipullo, Macromol. Symp. 2005, 226, 1.
108. J.C.W. Chien, Y. Iwamoto, M.D. Rausch, W. Wedler, H.H. Winter, Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3447.
109. S. Lieber, H.-H. Brintzinger, Macromolecules 2000, 33, 9192.
110. C. Pryzbyla, G. Fink, Acta Polym. 1999, 50, 77.
111. H.P. Wang, D.U. Khariwala, W. Cheung, S.P. Chum, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, Macromolecules 2007, 40, 2852.