Effectiveness of the kiva antibullying program: Grades 1-3 and 7-9

Journal of Educational Psychology

Volumn 105, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 535-551

  Kärnä, Antti ^a   Voeten, Marinus ^b   Little, Todd D ^c   Alanen, Erkki ^a   Poskiparta, Elisa ^a   Salmivalli, Christina ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Bullying; Evaluation; Intervention; Prevention; Victimization

Indexed keywords

EID: 84881113538     PISSN: 00220663     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0030417     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2. Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of child development: Six theories of child development (pp. 1-60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
3. Björkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M. J., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight. Aggressive Behavior, 18, 117-127.
4. Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). The development of direct and indirect aggressive strategies in males and females. In K. Björkqvist & P. Niemelä (Eds.), Of mice and women: Aspects of female aggression (pp. 51-64). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
5. Blom, G. (1958). Statistical estimates and transformed beta variables. New York, NY: Wiley.
6. Caravita, S., DiBlasio, P., & Salmivalli, C. (2009). Unique and interactive effects of empathy and social status on involvement in bullying. Social Development, 18, 140-163. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00465.x
7. Cillessen, A. H. N., & Mayeux, L. (2004). From censure to reinforcement: Developmental changes in the association between aggression and social status. Child Development, 75, 147-163. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00660.x
8. Collins, L. M., Schafer, J. L., & Kam, C. M. (2001). A comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing-data procedures. Psychological Methods, 6, 330-351. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.6.4.330
9. Crocker, L., & Algina, J. (2008). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. Mason, OH: Cengage.
10. Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
11. Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12, 121-138. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.121
12. Eslea, M., & Smith, P. K. (1998). The long-term effectiveness of antibullying work in primary schools. Educational Research, 40, 203-218. doi:10.1080/0013188980400208
13. Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2010). School-based programs to reduce bullying and victimization. Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews, 6. Retrieved from http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/library.pl
14. Ferguson, C., San Miguel, C., Kilburn, J., & Sanchez, P. (2007). The effectiveness of school-based anti-bullying programs: A meta-analytic review. Criminal Justice Review, 32, 401-414. doi:10.1177/0734016807311712
15. Hanewinkel, R. (2004). Prevention of bullying in German schools: An evaluation of an anti-bullying approach. In P. K. Smith, D. Pepler, & K. Rigby (Eds.), Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions be (pp. 81-98). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511584466.006
16. Jelicić, H., Phelps, E., & Lerner, R. M. (2009). Use of missing data methods in longitudinal studies: The persistence of bad practices in developmental psychology. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1195-1199. doi:10.1037/a0015665
17. Juvonen, J., & Galván, A. (2008). Peer influence in involuntary social groups: Lessons from research on bullying. In M. J. Prinstein & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), Understanding peer influence in children and adolescents (pp. 225-244). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
18. Juvonen, J., Graham, S., & Schuster, M. A. (2003). Bullying among young adolescents: The strong, the weak, and the troubled. Pediatrics, 112, 1231-1237. doi:10.1542/peds.112.6.1231
19. Kallestad, J. H., & Olweus, D. (2003). Predicting teachers' and schools' implementation of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: A multilevel study. Prevention & Treatment, 6, 3-21. doi:10.1037/1522-3736.6.1.621a
20. Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Poskiparta, E., Alanen, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). Going to scale: A nonrandomized nationwide trial of the KiVa antibullying program for Grades 1-9. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 796-805. doi:10.1037/a0025740
21. Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Poskiparta, E., Kaljonen, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). A large-scale evaluation of the KiVa antibullying program: Grades 4-6. Child Development, 82, 311-330. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01557.x
22. Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2010). Vulnerable children in varying classroom contexts: Bystanders' behaviors moderate the effects of risk factors on victimization. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 56, 261-282. doi:10.1353/mpq.0.0052
23. Menesini, E., Codecasa, E., Benelli, B., & Cowie, H. (2003). Enhancing children's responsibility to take action against bullying: Evaluation of a befriending intervention in Italian middle schools. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 1-14. doi:10.1002/ab.80012
24. Merrell, K., Gueldner, B., Ross, S., & Isava, D. (2008). How effective are school bullying intervention programs A meta-analysis of intervention research. School Psychology Quarterly, 23, 26-42. doi:10.1037/1045-3830.23.1.26
25. Obstbaum, Y. (2006). Brottslighet bland finskspråkiga och svenskspråkiga ungdomar [Crime among Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking young people] (Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen tutkimustiedonantoja 69) [National Research Institute of Legal Policy Research Communications 69]. Helsinki, Finland: National Research Institute of Legal Policy.
26. Olweus, D. (1996). The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Bergen, Norway: University of Bergen, Research Center for Health Promotion (HEMIL Center).
27. Olweus, D. (2004). The Olweus Bullying Prevention Programme: Design and implementation issues and a new national initiative in Norway. In P. K. Smith, D. Pepler, & K. Rigby (Eds.), Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions be (pp. 13-36). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511584466.003
28. Olweus, D. (2005). New positive results with the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program in 37 Oslo schools. Unpublished report, University of Bergen, Research Center for Health Promotion (HEMIL Center), Bergen, Norway.
29. Olweus, D., & Alsaker, F. (1991). Assessing change in a cohortlongitudinal study with hierarchical data. In D. Magnusson, L. Bergman, G. Rudinger, & B. Törestad (Eds.), Problems and methods in longitudinal research: Stability and change (pp. 107-132). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511663260.008
30. Pikas, A. (1989). The common concern method for the treatment of mobbing. In E. Roland & E. Munthe (Eds.), Bullying: An International Perspective (pp. 91-104). London, England: David Fulton.
31. Pitts, J., & Smith, P. K. (1995). Preventing school bullying. London, England: Home Office.
32. Polanin, J. R., Espelage, D. L., & Pigott, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of school-based bullying prevention programs' effects on bystander intervention behavior. School Psychology Review, 41, 47-65.
33. Pöyhönen, V., Juvonen, J., & Salmivalli, C. (2010). What does it take to stand up for the victim of bullying The interplay between personal and social factors. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 56, 143-163. doi:10.1353/mpq.0.0046
34. Pöyhönen, V., & Salmivalli, C. (2008). New directions in research and practice addressing bullying: Focus on defending behavior. In D. Pepler & W. Craig (Eds.), An international perspective on understanding and addressing bullying (PREVNet Publication Series, 1, pp. 26-43). Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.
35. Rasbash, J., Charlton, C., Browne, W. J., Healy, M., & Cameron, B. (2009). MLwiN (Version 2.11) [Computer software]. Bristol, England: University of Bristol, Centre for Multilevel Modelling.
36. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
37. Robinson, G., & Maines, B. (1997). Crying for help: The no blame approach to bullying. Bristol, England: Lucky Duck.
38. Rodkin, P. C., Farmer, T. W., Pearl, R., & Van Acker, R. (2000). Heterogeneity of popular boys: Antisocial and prosocial configurations. Developmental Psychology, 36, 14-24. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.1.14
39. Sainio, M., Kaukiainen, A., Willför-Nyman, U., Annevirta, T., Pöyhönen, V., & Salmivalli, C. (2009). KiVa: Teacher's guide, Unit 3 (Research into Practice Publication Series, No. 4). Turku, Finland: University of Turku, Psychology Department.
40. Salmivalli, C. (2010). Bullying and the peer group: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 112-120. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.08.007
41. Salmivalli, C., Garandeau, C., & Veenstra, R. (2012). KiVa anti-bullying program: Implications for school adjustment. In A. M. Ryan & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Peer relationships and adjustment at school (pp. 279-305). Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
42. Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2010a). Development, evaluation, and diffusion of a national anti-bullying program KiVa. In B. Doll, W. Pfohl, & J. Yoon (Eds.), Handbook of youth prevention science (pp. 238-252). New York, NY: Routledge.
43. Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2010b). From peer putdowns to peer support: A theoretical model and how it translated into a national anti-bullying program. In S. R. Jimerson, S. M. Swearer, & D. L. Espelage (Eds.), Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective (pp. 441-454). New York, NY: Routledge.
44. Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Counteracting bullying in Finland: The KiVa program and its effects on different forms of being bullied. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 405-411. doi:10.1177/0165025411407457
45. Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen, A., & Voeten, M. (2005). Anti-bullying intervention: Implementation and outcome. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 465-487. doi:10.1348/000709905X26011
46. Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 1-15. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1996)22:11::AID-AB13.0.CO; 2-T
47. Salmivalli, C., & Peets, K. (2008). Bullies, victims, and bully-victim relationships. In K. Rubin, W. Bukowski, & B. Laursen (Eds.), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 322-340). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
48. Salmivalli, C., Poskiparta, E., Tikka, A., & Pöyhönen, V. (2009). KiVa: Teacher's guide, Unit 1 (Research into Practice Publication Series, No. 2). Turku, Finland: University of Turku, Department of Psychology.
49. Salmivalli, C., & Voeten, M. (2004). Connections between attitudes, group norms, and behaviors associated with bullying in schools. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 246-258. doi:10.1080/01650250344000488
50. Salmivalli, C., Voeten, M., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Bystanders matter: Associations between defending, reinforcing, and the frequency of bullying in classrooms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 668-676. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.597090
51. Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7, 147-177. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.2.147
52. Shadish, W., Cook, T., & Campbell, D. (2002). Experimental and quasiexperimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
53. Smith, J. D., Schneider, B. H., Smith, P. K., & Ananiadou, K. (2004). The effectiveness of whole-school anti-bullying programs: A synthesis of evaluation research. School Psychology Review, 33, 547-560.
54. Smith, P. K. (2010). Bullying in primary and secondary schools: Psychological and organizational comparisons. In S. R. Jimerson, S. M. Swearer, & D. L. Espelage (Eds.), Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective (pp. 137-150). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
55. Smith, P. K., & Sharp, S. (Eds.). (1994). School bullying: Insights and perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203425497
56. Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. (1999). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. London, England: Sage.
57. Solberg, M. E., & Olweus, D. (2003). Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 239-268. doi:10.1002/ab.10047
58. Stevens, V., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Van Oost, P. (2000). Bullying in Flemish schools: An evaluation of anti-bullying intervention in primary and secondary schools. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 195-210. doi:10.1348/000709900158056
59. Whitney, I., Rivers, I., Smith, P. K., & Sharp, S. (1994). The Sheffield Project: Methodology and findings. In P. K. Smith & S. Sharp (Eds.), School bullying: Insights and perspectives (pp. 20-56). London, England: Routledge.
60. Whitney, I., & Smith, P. K. (1993). A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools. Educational Research, 35, 3-25. doi:10.1080/0013188930350101
61. Williford, A., Boulton, A., Noland, B., Kärnä, A., Little, T. D., & Salmivalli, C. (2012). Effects of the KiVa Anti-Bullying Program on adolescents' perception of peers, depression, and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 289-300. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9551-1